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Laura Carroll

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The 'Biological Urge': What's the Truth?

Posted: 08/10/2012 9:45 am

Birth rates may be plummeting in these economic times, but it's not stopping a phenomenon that happens to women in particular -- the time that comes in every woman's life when an uncontrollable "urge" comes over her and she feels a calling from deep within to become a mother.

This phenomenon has commonly been called the "biological urge," and it's seen as part of women's biological instinct to have children. We're taught that it's something that's supposed to happen to women at some point in their lives, but what do we really know about the biology at work that creates this "urge"?

We know that biology is at play when women are pregnant. Estrogen and progesterone kick in at conception and continue through pregnancy, along with the neurohormone oxytocin, which fires at the time of delivery. Research also tells us that biology is at work once the baby is born, including how the mother's brain responds differently to different baby behaviors.

While we typically don't talk about men having the same kind of "urge," there are biological factors at work for them as well. According to Dr. Ethylin Jabs at Johns Hopkins, we do know that "the bottom line is as men age, the percentage of damaged sperm they carry in their testes tend to increase," and the greater the risk of having a baby with a birth defect.

But for both sexes, what are the hard-wired biological processes that create the desire for a child?

Here's the truth that's not talked about -- For women, there is no real evidence to support the notion that there is a biological process that creates that deep longing for a child. And the same for men; there's no real evidence linking biology to the creation of parental desire.

So what's behind the "urge" if it's not biological?

Similar to the origins of what I call "Fulfillment Assumption" in The Baby Matrix , the answer first goes back to pronatalist notions that were created about parenthood generations ago, when society needed to encourage people to have lots of children. In addition to pushing the idea that parenthood was "the" path to fulfillment in life, another had to do with the idea that "normal" women experience an instinctual longing from within to have a child, and if they didn't there was something wrong with them. This belief is part of the larger pronatal "Destiny Assumption" that was created many years ago, that, like the Fulfillment Assumption, has stuck long after its usefulness.

The deep feelings of wanting to have a child have their roots in a learned desire from strong, long-standing social and cultural pronatal influences -- not biological ones. And we've been influenced so strongly for so long that it just feels "innate."

Early feminist Lena Hollingsworth gets to the heart of why it isn't: If the "urge" was actually innate or instinctual, we would all feel it, she argues -- and we don't. If it were instinctive, there would have been no need to introduce social messaging to encourage and influence reproduction. If it were instinctive, there would be no need for social and cultural pressures to have children.

When it comes to the "biological urge," it's time to shift our thinking to reflect what is real. Realizing that the "longing" is not something that will automatically descend upon us allows us to better explore its origins within us. Researcher and psychoanalyst Frederick Wyatt puts it this way: "When a woman says with feeling she craved her baby from within, she is putting biological language to what is psychological."

When we can't just chalk up the longing to biological instinct, we can better reflect on the craving from within and ask ourselves questions like, "What is at the essence of this feeling of longing? Is it truly to raise a child, or is it another yearning I think a child will fill for me in my life?"

Realizing that a yearning for parenthood is not a biological imperative allows us to look harder at why we think we want children and ferret out how much of it comes from external conditioning. Seeing the truth about the "biological urge" ultimately helps us make the best parenthood choices for ourselves, our families and our world.

Laura is the author of The Baby Matrix: Why Freeing Our Minds From Outmoded Thinking About Parenthood & Reproduction Will Create a Better World.

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Birth rates may be plummeting in these economic times, but it's not stopping a phenomenon that happens to women in particular -- the time that comes in every woman's life when an uncontrollable "urge"...
Birth rates may be plummeting in these economic times, but it's not stopping a phenomenon that happens to women in particular -- the time that comes in every woman's life when an uncontrollable "urge"...
 
