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Lincoln Mitchell

Lincoln Mitchell

Posted: May 28, 2009 08:34 PM

Supreme Courts and Party Politics


This has been a week of contrasts for our judiciary system. On Tuesday while the California Supreme Court handed down a decision that is the 21st century answer to Plessy v. Ferguson, President Obama announced the nomination of Second Circuit Supreme Court Appeals Judge Sonia Sotomayor for the US Supreme Court.

While the decision by the California Supreme Court upheld a discriminatory ballot initiative, it should not have been a surprise. The vote by the California Supreme Court was not even close as Proposition 8 was upheld by a 6-1 majority. The lone dissenter was Justice Carlos Moreno. Much of the coverage of the decision overlooked the important point that the vote was on, excuse the pun, straight party lines. All six judges who voted in the affirmative had been initially appointed by Republican governors. Moreno is the only Supreme Court justice in California appointed by a Democrat.

The reason for this decision had less to do with constitutionality and the merits of the arguments, but more with simple partisan politics. Since Jerry Brown left office in January 1983, California has had Republican governors for 22 out of 26 years. This more than anything else has influenced the makeup of the Supreme Court, and this decision, in California.

Party line votes do not occur on every vote in the California, US, or other Supreme Courts, but they are not unheard of, particularly on the bigger cases. In recent years, the most famous Supreme Court party line vote was, of course, Bush v. Gore, which landed George W. Bush in the White House.

For conservatives, however, it was a mixed day. While the California decision about Proposition 8 was a victory for them, the nomination of Sonia Sotomayor by President Obama was a reminder that the long term looks less rosy for conservatives. While some on the left may not be entirely pleased with the Sotomayor nomination, she is, in many respects, the worst possible nominee from the perspective of the right. Sotomayor meets or exceeds the resume requirements for Supreme Court Justices in recent years. She also enjoys a good reputation, and like the president who nominated her, a compelling, and even uplifting personal story. Beating up on a Latina woman who played by the rules, worked hard and rose to the top of her profession is not a strategy that will help the Republicans get out of their current rut, yet the evidence so far suggests they may not be wise enough to put down that particular shovel and stop digging.

What seems to irk conservatives is that Sotomayor, as well as many of her supporters, have suggested that her background may inform some of the ways she interprets the laws and therefore decides on future cases. Interestingly, none of these conservatives seemed to question whether the personal backgrounds of the six straight Supreme Court justices who voted to uphold Proposition 8 in California, informed their views or narrow definition of marriage.

The notion that it is somehow a problem that Sotomayor's background will contribute to her decisions and views is troubling. Of course, Sotomayor's background informs her decisions, just as Chief Justice John Roberts' background, and extreme ideological views, inform his. This is why presidents make appointments to the Supreme Court, and perhaps why we have a Supreme Court at all -- so that qualified legal minds can bring a range of backgrounds and experiences to bear on difficult and important legal and constitutional questions.

Although the inevitability of personal background and ideology having an impact on how justices make decisions should be axiomatic, there is still some superstition surrounding this issue. It is almost as if a "don't ask, don't tell" policy is applied to potential justices. Senators and others tacitly agree not to ask about ideology and personal views, while nominees agree not to tell too much. Instead, the issue which always seems to come up in hearings, from both sides of the aisle depending on the party which opposes the nomination, is how the nominee views the role of the court, an interesting question to be sure, but one that has become something of a red herring often obscuring the true nature of the nominee.

Many Americans, are less concerned with Sotomayor's views regarding the role of the courts, but understand the import of Sotomayor's background and are pleased to see our president nominate her. Many of us voted in November so that backgrounds like Sotomayor's could inform decisions made by our highest court.

This week, California showed us the judicial past where courts dominated by conservatives, unrepresentative of the people for whom they are determining laws, restrict constitutional rights. Judge Sotomayor and President Obama showed us the future. The Republicans must be aware of this too, but their desperation to try to stop this progress is already showing.


This has been a week of contrasts for our judiciary system. On Tuesday while the California Supreme Court handed down a decision that is the 21st century answer to Plessy v. Ferguson, President Obama...
This has been a week of contrasts for our judiciary system. On Tuesday while the California Supreme Court handed down a decision that is the 21st century answer to Plessy v. Ferguson, President Obama...
 
 
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11:41 PM on 05/30/2009
Your arguements lose all credibility when you look at the court history. Just a few months ago the SAME judges ruled that same sex marriages should be allowed under the California Constitution.

