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Lawrence Lessig

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Prosecutor as Bully

Posted: 01/13/2013 10:01 am

(Some will say this is not the time. I disagree. This is the time when every mixed emotion needs to find voice.)

Since Aaron Swartz's arrest in January, 2011, I have known more about the events that began this spiral than I have wanted to know. Aaron consulted me as a friend and lawyer. He shared with me what went down and why, and I worked with him to get help. When my obligations to Harvard created a conflict that made it impossible for me to continue as a lawyer, I continued as a friend. Not a good enough friend, no doubt, but nothing was going to draw that friendship into doubt.

The billions of snippets of sadness and bewilderment spinning across the Net confirm who this amazing boy was to all of us. But as I've read these aches, there's one strain I wish we could resist:

Please don't pathologize this story.

No doubt it is a certain crazy that brings a person as loved as Aaron was loved (and he was surrounded in NY by people who loved him) to do what Aaron did. It angers me that he did what he did. But if we're going to learn from this, we can't let slide what brought him here.

First, of course, Aaron brought Aaron here. As I said when I wrote about the case (when obligations required I say something publicly), if what the government alleged was true -- and I say "if" because I am not revealing what Aaron said to me then -- then what he did was wrong. And if not legally wrong, then at least morally wrong. The causes that Aaron fought for are my causes too. But as much as I respect those who disagree with me about this, these means are not mine.

But all this shows is that if the government proved its case, some punishment was appropriate. So what was that appropriate punishment? Was Aaron a terrorist? Or a cracker trying to profit from stolen goods? Or was this something completely different?

Early on, and to its great credit, JSTOR figured "appropriate" out: They declined to pursue their own action against Aaron, and they asked the government to drop its. MIT, to its great shame, was not as clear, and so the prosecutor had the excuse he needed to continue his war against the "criminal" who we who loved him knew as Aaron.

Here is where we need a better sense of justice, and shame. For the outrageousness in this story is not just Aaron. It is also the absurdity of the prosecutor's behavior. From the beginning, the government worked as hard as it could to characterize what Aaron did in the most extreme and absurd way. The "property" Aaron had "stolen," we were told, was worth "millions of dollars" -- with the hint, and then the suggestion, that his aim must have been to profit from his crime. But anyone who says that there is money to be made in a stash of ACADEMIC ARTICLES is either an idiot or a liar. It was clear what this was not, yet our government continued to push as if it had caught the 9/11 terrorists red-handed.

Aaron had literally done nothing in his life "to make money." He was fortunate Reddit turned out as it did, but from his work building the RSS standard, to his work architecting Creative Commons, to his work liberating public records, to his work building a free public library, to his work supporting Change Congress/FixCongressFirst/Rootstrikers, and then Demand Progress, Aaron was always and only working for (at least his conception of) the public good. He was brilliant, and funny. A kid genius. A soul, a conscience, the source of a question I have asked myself a million times: What would Aaron think? That person is gone today, driven to the edge by what a decent society would only call bullying. I get wrong. But I also get proportionality. And if you don't get both, you don't deserve to have the power of the United States government behind you.

For remember, we live in a world where the architects of the financial crisis regularly dine at the White House -- and where even those brought to "justice" never even have to admit any wrongdoing, let alone be labeled "felons."

In that world, the question this government needs to answer is why it was so necessary that Aaron Swartz be labeled a "felon." For in the 18 months of negotiations, that was what he was not willing to accept, and so that was the reason he was facing a million-dollar trial in April -- his wealth bled dry, yet unable to appeal openly to us for the financial help he needed to fund his defense, at least without risking the ire of a district court judge. And so as wrong and misguided and fucking sad as this is, I get how the prospect of this fight, defenseless, made it make sense to this brilliant but troubled boy to end it.

Fifty years in jail, charges our government. Somehow, we need to get beyond the "I'm right so I'm right to nuke you" ethics that dominates our time. That begins with one word: shame.

One word, and endless tears.

This piece first appeared on Lawrence Lessig's blog.

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(Some will say this is not the time. I disagree. This is the time when every mixed emotion needs to find voice.) Since Aaron Swartz's arrest in January, 2011, I have known more about the events that ...
(Some will say this is not the time. I disagree. This is the time when every mixed emotion needs to find voice.) Since Aaron Swartz's arrest in January, 2011, I have known more about the events that ...
 
 
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Democrat in the South
Empathy, the most important word
08:54 PM on 02/12/2013
I agree. Well said Mr Lessig. Well said. When I read the part where you said the Wall Street criminals (I know you didn't put it that way) regularly dine at the White House, it was like someone let the air out of me. How pathetic when you put it like that.

America can not rest in peace until we see Wall Street brought to justice.
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Corriehubbs
12:31 AM on 01/17/2013
U.S. Attorney defends office's conduct in Aaron Swartz case

http://news.cnet.com/8301-1023...