 
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08:08 PM on 09/04/2012
Go ahead and add marriage to this discussion. It's even more a construct of learned social mores.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
fearisinthemind
One is not born, but rather becomes, a woman
05:33 AM on 08/24/2012
sometimes the urgent to have a baby is wanting to be loved.
01:28 PM on 08/17/2012
I've spent 70 years knowing there was no biological urge to procreate or raise children. When I first experienced this, I was afraid I was a mutant women! I loved kids and chose a career in teaching.Why didn't I want to be a parent? What was "wrong" with me? I kept waiting for the right time, the right man, the right choice to manifest itself making me "normal".
Years later I came to understand how much we're influenced by pronatal beliefs. As I came to believe in my own ability to make choices I became convinced I could live a full life without raising children.
In my book, "Confessions of a Childless Woman" I address the often asked question if I have any regrets! Menopause was challenging! Not because I regretted not having them but because I saw my choice taken away with my body's definitive answer.
Even now, trying to get a book published I'm face with agents and publishers under the pronatal myth who feel choice is available and therefore nobody needs to read my story!
If we took parenting as the important career it is, with preparation and training ...maybe the tide of child abuse or unhappy parents would stop. If we valued a man and a woman by how they connect to this planet and what they do for their own families, neighbors and friends, maybe the childless and childfree would be given the kudos and respect they deserve.
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HUFFPOST BLOGGER
Laura Carroll
02:13 PM on 08/17/2012
We need to hear from more women like you, who have seen how pronatalism has influenced what society thinks is "true" about the urge for years!
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
tokyo kat88
01:41 PM on 08/16/2012
As some have mentioned, it isn't until recently that we have been able to successfully create protection so sex/procreation were considered as one and the same. (We were trying as far back as the roman empire. Something about trying orange peels as a spermicide.) Also procreation was more essential. Children died like flies, you had to breed breed breed to ensure you had little workers and heirs.

It's interesting how a few commenters are pushing the BIOLOGY!!!! argument, Mr. Gilbert even saying that a commenter wasn't normal for not having the urge. it was biology, why is it wrong to not want kids? We argued homosexuality was wrong and against nature. Pfft. We had two unneutered dogs that we had to neuter because they kept humping eachother. We go against biology all the time, as we garner an understanding for it and learn to use it in our favor. Look at contraception. But if the urge is truly social, then it supports the fear expressed by the commenters and Laura's argument for their need of validation. Look at modern examples. Western birth rates are declining. Japan and western countries are pushing people to have kids as the patriotic thing to do, or for SOCIAL reasons. We have reached 7 billion people worldwide, other animal populations regulate themselves according to predator populations/food availability. Where is ours? Perhaps our declining rates are a form of self preservation but the social pressure keeps us from seeing that.
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brooklyncitizen
Soror quaerens lucem
05:30 PM on 08/15/2012
I remember being 28 and having an urge to have a baby. I swooned at every kid that I saw....how cute, want one.

Well I began painting and the urge went away. Resisting the urge and deciding not to have kids and was the best choice giving so many factors in my life.

In my estimation really weighing what is required to raise a healthy kid against what my needs and capabilities to do this the decision to opt out was the soundest choice. Women however are deemed selfish in so choosing yet time and again I am aghast at what passes for parenting. I have seen parents systematically destroy kids' self esteem and weigh them down with crap.Thing is no one ever stops being a selfish adult but some of us draw the line as to who we will burden with that .
09:39 AM on 08/16/2012
This comment is completely on target. You summed up all my feelings exactly. And I'm glad painting has given you great fulfillment.
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brooklyncitizen
Soror quaerens lucem
11:23 PM on 08/16/2012
I think those of us that weigh heavily what parenting entails may even make better parents than the thoughtless dolts that populate our country procreating without a thought.
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HUFFPOST BLOGGER
Laura Carroll
11:44 AM on 08/17/2012
brooklyncitizen~I have talked to lots of women who tell a similar story-that at first they felt the urge to have a child, but upon further reflection understood more it as a longing to experience and express more of their creative selves. There are many ways to create - and social messaging in pronatalist society tells women the ultimate way to do this is through motherhood. In reality there are many ways to experience the act of creation that are very fulfilling in life -- like painting!
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brooklyncitizen
Soror quaerens lucem
03:48 PM on 08/17/2012
Yeah, I actually went back to grad school for art.It's a new career.
ChoppyBob
I survived 8 years of Pres Cheney, so scuk it!
01:36 PM on 08/15/2012
Clearly it's just social pressure combined with the awareness of shrinking opportunities as we get older.

Children deserve more than that.

They deserve a stable, emotionally mature, nurturing, caregiver(s) who is aware of what they are taking on, willing to take it on and CAPABLE of taking it on.

A biological "urge," even IF it were real, would be no excuse for bringing another life into the world and, oops, finding out you're a $hitty, cold, withdrawn, uninterested parent.
11:32 PM on 08/14/2012
Just wanted to point something out. I see people confusing the urge for sex with the urge to procreate, but they are different. Sex played a greater role in our evolutionary development than just procreation. If sex were only for procreation, we would only have the urge when ovulating, like most species. The bonobo ape, our closest relative, sexual play is a huge element in bonding, reconciling disputes and overall happiness. This is the same for humans. Of course, in the past it was more difficult to separate sex from procreation, but now we are able to do so. We are able to make conscious and rational decisions about our lives and impact on the world. I can't see anything wrong with that.
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03:02 PM on 08/14/2012
Add me to the list of people who never had a biological urge to procreate. I'm not a biologist or a sociologist, so I cannot speak to Laura's theory. But I do question the idea of it being a solely biological urge, I feel there is a societal and cultural pressure to have kids.