You claim "The reason for this decision had less to do with constitutionality and the merits of the arguments, but more with simple partisan politics...has influenced the makeup of the Supreme Court, and this decision, in California." If that were true the California Supreme court would NEVER have made the ruling last year allowing same sex marriage.

The same court ruled that indeed the people do have the right to change the constitution this week. That change was to make the constitution match California state law in defining marriage.
10:59 PM on 05/29/2009
Characterization of the California decision as the result of a conservative-packed court restricting rights is off the mark and even silly in light of the same Court's decision that preceded and led to Proposition 8. More probably the decision speaks to the danger of a having a majority-vote constitutional amendment process and, perhaps even more importantly, having a Supreme Court with judges who can consider cases and issue decisions without being under the cloud of a threatened recall on much the same basis.
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bighat
Truth as I see it
02:07 PM on 05/30/2009
California may have Republican governors but I would not call them conservative. A republican in California is just right of Streisand, Sarandon and Robert Reiner. These republicans would be considered far left in any other state with the exception of Massachuetts.
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billw8017
History looks like this
01:36 PM on 05/31/2009
California has its own right wing nuts. Orange county was the home of the John Birch Society which claimed, among other things, that Dwight Eisenhower was a Communist mole dedicated to destroying the United States. Term limits and tax cuts are the right wing's bread and butter. It has produced an inexperienced state legislature led about by the lobbyists as with the energy bill of 2000. Drug and 3 strike laws created the huge prison system joining roads and schools as state expenses. I can't blame the Republican government of California for all the deficit since all states are hurt by declining revenue in an economic collapse, but money was tight even in good times.
03:23 PM on 05/30/2009
Thus along the repub congressmen who got BOOOed if they dared to show up at a CA Tea Party.

Learn the truth about the Tea Parties.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-t_rCdR5Ti4
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chriss0114
the meanderings of a madman
09:03 PM on 05/30/2009
you mean the FOX sponsored parties?
09:49 PM on 05/29/2009
OMG... "This week, California showed us the judicial past where courts dominated by conservatives, unrepresentative of the people for whom they are determining laws, restrict constitutional rights."

I'm shocked you're an assistant professor at Columbia... proves the point by Dennis Prager (Columbia Grad.) - "Only someone with an ivy league education could say something so stupid."

First, Calif. dominated by conservative judges - laughable!

Second, the symbol of the justice has a blind fold on. Why is that?

Judges represent (if you will) the law not politics, demographics or polls... Wize-up!
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JustMyWords
11:11 AM on 05/30/2009
Well, technically, the blindfold on the system of justice is the ideal, but the fact that the image meets the ideal doesn't mean that actual PEOPLE meet the ideal.

Justices don't represent the law. They interpret the law. The law, on the other hand, should serve the people.

But I will agree with you that the premise of the article is flawed. Not because it's laughable to think of California being dominated by conservative judges - actually, there are far more judges on the bench appointed by conservative politicians than by liberal politicians in California. But since the same panel of judges made the original decision recognizing gay marriage, it's a bit silly to now decide they're basing decisions on their personal feelings regarding the subject.

Of course, the decision they just made didn't actually have anything to do with gay marriage, despite all the media hype to the contrary. The question at issue was whether the California ballot proposition procedure was used legally.
01:57 AM on 05/31/2009
The image defines what the 'law' is all about.... that is, no politics, no personal axe to grind. Judges do not interpret the law (per-say) they judge the case based on the law, nothing more...
12:16 PM on 05/30/2009
I agree with wake up. Who would ever call california juges conservative? What a laugh. Dictator Obama is turning us into one of those banana republics. Your 2010 vote for Congress is very important. It should be called "SAVE THE GOOD OLD USA".
06:04 PM on 05/29/2009
The supreme court of California UPHELD the will of the people as expressed in a fair and proper election, 52% to 48%, wherein the democractic majority stated they DID NOT APPROVE of gay and lesbian marriages. End of case.

Liberals complained that the Supreme Court over-ruled the will of the people and actually elected George W. Bush - so, now, they want the court to over-rule the will of the people AGAIN! Hypocritical.
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JustMyWords
11:07 AM on 05/30/2009
The will of the people, end of case, huh?

So, next year, or the next, it comes up before "the people" again. And in that fair and proper election, it is decided, 52% to 48%, that same-sex marriages MUST be recognized. You're going to say, "OK, cool, it's the will of the people," right?

