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Larry Strauss

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Confessions of a Corrupt Educator

Posted: 06/24/11 01:17 PM ET

As another school year lurches into the collective memory, relegated to the digital archives, I find myself reflecting again on the purpose of grades?

The conventional understanding about those lettered evaluation marks is that they are meant to measure student performance -- skills and knowledge -- and apprise those students and their parents of their progress and to assist universities in sorting out who deserves admission and scholarships and, perhaps, in the aggregate, to help alert tax-payers as to the overall state of this school or that school district that they are funding.

By those criteria, any grade not arrived at through entirely objective means and based strictly upon the state academic standards is an act of insubordination.

And yet I find myself -- as I believe do many other teachers -- using grades for entirely different purposes:

  • pushing students to do more than they would like;
  • pushing them to learn more than they think they need to or believe they can;
  • encouraging them to be intellectually curious, to fail better (as Samuel Beckett said) until they might succeed, to value intellectual skills and knowledge, even if theirs are still gravely lacking;
  • coaxing them to never give up on themselves (which sometimes requires giving them second and third and fourth chances they might not, objectively, deserve);
  • and not letting the very brightest and most skilled of my students rest upon their gifts.

Amidst the current deluge of data, such grading practices can result in students with high grades and low state test scores or with low grades and high test scores.

Such incongruities might suggest a watered-down curriculum and low standards and/or a failure to challenge the most capable students. But what they more likely indicate is the collision of an objective evaluating system (standardized testing) and an evaluating system that is most effectively utilized with at least some consideration of individual students, their abilities and their efforts.

I refuse to punish a student for what he or she didn't know before entering my class, nor reward one entirely for what he or she previously learned.

Hard work is the only way that child will get there.

Hard work isn't enough.

Perhaps -- at least in the short term -- but to deliver that message to a student who is trying seems to me to go against the very nature of education. Demoralization may work with snarky graduate students and boot camp recruits, but marginally skilled children in grades K on up to 12 do not benefit from such tactics, even if their lack of performance might justify it.

Same time, high grades not earned can be nearly as disastrous.

Students need clear expectations and must be made accountable to them -- but those expectations must, in the short run, be realistic or they will prove useless. They can make remarkable progress in the right circumstance - with a teacher who knows the subject and knows how to teach it -- if they are willing to work and they most surely won't make much progress if they are not.

We ought to expect more out of a child than she or he might think possible -- but not more than actually is possible. That is the intuitive genius of the best parents and teachers, to see that potential for what it really is and push a child forcefully toward it until the child starts to push him or herself.

This was a recurring theme among graduates this year from the high school at which I teach. The most successful of our students were the ones who expected the most out of themselves and worked the hardest.

That, of course, is no great revelation to most of us who have raised children or taught K-12.

The symbols on a report card might open doors, opportunities, and might encourage confidence -- but it is the learning represented by those grades that will ultimately make a difference for that student.

 
 
 

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TINA ANDRES
How did this happen?
09:43 PM on 06/27/2011
In California we have been subjected to "Standards Based Grading". In many elementary schools, this has resulted in restrictive grading policies for teachers to adhere to and confusing report cards for parents to try to understand. In elementary schools students are not allowed to be given a grade of "Exceeds Standards" in the beginning of the school year because the standards have not yet been taught. That can be shocking when you know for a fact that your child already knows the majority of the material that is about to be taught. It has also created a situation in which teachers never feel free to teach beyond the standards in the first place. It is all about the lowest common denominator and this is driving the best students to charters and private schools. At parent conferences teachers spend a great deal of time explaining that they "would have" given this or that grade but they aren't allowed to.
In one of my intermediate school math classes of 30 far below basic students, I was told that no matter how well they do in my class, no one can ever receive an "A" in the class because they have already tested far below the standards. Just try to keep it a secret from kids that they won't ever receive an "A" in my class no matter what they do because I am not allowed to give them an "A". This is what is truly happening out there.
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Larry Strauss
12:50 AM on 06/28/2011
Thanks for sharing that, Tina, depressing as it is--

No, not depressing, it's downright Orwellian.
And stupid, which is maybe redundant--stupid and evil.

