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Liaquat Ali Khan

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Attacking Iran Is Illegal

Posted: 03/ 6/2012 1:44 pm

The United States and Israel have launched a vociferous global campaign to justify an attack on the Iranian nuclear facilities. Israel paints the Iranian nuclear program as an existential threat to itself whereas the United States characterizes the Iranian program as a peril to international peace and security. Most Western European states and some Middle Eastern states, including Saudi Arabia, view the Iranian quest for nuclear energy with suspicion and alarm. Russia and China, the permanent members of the U.N. Security Council, and numerous Muslim and non-Muslim states in Asia, Africa and, Latin America, even when they are unsure about Iran's intentions, oppose an armed attack on Iran.

As a State Party to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), Iran claims a lawful right to develop nuclear energy, just as scores of States Parties including the United States mobilize such a right to develop nuclear energy. The Iranian leaders deny, in an unambiguous language, that they intend to develop nuclear weapons. Ayatollah Khomeini, the founder of the 1979 Iranian Revolution, had opined that Islamic law prohibits the possession of nuclear weapons. Consistent with Iranian assurances, U.S. intelligence agencies believe that Iran has not made a decision to manufacture nuclear weapons.

Rejecting Iranian statements as lies, Israel, more than the United States, is planning an armed attack against Iranian nuclear plants and the associated command and control headquarters. The irony is that Israel itself possesses hundreds of nuclear weapons it has built with the covert assistance of the United States. As a self-appointed sheriff of the Middle East, Israel refuses to allow any other state in the neighborhood to develop nuclear energy. All by itself, Israel unlawfully destroyed the nuclear energy plants in Iraq and Syria. Israeli intelligence agencies assassinate Iranian scientists and nuclear engineers, an illegal course of action that no other state undertakes or endorses. The United States would commit a great wrong, argues Israel's Prime Minister, if the United States does not soon start a war with Iran.

There are two distinct reasons why an armed attack on Iran is illegal under international law, whether the attacker is Israel or the United States.

First, a violation of the NPT does not justify an armed attack. The NPT carries no war clauses for its violations. Suppose that Iran is indeed in violation of the NPT as it refuses to fully submit its nuclear facilities to satisfactory inspection by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). However, a dispute over the logistics of inspection with the IAEA does not furnish a sufficient basis in international law for any state, including the United States, to launch an armed attack against the State Party. Israel, which has not even signed the NPT, cannot invoke the failed IAEA inspections for justifying an armed attack on Iran, a founding member of the NPT. International law knows no rule under which a state that refuses to sign a treaty turns around to enforce the same treaty, by all means necessary, against a founding member of the treaty. To preempt any such adventures, the NPT Preamble specifically prohibits "the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any State."

Second, the U.N. Charter outlaws war in the following guiding principle: "All Members shall refrain in their international relations from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any state." As States Parties to the U.N. Charter, Israel and the United States violate this principle when they threaten an armed attack against Iran, again a founding member of the Charter. Israel has not yet claimed the right to self-defense under Article 51 of the Charter. However, any such claim would be dubious. There is no credible evidence that Iran is preparing an armed attack against Israel or the United States, triggering the right to self-defense. Most important, the Security Council is well aware of the Iranian problem. The efforts to persuade the Security Council to impose economic sanctions on Iran have failed. If the Security Council is opposed even to economic sanctions, it is unlikely to authorize the use of force against Iran.

Israel and the United States may petition the Security Council under Chapter VII of the U.N. Charter for the use of force to deter Iran from manufacturing nuclear weapons. Bypassing the Security Council, any armed attack on Iran will be akin to the unlawful invasion of Iraq. In that case, the attack will have zero legitimacy under international law.

 
The United States and Israel have launched a vociferous global campaign to justify an attack on the Iranian nuclear facilities. Israel paints the Iranian nuclear program as an existential threat to i...
The United States and Israel have launched a vociferous global campaign to justify an attack on the Iranian nuclear facilities. Israel paints the Iranian nuclear program as an existential threat to i...
 