So let's go a step further. When that 52% votes to recognize same-sex marriage, they also vote that anyone who performs any marriage must perform all legally recognized marriages. No picking and choosing, if someone has a license, you gotta marry 'em. Because, after all, that's the will of the people.

And, oh, before you decide to toss out the "freedom of religion" argument - nope, sorry. Two problems with that. By your logic, the will of the people is all-important. You don't get to say "the will of the people" when it's convenient, and "my rights" when it's not. And second, you have no problem with "the will of the people" trampling on MY religious rights. My religious beliefs don't include a prohibition against same-sex marriage, but my minister isn't allowed to perform legal marriages now. So, only sounds fair that if the "will of the people" says so, your minister should HAVE to perform them.
05:13 PM on 05/29/2009
I pretty much agree with Mr. Dwyer. I think it is time we restored the separation of church and state with regard to marriage. If a couple wants a civil ceremony only, the state should permit any two people who are of age (as determined by that state) to have one. I'm not sure what term we should use for the couple since "unionized" has already been taken. If two people want to become joined as a couple in a religious ceremony performed by the religious leader of their choosing, in addition to being of age in their state, they would also need to meet the requirements of that religion. Since the result is the same, legally speaking, both couples can be considered married. After all, the method by which they attained that status is no more relevant than how someone obtained their high school diploma - public school or private, GED or home schooled.
05:08 PM on 05/29/2009
I was struck by the NYT front page headline today: "Nominee's Links with Advocates Fuel Her Critics" together with "Sotomayor Once Served on Board of a Puerto Rican Legal Fund." My instant reaction was:
And how many corporate boards have the rest of the gang served on? During the primaries this was a major concern of mine against Hillary Clinton, since I see a conflict of interest between serving The People and serving Wal-Mart.
04:44 PM on 05/29/2009
The judges may have thought they were deciding what is fair for the majority of the people, they overlooked one of the fundamental purposes of the State Supreme Court; that is, to protect the human and civil rights of minorities against the tyranny of a majority opinion. It saddens me to realize how many haters voted to take my rights away last November. Pure hatred for homosexuals is at the base of everyone of those votes and it's time someone said it. I'm tired of hearing that the issue was tradition; marriage is between a man and woman. This song and dance just just blew a smokescreen behind which the haters could go on hating.
06:30 PM on 05/29/2009
Flame much??? Try reading the decision that the judges gave instead of reading headline. No legal rights have been denied to you. CA already has the domestic partnership laws. The ONLY dispute is the actual word marriage. You are flaming about what title your partnership should be called. I fail to see the homosexuals marriage water fountains anywhere.
07:00 PM on 05/29/2009
we were denied the same rights as heterosexuals. that's not flaming, dude. it's stating a fact. Haters never understand the facts anyway.
02:54 PM on 05/30/2009
Funny how you think that someone who disagrees with you is a hater. I bet that you didnt know some of my BEST friends are gay. But how could this be if I am such a hater as you claim. I am curious what rights have been denied to you as a consequence of this decision?? Do you have to use seperate bathrooms??? Can you not name you domestic partner as the beneficiary of your life insurance policy??? Do you have to go to homosexual marriage only restaurants???
Typical leftist style tht you have though. Do not look at the facts. Scream HATE or BIGOT instead of backing up your opinion with facts.
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04:03 PM on 05/29/2009
If the judicial process is as prejudiced as you describe it to be, then the entire constitution, and everything that it protects is a joke, and so is this country!

If this supreme injustice, the upholding of proposition 8, isn't reversed by the federal courts, this country, doesn't deserve my tax dollars, and it's citizens don't deserve my talents. And, to anyone who would have me ask their permission to get married, here is my middle finger, and go to hell!
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bighat
Truth as I see it
03:15 PM on 05/29/2009
It is sad to see any decision based on party lines. Do our elected officials ever consider their constituents or do they just call the head office of their party to learn how to vote.

We might be helped if our redisticting was no longer designed for the re election of incumbents but represent cities or in large cities neighborhoods instead of computer designed maps to further the interest of the dems or repubs.

Short of this we are going to need a 3rd or maybe 4 parties not based on a particular agenda (like the green party) but parties that will vote based on the wishes of their constitutents not the DNC or the RNC.

I live in Lubbock TX. City of just over 200,000. But this small city has a minimum of two and sometime 3 different US congressman (representatives) because the lines are drawn from Amarillo to Lubbock and the Midland/Odessa Area. The needs of these 3 cities (all in the 200k pop range) are completely different. This makes it hard for any of the 3 different areas to get what they want/need because the neighbor across the street may very well have a different representative.

