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Leo Hindery, Jr.

Leo Hindery, Jr.

Posted: April 27, 2010 09:29 AM

What If Summers and Romer Are Wrong Again?

What's Your Reaction:

On December 13, when the U.S. economy was still shedding jobs like water off a duck's back, Larry Summers, the Director of the President's National Economic Council, went out of his way to assert, on the record, that "everyone agrees that the Great Recession [of 2007] is over."

Those of us who believe that the health of a very large economy such as we have here in America is best measured by the economic vibrancy of its labor force -- particularly real unemployment and real wages -- found this Pollyanna-ish assertion of Summers' to be especially unwarranted and without any grounding. For at the time of his announcement, the number of real unemployed workers in the United States was 30 million, real unemployed workers represented 19 percent of the adjusted civilian labor force, and at least 10 million workers had been unemployed a half year or longer -- a figure in each case worse than at any time since the Great Depression of 1929.

Four months later (Apr. '10), when the number of real unemployed workers had improved very little despite the federal government hiring tens of thousands of temporary workers to assist with the 2010 Census, in another of his unwarranted displays of optimism, Summers said that "the process of job creation has started [and] we expect it will accelerate."

Even more concerning than Summers' several bullish pronouncements, however, was the contemporaneous assertion by Christina Romer, the Chairwoman of the White House Council of Economic Advisors and a long-time cohort of Summers', that:

"The overwhelming weight of the evidence is that the current very high levels of overall and long-term unemployment are not a separate, structural problem, but largely a cyclical one [due to] the effects of the collapse of demand caused by the crisis."

While Summers and his colleagues in the Administration have mostly been using their expressed optimism regarding the U.S. economy to justify cutting back on federal stimulus efforts when instead we should be advocating for more stimulus monies not fewer, Ms. Romer has been blaming reduced corporate and individual demand for goods and services for our nation's high real unemployment (see "Unemployment Is Tied to Big Drop in Demand").

The reason that accepting Romer's unsupported conclusion regarding 'structural' versus 'cyclical' is so much worse than just being bamboozled by Summers' unwarranted optimism, is that Romer's assertion that everything that's been going wrong in the country employment-wise can be blamed simply on being 'out of sync' timing-wise takes away any imperative for the Administration and Congress to address:

(1) The massive relative decline in manufacturing as a percent of GDP that has occurred over the last thirty years;
(2) The unfair offshoring of millions of jobs, mostly manufacturing, that occurred over the last decade or so;
(3) The nation's massive ongoing trade deficit; and
(4) The persistent income inequality that is now the greatest since 1928; or
(5) The demands from the House Populist Caucus and other Members that all focus go to "putting people back to work."

Romer's assertion, and the conviction with which she holds it, also frees up the Administration's economists and the nation's "free traders" to advance Summers' core belief -- even though almost universally discredited -- that a "job is a job" and that at any point in time drop-offs in America's manufactured goods (and, by extension, the labor force that makes them) can be made up by a favorable trade balance in such products as software, legal services, university tuition, and motion pictures.

According to a recent speech by Jeff Immelt, the CEO of General Electric, the U.S. took a macroeconomic misstep when it concluded 25 or 30 years ago "that we could move from being a technology and manufacturing-based economy to a service-based economy with a $1 trillion annual trade deficit" with no fundamental adverse result. Later, when he was asked why it was so important to keep manufacturing in the United States, he responded "American companies have to remember that we also have a responsibility to create jobs in our own country."

Well, it's pretty apparent that neither Larry Summers nor Christina Romer ever read Jeff Immelt's speech, since it's obvious to anyone whose head isn't in the sand that the four or five massive unemployment issues now plaguing the United States are mostly 'structural' and only modestly 'cyclical':

  • It's certainly not 'cyclical' when the world's largest economy runs, year after year, annual current account and trade deficits in the hundreds of billions of dollars;
  • It's certainly not 'cyclical' when the world's largest economy has seen manufacturing's share of its GDP plummet from 21% in 1980 to under 12% today, while more than 6 million high-quality jobs were shipped overseas just since 2000;
  • It's certainly not 'cyclical' when the world's largest economy has more income inequality than at any time since 1928, which was when we first started keeping track of this statistic; and
  • It's certainly not 'cyclical' when the principle of 'meritocracy' on which America was founded and under which it prospered for more than two centuries can be torn asunder in just 30 years or so.

Larry Summers has said over and over again that the Obama Administration "inherited a terrible situation," and I completely agree. Nonetheless, it's time -- in fact, it's way past time -- to play the cards we've been dealt over the past thirty years by 'Reagan-Bush-Clinton-Bush.'