Ortiz's account completely contradicts what Swartz's lawyer revealed. If she lied, I hope there is a solid exchange record to expose the truth!
08:18 AM on 01/16/2013
I wish Professor Lessig would elaborate on how Aaron was precluded from asking for financial help "without risking the ire of a district court judge" when he was facing a million dollar trial and had no money. It would appear to be yet another, very significant elementt of the government's campaign of persecution against Swartz - maybe even enough on the eve of trial to send him to the edge. How many of us get freaked out and lose perspective these days for much less money and in much less dire cicumstances?
Alex
06:17 AM on 01/16/2013
A deadly kind of cyber bullying by the state.
Let Aaron rest and his memory live, and his goals soon be reached.

All the Devils are here and Hell is empty (W.S.)
To begin, begin (W.W.)
annyp
A Canuck, eh!
02:54 AM on 01/16/2013
This is what happens when lobbyists write laws to protect themselves and want them enforced. It is high time that people with some common sense start writing laws. I just don't know what it will take. Not sure if this tragedy will do it but hopefully eyes are now opened to see how absurb some of the laws are.
07:20 PM on 01/15/2013
Shame on the U.S. Department of Justice, which supposedly does not have the prosecutorial resources to file criminal charges against true thieves of the U.S. taxpayers, i.e., the wealthy, politically connected healthcare corporations that the Justice Department says regularly and deliberately bilk the taxpayer-funded Medicare program out of millions and billions of dollars every year.

But DOJ has plenty of resources to go after Aaron Swartz?

What a travesty of justice indeed!

Read about how the U.S. Department of Justice FAILED to criminally prosecute Cleveland, Tenn.-based Life Care Centers of America, a leading nursing home chain, even after the government said that Life Care Centers of America used a “systematic scheme” to bilk millions from the taxpayer-funded Medicare program.

Nursing Home Chain Life Care Bilked Medicare of Millions, DOJ Suit Says
by Elder Abuse Exposed.com
December 16, 2012

http://elderabuseexposed.com/nursing-home-chain-life-care-centers-defrauded-medicare-millions-doj-lawsuit/
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11:16 AM on 01/15/2013
Many criminals cannot deal with the consequences of their actions when apprehended.

This boy's death is tragic ... but he was no hero.
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lele215
Thanks for reminding me why I'm an independent
02:38 PM on 01/15/2013
Don't you think it's odd that no Wall Street bankers were prosecuted with such vigor?
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03:02 PM on 01/15/2013
I have way too much experience with the legal system to waste time comparing dissimilar cases in different jurisdictions.
06:53 PM on 01/15/2013
No I don't find it odd at all, unfortunately.
04:03 PM on 01/15/2013
Did you even bother to read the editorial/eulogy? Lessig concedes that what Swartz did was morally wrong. What he's criticizing is the lack of any rational sense of proportionality in the Justice Department, and how it's also morally wrong for them to have the power of the Federal government behind them. Read again. He never called Swartz a hero. Congrats on having experience with the legal system. Now learn to read for comprehension.
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04:21 PM on 01/15/2013
Yes, Lessig injected a largely emotional and subjective perspective into the discussion .... what he finds morally wrong others will find perfectly acceptable.  What he finds 'rational' or 'proportional' will not be the same as others.  So no, I don't argue about subjective terms, what would the point be?
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Algo
my micro-biotic is just fine
12:02 AM on 01/15/2013
Thank you Prof. Lessig.
09:34 PM on 01/14/2013
Its amazing how they can try to prosecute this, but banker fraud collapsing the economy, not so much. Says everything you need to know about who is running things.
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bbarnezz
Round up the usual suspects
06:34 PM on 01/14/2013
What is the big surprise here? Laws are for the powerless, and are routinely waived for the politically connected. The government wants to send a message about controlling the internet so they drop the hammer on a minor crime while routinely ignoring the big ones.

They prosecute whistleblowers who expose corruption, while they write big checks to Halliburton and Blackwater after innocent people die.
Bankers get bonuses even after being bailed out, and no banker has been prosecuted for tanking the economy. Verizon and ATT get immunity from prosecution for violating user privacy, while you will be sent to jail for videotaping a policeman who commits a crime. It all makes perfect sense.
08:49 PM on 01/15/2013
I really think this guy was thinking right to the end. A real trial would have set precedents that would have crippled cooperative intellectual efforts forever. This way he stopped the conspirators forward motion. I like that bit about laws being for the powerless and waived for the politically connected. it may not really matter, I think we've finally managed to kill the planet, and those politically connected can see if all their cash and corruption will earn them a special place in the hereafter.
06:25 PM on 01/14/2013
While his federal prosecution certainly would have increased his stress level, it is likely that Swartz was a victim of his deep depressive illness. Based on his own descriptions of his symptoms, it appears that he suffered from disthymia, a form of permanent depressive illness that does not respond well to anti-depressants and leaves the sufferer prone to suffer deep clinical depressive episodes. The death rate by suicide of disthymia sufferers is estimated at 25%-40%.
08:37 PM on 01/14/2013
There is no doubt that he lived with depression and that chances of suicide are considerably higher for people living with depression. That still does not make the actions of the prosecutor right, nor does it mean that they don't have grave consequences. People can be vulnerable in many ways, but our humanity and our ethics insist that we do not treat them unreasonably and inhumanely and then hope that they stay strong. The prosecutors failed to exercise reasonable judgment and to serve justice.