I have seen districiting maps that run along highways and looks like a child's drawing. The majority of us voted for change and I hope we get it.
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01:58 PM on 05/29/2009
Future generations will wonder why we let traitors, seditionists, and war criminals pontificate about our Supreme Court nominees.
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bighat
Truth as I see it
02:08 PM on 05/30/2009
Has greeper posted the same comment on every article in huffpost
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truthmachine
01:56 PM on 05/29/2009
This article is grossly ignorant. The same California Supreme Court and the same majority author wrote a brilliant, rights-expanding decision in May that established sexual preference as a category on a par with gender and race. It isn't the court's fault that a) the Calfornia initiative process is a travesty, allowing changes to the constitution with a majority vote, and b) a majority of California voters (but not a majority of Californians by any means) voted for Prop 8. The anti-Prop 8 campaign was badly mismanaged, and we lost. We'll do better next time. But the notion that it is the fault of Republicans on the court -- the same sort of Republicans as Earl Warren and David Souter, a dying breed -- is utterly wrong-headed.
04:10 PM on 05/29/2009
California is already straing under the weight of its easily changed constitution. This is one more straw. I hope it is overturned via the equal protection clause of the US constitution, but I understand why this failed to meet the threshold for a revision, and do not automatically call it partison even if I don't agree with the eventual results the decision generates.
01:30 PM on 05/29/2009
Conflating the Prop 8 decision and Sotomayor as examples of conservatives in action is really apples and oranges. I'm not happy with the Prop 8 decision, but it was entirely predicatable.

The only argument the challengers had was that it constituted a revision rather than an amendment of the Cal Constitution, a very difficult argument to make. Even the equal protection argument was rooted in the idea that infringing equal protection "amounts" to a revision of the constitution. There is considerable precedent to the contrary, so it was extremely unlikely the court would have agreed this was a revision. It's difficult to see how a liberal court could have ruled otherwise. The problem was the challengers had a weak legal argument because of the structure of the Cal Constitution, not because of the nature of their cause.

You forget the "Marriage cases" where this same court held the statutory equivalent of Prop 8 violated the equal protection clause of the Cal Const and struck that statue down - hardly an example of a "conservative court" hostile to gay marriage.

This time however, the constituion itself was changed, eliminating that argument. That, and the precedents on amendments and revisions pretty well dictated the results for this case. This decision is certainly not on a level of Plessy v. Ferguson.
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12:42 PM on 05/29/2009
I see as much failure to understand the role of courts on the liberal side as there usually is on the conservative side with their complaints about "activist judges". The matter before the court was ruling on the procedure of passing proposition 8, not the content of proposition 8. The proposition needs to be challenged on the proper grounds for them to strike it. I'll be glad when that abominable bit of discrimination is finally ended. It is truly tragic that it ever passed in the first place. I expected better of my fellow Californians. The stain will never completely disappear.
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gypsy508
12:25 PM on 05/29/2009
This is the problem with seeing the world as either Democrat or Republican. The fact is the same court, at that time somewhat unprecedented, voted 4-3 granting gay marriage. (Was there a complaint about who appointed them then?) What happened in between was the voters amended the Constitution themselves.
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K.J. Dwyer
American Ex-Pat/Writer
11:41 AM on 05/29/2009
With regards to the state, marriage is, first and last, a civil contract. The proof of this is that when one seeks to dissolve a marriage, they don't go to their priest, minister or rabbi to get a divorce; they go to court.

The fundamental problem with marriage in the United States is that clergy are allowed to administer the civil contract of marriage. Yes, people have to obtain a marriage licence through the public sector, but practically any ordained "minister" can perform a legal marriage once that licence is obtained.

By giving the power of the state to the clergy to administer civil contracts, the United States has blurred the line between the Separation of Church and State and allowed religious bigotry to "define" what a marriage is.

If every citizen were required to stand in front of a judge to get legally married, the incoherent rants of religious bigots would be relegated to their proper, marginal place and this whole initiative to deny gay people the franchise of marriage would be a non-starter.

To that end, there should be a counter-initiative to deny the clergy the power to perform civil contracts. I'm sure such an initiative would lose at the ballot box, but it would highlight what is a fundamental flaw and inequity in the system and might make the religious think twice before denying others their civil rights.
12:25 PM on 05/29/2009
I LOVE this idea
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Paulied
01:54 PM on 05/29/2009
I suggest they start collecting signaturesfor an initiative in California where a simple majority could decide.