 
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04:55 AM on 03/15/2012
Israel and US have recruited the international community support to justify attacking Iran. It is well known that US and Israel have made joint training to prepare themselves to attack Iranian nuclear station. On the other hand, US has provided Israel with high and advanced technology weapon. Israel thinks that Iran is the source of terrorism and threatens its national security.
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Squiriferous
Leave the gun. Take the cannoli.
12:35 PM on 03/14/2012
I thought the U.S. was trying to talk Israel out of hitting Iran.
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CapSen
Empathy. The faculty to feel what the other feels.
08:58 AM on 03/08/2012
The man is absolutely right. But then, Israel and the US, and international law, or the UN charter. Have they ever been bothered by legality?
12:54 PM on 03/13/2012
And Iran has.
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CapSen
Empathy. The faculty to feel what the other feels.
01:54 PM on 03/13/2012
Well, for one thing, it does not refuse inspections. Have the US and Israel ever been inspected, that you know of?
04:35 PM on 03/07/2012
You said it yourself, The NPT carries no war clauses for its violations. So we are good to go. If we don't they will for sure. We are pushing them into a corner. They will panic and strike out. Game over.
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philhellene
Far Left and Proud of It!
02:40 PM on 03/07/2012
So when has international law stopped war-mongers on either side? - threat of arrest and trial after the conflict? That only applies to the side that loses.
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Robert Frank
My last name is FRANK so thats what I am..
10:43 AM on 03/07/2012
NO WAR WITH IRAN
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ABDUL KADER
07:18 AM on 03/08/2012
Kudos to KIND Robert!
09:06 AM on 03/07/2012
First of all, Iran has NEVER said that it wants to destroy Israel. It has said that it does not recognize the illegal construction of the STATE of Israel, and that it wants that state to be dissolved- wiped off of the world map in the same way that the USSR is no longer on the world map. To hear so many people continue to rant about how Iran is hellbent on destroying Israel- including its people- reminds me of the 'smoking gun' rehtoric used to amass public opinion for the illegal invasion of Iraq. 80% of Americans were led like willing donkeys to be certain that Iraq had WMDs.

Second, the highest levels of Israeli government have stated that Iran is not so stupid so as to attack Israel, as its self-destruction would be assured. The argument for an attack is based on the logic that, were Iran to obtain a single nuclear weapon, that would start a ME arms race and destabilizes the region; resulting in an existentiel threat to Israel- who, by the way- now has a virtual monopoly on the ME nuke market and wants to keep it that way. The term 'existential' is used only because so many willfully ignorant people interpret it to mean that it would threaten the immediate existence of Israel- again- a threat Israel itself dimisses.

Finally, as for international law? It is law with zero teeth when applied to major powers.
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CapSen
Empathy. The faculty to feel what the other feels.
08:54 AM on 03/08/2012
f&f'd. Iran is itself surrounded by nuclear powers. It is only logical it wants to be on a par. If at all they plan to develop nuclear capability, which I doubt.
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Elizabeth Everett
People's Democracy Not Bankers' Oligarchy
08:52 AM on 03/07/2012
As a regular consumer of news here in the United States I have been very well informed about tough talk and aggression directed against Israel from its’ Arab neighbors and Iran. I have seen dozens of news clips of Ahmadinejad saying “Death to Israel” and I have seen many stories about Israeli civilians being hurt or killed but Palestinian rocket attacks. But, the mainstream press has kept me completely uninformed about any threats or bad actions coming from Israel. It is only through the internet that I have learned to consider the other side. Things like this clip about an Arab village which has been wiped out by Israel are just never shown:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xzpKvEjQEMY
Until we have a news media which truly is “fair and balanced” I will be an isolationist.
08:36 AM on 03/07/2012
If Israel really wants to attack them, they should at least use the leverage that Iran has provided to justify the act.