For all his talk about 'resuscitating Main Street' and 'reforming Wall Street', President Obama has to date largely failed to rein in the economic policy determinations of that small group of individuals now at the center of his Administration, most of whom previously served under Bob Rubin when he was at Goldman Sachs, the Department of Treasury, or at Citibank.

As a result, with no particular suasion coming from the White House regarding either the proper makeup of America's workforce or the proper role of large financial institutions in our economy, most large multinational corporations shirked their responsibilities to save existing, and create new, jobs on Main Street. At the same time, most large investment and commercial banks have resisted with every capability they have regulations that might curtail the risky financial schemes that were such a major impetus of the 2007-2008 financial crisis.

President Obama needs to get seriously engaged in these issues, and in doing so he needs to resist the lobbyists and special interests that still unduly influence both his Administration and Congress. The President especially needs to stop his extreme over-reliance on inputs from men and women who 'studied' at the 'Bob Rubin School of Economics', a School whose theories and laissez faire 'curriculum' have for too long errantly dominated the nation's thinking when it comes to globalization and trade, the proper role of Wall Street, and the true economic and moral strength of this country.

Leo Hindery, Jr. is Chairman of the US Economy/Smart Globalization Initiative at the New America Foundation and a member of the Council on Foreign Relations. Currently an investor in media companies, he is the former CEO of Tele-Communications, Inc. (TCI), Liberty Media and their successor AT&T Broadband. He also serves on the Board of the Huffington Post Investigative Fund.


 
 
 
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Chris1962
NYC
12:35 AM on 05/01/2010
>>>Larry Summers has said over and over again that the Obama Administration "inherited a terrible situation," and I completely agree.>>>

The irony is that it's a terrible situation that Summers himself created back in the Clinton years, when he, Rubin and Greenspan fought like hell to prevent Brooksley Born from regulating the derivatives market.
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09:57 PM on 04/30/2010
You can't run a P0NZI SC4M on tangible things like manufacturing output, you need intangible things like financial "statements".
Linda from Deerfield
Paying attention
11:43 AM on 04/29/2010
Mr. Hindery, you keep saying what I've been saying -- that Immelt speech at the Detroit Economic Club -- well, it brought tears to my eyes when he said that business has taken the American people for granted. It's as though business is awakening from a dream that Americans have some magical power to generate wealth no matter how much money and opportunity is taken from them.

You are not answering the tough questions. As best I can tell, you think that manufacturing employs more and pays better than trucking and clerking, so bring it back -- but that is not an answer -- that is a recipe for increasing costs and inflation. The problem is indeed structural, but to want the entire structure upended in the middle of this disaster is unrealistic when it took 30 years to achieve it.

Your condemnations are suspicious when the stimulus was clearly aimed at spawning a new economy. Even if it is true that some wind turbines were bought from China, it may have been the best deal we'll ever see toward beginning the hard work of putting this nation back on solid ground. It may be that luring us to buy stuff is destructive when buying our neighbor's services would save us.

I desperately want to envision a way out of this mess. You are not helping if you don't address the sticky questions. It makes you seem like Larry Summers, just hawking a different story.
09:21 PM on 04/30/2010
Have you heard Leo speak before on economic issues. I have many times which I have enjoyed because he is a nice guest, while many pushing an agenda are not coherent. It should be noted that he served as Senior Economic Policy Advisor for John Edwards. I guess without bad mouthing him here, you might want to do a little bio search to make up your mind how credible he is about how to bring back America.

His disdain for Summers and Romer and the poor job they are doing is completely understandable.

Truth is, nobody has the answer. Obama is just experimenting and hoping something will stick. What everybody fails to admit is that the foundation is so busted up that short of a miracle the long-term prognosis for the US is grim. I mean that we have seen our best days unless everybody NOW is willing to make a supreme sacrifice for the future generations. I don't see that happening since our government just wants to put a hope patch on everything and cross that issue off the list of things to do.
Linda from Deerfield
Paying attention
11:34 PM on 04/30/2010
Thanks for your thoughtful response. I have not heard Leo speak, but I keep reading his articles and he always seems too interested in telling the beleaguered what they want to hear, rather than explaining why his proposals would actually work. I feel for the entire manufacturing sector -- they have lost out to Wall Street and health care. Hindery sounds more like he is lobbying for government to turn their favor toward manufacturing rather than creating an undeniable argument why it will turn the nation around. Maybe he thinks we are all just too dumb to get it, but I feel a duty to demand the math. If I had a chance, I would demand the same of Summers and Romer.