I am also a California teacher but thus far spared the "standards based grading." Perhaps because I teach in a part of Los Angeles where expectations are low and because our school is one of the very few exceptions to that. I don't know.

What would happen if you gave an FBB student an A?
Does the administration change it automatically?
Are you disciplined?
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TINA ANDRES
How did this happen?
01:08 AM on 06/28/2011
I don't really know what would have happened if I did give one of them an "A". I resolved it by moving any student who would have received an "A" up to a higher class. I used moving up as a motivation throughout the year and fortunately the administration was amenable to moving kids up.
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Robert Schwartz
Parent, educator, edtech enthusiast/skeptic
03:49 PM on 06/27/2011
I think it's great that we are having a conversation about grading - it's purposes and our methods. It's just one more thing left over from the old structure of schooling and needs to be looked at holistically as just one part of how kids learn best and the structure the school needs to take in order to support it. Many schools have pushed towards standards based report cards, but they do that more to emphasize test prep than to actually assess what students are learning. Grading should be part of a formative process that helps students learn more as opposed to a static "end of term" letter where every teacher within a school, district, state, and country has a differing opinion of what it means.
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Larry Strauss
12:45 AM on 06/28/2011
Excellent point, Robert--
I think there are ways we might all get past the narrow constraints of the grading paradigm. Some schools -- mostly expensive private institutions -- have managed to do away with letter grades in favor of detailed written evaluations. That isn't going to be practical as long as a teacher like me has to grade upwards of 200 students eight times a year (including progress reports).
When students really enjoy learning they often don't need to be graded; they work hard, do their best, often with impressive results. Some of the best academic discussions I've had were with students in my room eating lunch or basketball players debating politics or linguistics or literature on a bus rolling through the darkened city streets after a road game.
01:46 AM on 06/26/2011
I absolutely disagree with this. Grades should never be used as rewards or punishments. If you use grades in this way then you are unwittingly teaching children to value grades over learning. Of course it is important to teach children to work hard, to be intellectually curious, and so forth, but it is wrong to use grades for this purpose.
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Ariel Bonzai
Naked is the best disguise.
11:02 AM on 06/26/2011
What purpose is that? Me. Strauss teaches ELA. Do you have any idea how broad the standards are!? We cannot really be fully objective, but we can say well, obviously Peggy Sue made a lot of progress. Unfortunately Axle is just not meeting his potential. We literally have to personalise for each child, which is no easy task whe one has up to 200 students a day and essays, tests, etc. Etc. To grade
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Larry Strauss
04:23 PM on 06/26/2011
Well put, Ariel--
Thanks.
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Larry Strauss
04:22 PM on 06/26/2011
Rewards or punishments?
I'm suggesting we recognize progress as represented by performance over time.The only thing that gets punished is laziness and lack of self-discipline. Thanks for the comment, daveinstpaul.
07:52 PM on 06/25/2011
I wanted to edit an earlier post but that's not possible. I wanted to say that I would never lower an intelligent student's grade just because he or she easily passed a test or project, but I do make my highest ability students do more to get the A than I do for my less able students. I don't know how fair that sounds, but to not do it seems unfair to the more able students - sitting around wasting time while less able students try to catch up seems unfair - as far as trying to give them a valuable education.
07:34 PM on 06/25/2011
This is probably one of the best articles written on HP this year. lcr999 posted that this idea is absolutely incorrect, and I can see his point. Ideally, it would be nice to set one standard, one grading system upon a mass group of students - and that would be possible if we could assume from the beginning that each student begins with the same advantages. That's never the case in my experience. If I wanted to, I could work out a grading system that only allows the top 10% to pass, or the top 20% to pass, top 30%, etc. But what would that accomplish? In my classes I force my brightest students to do their most spectacular work, my mediocre students to do their most spectacular work, and my other students their most spectacular work. By creating one grading system for everyone, I would just be opening and closing doors for my students. By expecting and demanding more from my brightest students, and demanding as much from each student as they can provide, I'm pushing each student forward - not just the top students. Even my students understand this - when my best students ask why they need to do more, and do it better, I tell them it's because they can. Unfortunately, not all students have the same cognitive ability, but each deserves a chance to improve himself.
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lcr999
scientist
11:37 PM on 06/24/2011
What !! You want to give higher grades to kids who try hard, and lower grades to kids who dont try hard.