FYI, it is unethical to try to diagnose someone so casually. Also, dysthymia (with a "y") is generally milder, although longer lasting, than a major depressive episode. The symptoms are less severe. Your suicide information seems quite suspicious - please supply links. Finally, the author kindly asked not to pathologize this case - can't you please oblige? We're discussiong the actions of the prosecutor here.
09:52 PM on 01/14/2013
I agree - it is something done all the time and it is never right. My heart is heavy with sadness for such a loss. The reasons matter none because the price was to high. I wish I had known because then I could have helped him with the funds he so badly needed. They beat you until you are finally down and out and that is how they win. They always do - whoever has the power can ruin you. They will destroy whatever is left of you especially when they see you as some threat. He was apparently some threat to who knows who - if he was this smart then one could understand why he scared them so much. No doubt they knew of his depression or whatever area he might be weak in because it is that they attack knowing that is the weakest part. And there is always a weakness somewhere. Sad for all our loss and shame which they won't care about for the case of abuse.
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jgeurian21
05:18 PM on 01/14/2013
So according to this guy only things with value can be stolen? Odd because the Federal government and US law kind of says that is not the case. These papers might have had no value to him or been given away free, but that doesn't mean you can't steal them. I have some shell casings from my grandfather's 21 gun salute during his funeral. Wortheless to everyone else and of no value to anyone except to me they are priceless. Sounds more like his judgement is a bit clouded. I was charged with littering and got a $5,000 fine and/or 1 year in jail by the DA. The judge ruled it was a $200 fine. DA file charges and judges/jurors make sentencing.
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Miss Cocoa
Government of, for, and by the people.
05:51 PM on 01/14/2013
Seriously -- fifty years worth? Jury trials cost $$$$$. Not everyone awaiting trial can afford it. We just got a $3,000 bill just for copying costs in a civil suit (and the other side has no merit.) Yet -- here we are. We lose if we don't cough up $3,000 bucks for copying. (Court ordered copying -- not our attorneys.) Today's courts are a nightmare and bring financial ruin to regular folk caught up in them for any reason. To say nothing of the stress. Our case is a nightmare -- I can't even imagine what hell that young man's life had become due to the "diligence" of the prosecutor and MIT.
11:24 PM on 01/14/2013
That is absolutely not what Mr. Lessig is saying. His point is that the prosecutors implied that Mr. Swartz was doing this for profit.

And for the record, 1) the articles were not "stolen", JSTOR was never deprived of them, 2) Aaron returned all of the content to JSTOR, and 3) if someone stole those shell casings it wouldn't be the DOJ and the Secret Service prosecuting the thief.
05:08 PM on 01/14/2013
I am so sorry! I look at that young vibrant face and I think these young idealists will go their all for their beliefs, but their bodies and minds are vulnerable and breakable. It sounds like young Aaron was broken by arrogance and ambition and overreach of the worst kind.

We are all shamed when our young idealists are so treated.
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oftenon
cartoons are the best explanation
03:02 PM on 01/14/2013
"Don't pathologize?" What's that mean? Don't martyr a suicide?
He no more sought martyrdom than money. He sought justice, freedom of expression, freedom from repression - and received its diametric opposite. He was a political conscience isolated, wrongly accused and tyrannically abused.
"What would Aaron think?" - probably that the ambivalence written all over this story is borne of guilt anyone personally connected to a suicide feels. My condolences to you, Dr. Lessig; so many share your grief, if not for the loss of a personal friend, for an exemplary spirit gone.
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jgeurian21
05:19 PM on 01/14/2013
So he broke an already open system with free acadmic papers for justice and freedome from repression?
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oftenon
cartoons are the best explanation
07:22 PM on 01/14/2013
it's nearly impossible to understand what you're saying.
Swartz spent too long at a public drinking fountain and was charged with five counts of felony assault.
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BeanTowner3985
02:41 PM on 01/14/2013
Let's make sure we look at the "Big Picture"....No US Attorney is going to proceed and prosecute a lengthy,expensive, high profile case like this one without the review & approval of the Justice Department. A case involving major Universities & precedent setting legal rulings most likely was reviewed at the highest level ! Therefore, it is likely the Attorney General gave his blessing to proceed. We need to question this Administration's decision as to which laws they WILL & WILL NOT enforce ! They WILL NOT enforce laws in the areas of immigration, drugs, and fraud (Wall ST & Bank). However, they WILL proceed in relevantly minor, non-violent infractions. WHY ?????