Sadly, I fear you are right that nobody has the answer, and that is a sad state of affairs for a nation with the world's highest paid CEO's and most respected academics. I'm not sure what the sacrifice is that we can make -- I'm intense about saving energy for the future and I don't understand why more people don't get into it, to the point of competing for the lowest impact innovations -- otherwise, I can't think what will help so I hound others to tell me if they have the audacity to offer a new track.
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MrBadger
04:33 PM on 04/28/2010
"the U.S. took a macroeconomic misstep when it concluded 25 or 30 years ago "that we could move from being a technology and manufacturing-based economy to a service-based economy with a $1 trillion annual trade deficit" with no fundamental adverse result."

Boy, that's the understatement of the century!
03:44 PM on 04/28/2010
"Jeff Immelt, the CEO of General Electric...'American companies have to remember that we also have a responsibility to create jobs in our own country.'"

We castigate our politicians for betrayal and allowing the collapse to happen but the people who matter most are the Jeff Immelts. Are there more CEOs out there who hold this view and what is he and others CEOs doing to solve the problem? Where do Main Street CEOs stand on the shenanigans of Wall Street?
04:03 AM on 05/01/2010
they have to make money in this system where govt encourages offshoring,outsourcing and debt
those who rebel go broke
01:51 PM on 04/28/2010
Summers is always wrong. That's the point. It's no accident. He's paid to sell the wrong position for you and the right position for banks. That's what he's done for 20 years. It's no mystery. The banks aren't waiting for Summers to be right. They're too busy rolling in the money he made being "wrong" for you. The only mystery to me is how voters allow Obama a pass on it.
01:43 PM on 04/28/2010
Obama chose these people from the same stable of democratic experts Clinton relied on and the president and these advisors are totally disconnected from the harsh reality on the ground.
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01:12 PM on 04/28/2010
Let's see: Spain is downgraded by S&P; Greece was downgraded by S&P and needs $158 billion from Germany as soon as possible to keep it's economy afloat. The Portuguese downgrade was already a sign that Europe's debt crisis would likely become contagious. Now, does the US believe that what is happening in Europe will have no repercussions here? Does the US believe that the state of Europe economy is good for America. Perhaps the US might think about how America's close ties to Europe may well export the EU's contagion to our shores. The idea that America is "out of the woods," is a myth.
01:27 PM on 04/28/2010
Agreed - no we are deep into the woods -- will likely be deep into the woods for many years to come.
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Pat Choate
12:23 PM on 04/28/2010
As a political independent, I am astounded just how tone deaf this Administration is to national unemployment and the stripping away of America's manufacturing base. Poll after poll reveals that jobs and the economy are the top one issue among American voters. Leo Hindery, Jr. so very correctly points out the source of that political and economic blindness.

Apparently, neither the President nor his advisors understand that the Administration is on a path that almost surely guarantees that they will lose effective power to govern in the November elections with either GOP control of one or both Houses of Congress or tiny Democratic majorities.

Abraham Lincoln had to fire several generals to find a winner in U.S. Grant. Hopefully, President Obama will do the same to find an economic team whose priority is more just than helping Wall Street. Excellent article.

Pat Choate
01:09 PM on 04/28/2010
Well said - I hope he is listening.
01:54 PM on 04/28/2010
Pat, who were the very first people to provide the support for Obama to get in the prez race between Clinton and populism? There's your answer. Can Obama shuck them off is the remaining question. So far, not.
12:09 PM on 04/28/2010
You say:

"...most large multinational corporations shirked their responsibilities to save existing, and create new, jobs on Main Street."

Well, they don't think they have any such responsibility. They think they have only a fiduciary responsibility to shareholders to maximize profits.

So we need strong regulatory controls that change that.
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11:51 AM on 04/28/2010
thank you Leo! The problems in our financial markets are 'structural' too. I won't hold my breath for Obama to fix it though, because his mother worked for Geithner's father at the Ford Foundation. I think the President might feel more loyalty to those ties than to the people who elected him. I he does want to change it, he will get the neo-cons thinking out of his administration now, and put in all new people
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02:26 PM on 04/28/2010
"I won't hold my breath for Obama to fix it though, because his mother worked for Geithner's father at the Ford Foundation."

If it is true, who cares, guilt by association, if you can even call it that , do you think that President Obama uses anyone's family history to make decisions for this Country?