Actually, one wonders why Israel doesn't use the Iranians claim to wish to destroy Israel, coupled with their weapons-grade enrichment program to declare an ultimatum to Iran;

"You say you want to destroy us, you are demonstrably developing technology that will give you the ability to do so. Therefore, we reserve the right under Article 51 to defend ourselves. If you wish not to be attacked, then declare officially your peaceful intentions toward Israel by such and such a date."

If a burglar comes into my house with a gun and points it at me, saying, "I'm going to kill you," am I justified in shooting him first? I think so.

Is that, indeed, what Iran has done here? If so, then Israel is justified. Maybe. I still don't think we are, though. Has Iran threatened to destroy the US? Has it threatened to attack the US?

Finally, 'justified' or not, I think it would be a WILDLY counterproductive act, regardless who does it.
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GZLives
11:55 AM on 03/07/2012
"Has Iran threatened to destroy the US? Has it threatened to attack the US?"

Aside from the usual "Death to America, Death to Israel" Days in Iran ... most of the threats are reserved for Israel but yes they have threatened the US and Europe

""God willing, with the force of God behind it, we shall soon experience a world without the United States and Zionism." -- Mahmoud Ahmadinejad on October 26, 2005

In 2008 Iran threatend to attack US bases

In April 2010, Iran threatened that nuclear devices will go off in the US
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02:21 AM on 03/08/2012
How many countries has the US invaded and or bombed in the last 30 years?

Let's see, Iraq, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Yemen, Libya, Nicaragua, Panama, Grenada...I'm sure there are a few more but I can't remember them....

How many has Iran invaded? None.

Mistaking political rhetoric for threats is folly. Deeds speak louder than words.
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Richard Pearce
Atheistic-agnostic Canadian polymath
12:05 PM on 03/07/2012
Well, this is obviously a classic case of 'propaganda poisoning', but, given the current election season in the US, the usual course of treatment (going cold turkey on propaganda, for a couple of weeks, in cases this bad, coupled with participation in activities that will remind the patient of the difference between propaganda and reality, like participation in formal judged debates) will be impossible for the patient to follow. Perhaps a review of the difference between 'weapons grade' and 'non-weapons usable' would tide the patient over until the situation changes so that he can have a period of time when there will not be people calling him to forcefeed him propaganda. http://www.ornl.gov/sci/radiation_transport_criticality/HopperPubs/DefWeaponsUsableU-233ORNLTM13517.pdf
12:36 PM on 03/13/2012
And you are, of course, immune to this 'propaganda poisoning.'

Just what is the point you are trying to make in your babbling and link??
08:09 AM on 03/07/2012
The question of legality is never an important consideration in our war planning because we don't care and the world can't do anything about it. Our unnecessary slaughter in Iraq was pronanly illegal but it didn't siop us because international law is only for the weak and the losers. Israel has violated more UN resolutions than all the other countries on earth combined but we blindly support them with our vetoes. American officials who talk about international law and war crimes committed by other countries are complete hypocrites and we should be honest enough to admit this obvious fact.
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Ukridge
“If there’s a bustle in your hedgerow, don’t
08:47 AM on 03/07/2012
Bush is gone.
11:02 AM on 03/07/2012
And Gitmo is still open.
nschomer
Scientifically Progressive Libertarian Socialist
01:16 PM on 03/07/2012
And yet his legacy lives on. Guantanamo, NDAA, drone strikes (even against American citizens abroad).
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GZLives
12:03 PM on 03/07/2012
Iraq has nothing to do with the situation in Iran ..

Israel has violated UN resolution designed by the Arab League and supported by 52 Muslim Countries ? Surprise surprise.