Today's society is incredibly pro-natalist - the comments here are certainly indicative of that. Women (and men) who don't want children are seen as 'defective', 'selfish' and 'kid-haters' - all negative terms. Society also helps to perpetuate that myth - women who give birth are seen more favorably in society. Many women (not all) are taught from an early age that marriage and children are the proper goal in life. This sounds like 'conditioning' and not an urge to me. Then, there is what I like to call the "Cult of Mommyhood" - women who LOVE to declare how WONDERFUL it is being a parent, how life-fulfilling it is - but conveniently forget to tell about the struggles, pain and sacrifice it entails. Then God forbid if a Mom expresses frustration or anger, or dares to say that they hate being a Mom, they are attacked and vilified by the Mom masses.

It's funny how the pro-natalists get all defensive when articles like this are written. They are so INVESTED in what a women's role/purpose is in society, to add evidence to contradict that would mean that their whole raison d'etre would vanish.
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HUFFPOST BLOGGER
Laura Carroll
08:24 PM on 08/14/2012
Thanks for bringing up pronatalism -- it needs to be talked more about! I also find the defensiveness interesting- it does speak to how embedded this and other pronatalist assumptions are in our society, and how we need to question what we have been taught to believe ~
ChoppyBob
I survived 8 years of Pres Cheney, so scuk it!
01:37 PM on 08/15/2012
Pronatalism kills. A good 30% of people (at least) need to be yanked out of the responsibility of taking care of infants/children.
07:38 AM on 08/14/2012
Oh and by the way, on a personal level, I know of at least 3 personal friends who have shared that they would not have had children had they known what was involved, the energies and stress. Not in front of their kids of course (that I know of). Also, I had an aunt who had no children and was quite happy with her decision right to the end, never expressing any regrets, even as she would complement my Mom over our up-bringing (3 kids). The gene/meme explanation would fit with this broad diversity of experience people are writing about here – as it’s not a stretch to see how if the urge is not individual and innate, societies other meme’s (those more about individuality) would have assured that balance. No individual “urge” again, plausibly explained, even explaining outliers in the stats.
07:36 AM on 08/14/2012
I offer up a possible explanation in the writings of Howard Bloom for the apparent contradiction between humans that have grown to control the planet vs. not finding biological evidence of an “urge” to have babies. Think genes meets super-organism meets memes.

Think of it by going way back to the cave-man hunter-gatherers with no control over conception and no tendencies one way or another as individuals or small groups. Let any tendencies to the individuals or the tribe just occur, assigned randomly (nurturing, to non-nurturing, reinforcing social forces to none, including no positive social response of strangers to any children’s presence in the tribe). Once children were born the first phase of selection favors responses that are protective, nurturing, and so on. Randomly assigned genetic tendencies to the contrary are quickly reduced, almost gone, from the gene pool, as lacking those tendencies you quickly got out-bred. Before you know it, and some millennia pass, the “during” and “after” birth chemical and emotional tendencies are dominant traits.

Then throw in a societal “super-organism” factor, with selective pressures again, at that “social” level. Who are we the descendants of? Possibly that combination of individual genes that had those chemical responses during pregnancy, and after child birth, together with social traits (memes) once children were in the group, combined with individuals again (genes) susceptible to the pressure of the societal memes.

A curious model explaining a lot.
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HUFFPOST COMMUNITY MODERATOR
seehowtheyrun
Without music, life would be a mistake
09:54 PM on 08/13/2012
I never had that urge. Sex yes, children , no.
07:52 PM on 08/13/2012
There's no biological baby urge, but there is an urge to have sex. There is however no urge to have unprotected sex.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Amaryllis612
Why do I need a microbio
04:44 PM on 08/13/2012
Got news for your not every woman wants children. I am happily childfree and so are the majority of my friends. The economy isn't the only reason that people are having fewer kids and/or skipping it altogether. Quality of life and satisfaction are much higher for people who have never had children!
04:42 PM on 08/13/2012
Here's my answer if anyone asks me about my biological clock: It decided "screw this" and imploded when I was 12.

I like children, but I do not want any of my own. Even if I did, I would prefer to adopt a child (over age 3) when give birth.
09:33 PM on 08/18/2012
Oops! I mean "than give birth".
04:41 PM on 08/13/2012
Great to see someone telling it like it is and not pandering to the women that claim they have no control over their desire to have a child. The 'urge' is just the wanting of a child (for whatever reason) coupled with the growing knowledge that time is running out with every passing day. It's not a biological urge at all, just a normal human desire. And like all human desires, it isn't shared by everyone.