Maybe I misunderstood this sentence, if I did I'm sorry.
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12:45 PM on 04/30/2010
I think the relationship indicates Obama is swayed by neo-con economic thinking, because that is the advice he is getting, because that is who his advisors are
11:22 AM on 04/28/2010
I hope this gets passed around the White House like an Atul Gawande article!

Watching PBS NOVA last night, I am still amazed that there are still defenders of the efficient market hypothesis in a pure form. I am 50 years old and remember stagfaltion, the crash of 87, the S&L debacle, the internet boom/bust and our current fiasco. Who is so out of touch that they do not recognize these events for what they were and are: disastrous macroeconomic and microeconomic events casued by oh so 'inefficient' humans?

I an still dumbfounded to hear that conservatives still think that the business leeches will act in the best interests of their companies. They will act in their own best interests, period. And if that means earning $100 million as they ride their company into the ground? Hey, they still have their $100 million.

Greenspan, still such an Ayn Rand dupe, that he still seems to think, exclusive of his mea culpa last year, that we can count on people to act in the ultimate interest of themselves and all will be well. Voltaire's "Best of all possible worlds," for the uber-capitalist set.
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sposton
right to tell what they don't want to hear
11:20 AM on 04/28/2010
It isn't "what if they are wrong" because they are wrong on our larger economic reality. Even if or when we are out of our technically defined problems we will continue on our long term downward trend. There is an economic recession riding on top of long term economic decline which Summer, Roper and the rest of the economics orthodoxy utterly ignore.

Our recession and our long term decline are closely related but they are not one and the same. If you don't change oil in your car because you are diverting resources to the economic elites your engine will eventually stop. Fixing the engine is not the same as fixing the original problem that caused the engine failure.
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StJames
In absentia luci tenebrae vincunt
05:25 PM on 04/28/2010
I'm not sure they ignore it so much as do all possible to cover it up.

The R & D pipeline was allowed to dry up as the 'best and brightest' went to Wharton & Wall St. rather than becoming engineers, physicists etc. I heard a Harvard Prof. speak about this at least 15 years ago...Even if we decided to miraculously reopen manufacturing facilities, we don't have enough people who would know how to run them!
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sposton
right to tell what they don't want to hear
06:34 PM on 04/28/2010
Where there is a will there is a way. Quite frankly, as a country, I don't think we can afford to continue on the current course. Alternatives may be difficult but inevitable. We must learn to do the best out of our situation. Allowing those who had brought us here to continue making decisions for the rest of us is equivalent to committing a national suicide.
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12:49 PM on 04/30/2010
these downward trends were warned of during the Reagan administration as a result of his policies by many economic writers of the time. I grew up in a Detroit suburb, and I remember my Dad saying that Reagan allowing the Japanese to dump cars on our market at less than the cost of production was foolhardy in the long term, as it would result in the eventual destruction of manufacturing capabilities. Guess we are living what the long ago warnings tried to make us take heed of. The execs did not care, and they profitted most of all.
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11:18 AM on 04/28/2010
The name Larry Summers makes me retch.

HuffPost should ban him from posting unless they condone the defrauding of the U.S.
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02:36 PM on 04/28/2010
Well, he is leaving the Administration so that hopefully will
calm your retching down, seeing less of him in photos/video
and his name not being mentioned by others on camera.
11:15 AM on 04/28/2010
I'm afraid the horses are already out of the barn and heading toward the cliff. Maybe Holden Caulfied can save them as he is running through the rye. Corporations in this country do not feel any personal responsibility for their employees or the country as a whole in any fashion. The only thing that matters is what can they do to better the bottom line and up their stock value, day by day, quarter by quarter. There is no long term goal, and it is this that is killing this society. How many idiots such as Thomas Friedman and Walter Williams do we need expounding how asking for Americans to compete against those willing to work for 35 cents an hour is now the unfortunate fact of life? Isn't the fact that you can get that toy at Walmart for $1.50 less than you can at Toys-R-Us justification for killing the American Middle class and ruining this economy on the way. Oh I forgort, we are raising the standard of living for those unfortunates in India, China, and Saipan. Silly me for thinking that we should be looking out for our interests rather than theirs. I think I'll just go back and put my head back under that rock. Good luck everyone.
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RichieB
Science is true whether you believe it or not
12:46 PM on 04/28/2010
Good points. The rising tide didn't raise all the boats but it did sink the American middle class. Despite all the evidence that a change of direction is needed I am amazed at how many uninformed people will fight financial and trade reforms.