The very same gang that indoctrinates it's people that Jews are descended from pigs and apes and should all be killed?
http://vimeo.com/35139757
08:01 AM on 03/07/2012
thank you . . great article . . . there is no need for war . . . the neo cons are still at it . . . that's the problem .. .
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GZLives
12:04 PM on 03/07/2012
There is no need for war - just a need to destroy nuclear facilities that are making weapons of war
which I'm sure you would support Macready because as you said "there is no need for war"
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PermanentVacancy
Those who do not move, do not notice their chains.
01:58 PM on 03/07/2012
bombs are wars. If not ,let me drop one on your house and see if you applaude , eh?
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Sonic hedgehog
A true word needs no oath
02:12 PM on 03/07/2012
There is no guarantee that action wouldn't start a war. Wars have been started for much less.
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tmm77625
The winner is the one who stops first
01:57 PM on 03/07/2012
Yes, Obama is a neocon. Great logic there.
07:48 AM on 03/07/2012
Oh dearie me, professor Ali says attacking Iran is illegal. I guess threatening other countries with missile attacks and acts of terrorism is too, unless it's a medievalist religious fundamentalist regime doing it.
10:32 AM on 03/07/2012
selective western memory ?
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GZLives
12:05 PM on 03/07/2012
F&F
07:20 AM on 03/07/2012
Given a choice of animation by Iran or "breaking the law", it's clear what Israel would do.
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Silverfern
07:54 AM on 03/07/2012
Except that is not the choices. You can't just make up two choices and go for the lesser evil.
08:37 AM on 03/07/2012
Israel is pretty animated without any help by Iran, thank you!
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PerryLogan
We don't want your guns; we just want your women.
06:38 AM on 03/07/2012
In related news: targeted assassinations are illegal.
07:20 AM on 03/07/2012
Why do you call them assassinations ?
08:37 AM on 03/07/2012
Because they are?

How are they not?
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PermanentVacancy
Those who do not move, do not notice their chains.
02:02 PM on 03/07/2012
Thats exactly what they are.............period.
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Ukridge
“If there’s a bustle in your hedgerow, don’t
08:32 AM on 03/07/2012
That is not what legal scholars say.
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PerryLogan
We don't want your guns; we just want your women.
08:56 AM on 03/07/2012
"Targeted assassinations violate well-established principles of international law. Also called political assassinations, they are extrajudicial executions. These are unlawful and deliberate killings carried out by order of, or with the acquiescence of, a government, outside any judicial framework.

"Extrajudicial executions are unlawful, even in armed conflict. In a 1998 report, the United Nations Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions noted that "extrajudicial executions can never be justified under any circumstances, not even in time of war." The U.N. General Assembly and Human Rights Commission, as well as Amnesty International, have all condemned extrajudicial executions."

http://www.marjoriecohn.com/2011/05/targeted-assassination-of-osama-bin.html
11:04 AM on 03/07/2012
Don't worry folks - Eric Holder's got the US' right to extra judicial killings all sorted.
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06:34 AM on 03/07/2012
This is the lie that unravels that whole article:

"There is no credible evidence that Iran is preparing an armed attack against Israel or the United States, triggering the right to self-defense."

China and Russia's refusal to allow harsher sanctions on Iran are going to guarantee an eventual war. I have to wonder if that is their goal.
08:59 AM on 03/07/2012
Is it a lie?

It may be true, right now, if only because they don't have a weapon to use yet. It may be semantics, only, but they may not be 'preparing an armed attack'. Yet.

Given that, has Iran threatened to attack the US? I'm not sure, but I don't think it has?

I think it has threatened to attack Israel? If so, arming with that capability might justify a 'defensive attack'. Maybe.

I grew up in an era when we believed that our enemy should always get the first shot. Nukes don't change the game. They just make that first shot hurt a lot more.

So, if we wait, we could get nuked.

Should we always attack any country developing technology that could do us harm? How much harm?

Or, how much must they dislike us, before we are justified? Does just doing things we don't like qualify? What if they say they don't like us? Must they pound their shoe in the rostrum in the UN - is that sufficient - "we will bury you"?

What if they are an authoritarian country we are wary of, and who will be more powerful than we in a generation?

Does that make it OK to attack China today, because we'll be weaker than they are in 20-30 years? How could that be justified? ("It's all in self-defense"?)

Note that Germany started the bloodiest wars in history (WW I and WW II), based on that calculation. Was that right?
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writerjohnny
09:18 AM on 03/07/2012
Please link to the proof of credible evidence.
12:47 PM on 03/13/2012
I'd like a link also, please.