And you are a basketball coach. Should we just award baskets to the kids who try hard, and maybe a basket for a natural athlete should only count for 1 point.

Sorry, Grades should reflect level of accomplishment. Nothing else.
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sawyer0413
Corporate Learning & Performance Expert
09:58 AM on 06/25/2011
If a basketball game was a life-time event, Yes, we should give grades for effort.

Should the system destroy learning desire in a student? Would it not be better for the student, the community, and the economy to develop that student to the full potential.

You might argue about grades being arbitrary. First, grade levels are completely arbitrary. There is no customization for the student's ability to learn that material at that time. Why is this absurd? I have never gone into a store and said, "I am x-years old. Give me some clothes." Certainly education is more important than clothes, and yet we don't customize it.

Second, the test questions are arbitrary. I remember an exam on the U.S. Constitution / Bill of Rights. When was the last time an employer asked you about your opinion of the 7th Amendment in an interview? Ever been stopped by a police officer in a random Bill of Rights stop, and ask to recite the 17th Amendment? This is just for factual test questions. Forget essay questions. There are multiple answers to even simple essay questions. There are multiple ways to judge your readiness.

Third, except for tests grade automatically through some sort of bubble-in score card, there is tremendous subjectivity in a grade. And those sorts of factual bubble-in tests represent the lowest and least useful information from an educational basis.

Grades are anything but as cut and dry as you perceive them to be.
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Larry Strauss
02:42 PM on 06/25/2011
One of the things I love most about HS basketball is the way that effort often is rewarded. Unless one team is grossly more talented and athletic and bigger than the other, it is almost always the team that puts out the most effort, that pushes past their 4th quarter exhaustion and, as they say, "leaves it on the floor" that prevails. My teams have been on both ends of that equation. No one needs to handicap effort -- it stands tall and proud on the hardwood!
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Larry Strauss
02:39 PM on 06/25/2011
Perhaps I wasn't entirely successful in conveying my thesis, lcr999--

I agree that grades should reflect accomplishment. Progress is accomplishment. If a student enters my class reading and writing at a 7th grade level (in an 11th grade glass) and leaves performing only 9 months below grade level -- having traversed more than 4 of the 5 years he was behind -- should he receive a big FAIL on his report card because he didn't entirely catch up? I think that student deserves an A.

Don't you?
02:29 AM on 06/26/2011
I think that, in a differentiated classroom, students in the same room are effectively taking different classes, and our grading systems should reflect that. Perhaps our hypothetical student, who made 4 years of progress but did not reach grade level, should be retroactively awarded a grade of A in 10th grade English.
09:04 PM on 06/24/2011
Thank you for telling! I get criticized for being a too easy/hard grader. Challenged or hopeless students need encouragement for their gains. Gifted students need challenging. Grades mean absolutely nothing to me. They are a tool used for helping kids reach THEIR best. Heck, the state test determines if they pass/fail anyway. All Fs and pass the test? Don't retain. All As and fail the test? Retain (okay, really give alternate test first.)
I've had parents go to the principal and threaten going to the school board. With tenure, I didn't really care. Today? I'd say, "Whatever." They are looking for any possible way to get rid of experienced teachers in FL. If a parent is determined to do the wrong thing, I doubt I'd fight it too hard. You know how some parents back their kid's lies, excuses, and behavior. Today, they win and the student loses. Sorry.
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lcr999
scientist
11:39 PM on 06/24/2011
Grades mean a lot to everyone else as a measure of achievement. You can encourage them however you want but grades are a measure of accomplishment not effort. IT is because of this kind of grading that we have the loathsome standardized tests.
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sawyer0413
Corporate Learning & Performance Expert
10:07 AM on 06/25/2011
Once you have been in the workplace for even a short period of time, you understand that grades are meaningless. Grades are an arbitrary way of sorting people. Because graduate schools and new hire positions for companies are flooded with applicants, the schools and companies use grades as a means of winnowing the applicant pool.

I have been a manager of large teams for years, and I have never fired someone because their GPA was 2.3 during their undergraduate years. In fact, some of the absolutely best graduate students did poorly during their undergraduate years. They went into the workplace, and returned to graduate school after developing work experience.

Grades should reflect the real world. You have either met the criteria or not. You list your micro-bio as a scientist. As an example to you, if you propose a new theory, it either stands up to peer-review or it doesn't. Your lab results support your idea or they don't. Your patent application for a new thing is accepted or not. Your paper is accepted for publication or not. When you fail in those, it is not the end. You go back and revise you theory, your lab tests, your application, or your publication. You continue to revise, rework, and learn. Grades teach our students that projects have an end point. In most work, we are face with processes that have no specific end, just milestones of accomplishment.

Hope that helps.
07:46 PM on 06/25/2011
You're teaching/coaching a quarterback class. One student is Brett Favre, one is Peyton Manning, one is Tom Brady, one is Johnny Unitas, one is in a wheel chair with down syndrome. You grade them all the same way? If I'm the team owner I would, if I'm trying to develop them to meet their greatest potential, I would not.
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johnthompson
05:26 PM on 06/24/2011
Thank you! Thank you! Thank you!

Grading is a political process. It is as political as creating standardized test questions and evaluating them. Grading is as subjective as teacher evaluations, with or without test score growth. Some grading systems MAY be less subjective. As Lynn Canady says, Math teachers often will talk your ear off about their complex grading system, while we History teachers tend to say, "Yup, that grade seems good nuff."

For me, grading is just the least enjoyable, and the least valuable things that I have to do. I'll use grades as a warning shot. At times, I'll use grading to motivate. When I do so, I consider that a defeat. But life is too short to worry much about grading issues.

My best years, I completely weaned my seniors off grades by their last semester. And yes, THAT was worthy of celebration. They had nailed down a great lesson about inner directedness.
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Larry Strauss
02:35 PM on 06/25/2011
Thanks for the comment, John.

That is a great accomplishment to wean those seniors off of grades. The closest I've come is to get them to understand that their lack of inner directedness is the cause of their mean teacher's grading system.
03:10 PM on 06/24/2011
I would take the word "corrupt" out of your headline and replace it with "thoughtful." You sound like a great teacher!
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lcr999
scientist
11:44 PM on 06/24/2011
I agree with corrupt. Give them a gold star for effort, but not an A. There are lots of ways to encourage kids that don't involve faking the measure of their accomplishment.

Since he is a baseketball coach, lets just award only 1 point for baskets by the natural athlete, and give three points to the klutz, just because he has to work harder.! It would encourage them more! Duh!
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Larry Strauss
02:27 PM on 06/25/2011
I've never given anyone an A merely for effort but I've never failed a student who made a consistent effort to work hard and consequently shown improvement. I agree that an A should equate excellence but that excellence must be consistently demonstrated and the student must show progress.

As for your analogy to basketball, I actually will bench a really good player who isn't giving 100%. Allowing a player to swagger around the court and lazily show his prodigious talents is bad for morale and the wrong model for younger players on the team.

A high school basketball coach is an educator first, a competitor second. I'd rather have a losing season and have my players learn the right things than sell my soul and sell-out my players and win a championship. So your analogy is a false one.

Nice try.