iPhone app iPad app Android phone app Android tablet app More

Featuring fresh takes and real-time analysis from HuffPost's signature lineup of contributors

The last few "Shadow Elite" columns have examined the troubling expansion of executive powers in recent decades. The 2008 financial bailout delivered yet more unchecked authority to the executive branch. As Yale constitutional law expert Jack Balkin puts it, "the Treasury Secretary [took] over a sizable chunk of the nation's capital ... markets. Because [he] is effectively unreviewable, he [had the power to] make sweetheart deals with .... firms .... that got us into this mess." This week, a look at the influence of the firm that critics say landed one of those so-called sweetheart deals, and now faces charges of fraud for some of its own dealings: Goldman Sachs. -Janine R. Wedel

----------------------------------------------------

Americans justifiably furious with Wall Street conduct, and the havoc it's caused, might be comforted by news that regulators are taking Goldman Sachs to court, alleging fraud. They shouldn't be. Even as President Obama speaks today about plans to get tough on Wall Street machinations, the public shouldn't lose sight of the bigger picture of Goldman, and its powerful alumni. As the New York Times said this week, this is "the bank at the center of more concentric circles of economic and political power than any other on Wall Street."


With just one Goldman employee actually named in that civil suit, the most insidious scandal has little to do with accusations of outright fraud by a few bad apples. Top Goldman officials, former officials, and their allies, have been thoroughly enmeshed in Washington financial decision-making for nearly two decades, moving back and forth in short order between Wall Street and White House positions of power in what has been called an "evolving door."

These power brokers have made fateful economic decisions in ways that defy our expectations of accountability, and in which their agendas are impossible to fully discern. The average citizen had no voice in these decisions, and no way to even understand how they were made. Barry Lynn, author of Cornered: The New Monopoly Capitalism and the Economics of Destruction, says America's political economy "..is run by a compact elite ....with almost complete freedom [to determine] who wins, who loses, and who pays."

Robert Rubin is at the red-hot center of this shadow scandal. Players like Rubin represent a new breed of nimble power-broker Janine calls in her book Shadow Elite "flexians." Flexians move seamlessly back and forth among venues of influence when a new opportunity arises, furthering their own (not-fully-revealed) agendas and those of their associates.

As Treasury Secretary under President Clinton, the former Goldman co-chairman bears considerable responsibility for repealing regulatory laws that allowed banks to expand into diverse new businesses, to get bigger and bigger, or, in today's parlance, "too big to fail." And he vigorously opposed regulating derivatives, the financial "innovation" that was the dynamite under the U.S financial system, waiting to blow. In the years that followed, Rubin would go on to enrich his next employer and himself as Citigroup's director, enjoying the benefits of the deregulatory environment he helped create, earning $126 million in his time there and departing with $33 million in stocks. Thus, the "regulator" and the "regulated" became, in a sense, one and the same.

Flexians also test both the rules of accountability of government and the codes of competition of business. Rubin, for instance, raised eyebrows when, at Citigroup in 2001, he contacted an acquaintance at the Treasury Department to asked if the department could convince bond-rating agencies not to downgrade the corporate debt of Enron, a debtor of Citigroup.

But even as his role in the economic collapse was starting to draw some scrutiny, Rubin found new opportunity once again, when President Obama came to power. (For the shadow elite, unlike the rest of us, failure is not a barrier to future success.)

He was named to Obama's Economic Transition Team and served as an unofficial advisor to the White House. President Obama named Rubin's proteges Timothy Geithner and Larry Summers, another foe of derivatives regulation, to the top two economic positions in the administration. Many members of Obama's economic team have done stints at Citigroup or Goldman Sachs.

Beyond Rubin, Goldman's fingerprints can be seen all over the fateful bailout meetings that handed hundreds of billions of taxpayer dollars over to distressed banks, including ... Goldman. The company recovered all $14 billion it was owed from the collapsing American International Group Inc., after meetings in the offices of (now-Treasury Secretary) Geithner, then the head of the New York Federal Reserve Bank. Critics say then-Treasury Secretary and ex-Goldman chief Henry Paulson helped steer that outcome, but will we ever really know?

Paulson brought in several recently "retired" Goldman bankers to assist in the bailout, including Dan Jester. He was hired as a "contractor", not a government employee, with far fewer rules to contend with, and he appeared to be Paulson's de facto representative in these high-stakes meetings. Jester's story is a stark example of the flexian in action: a player whose influence isn't conveyed by mere titles, who fuses state and private power, and for whom the question "who is he?" is difficult to answer. William Cohan, writing in the New York Times , summed up what this "contractor" was involved in.

Jester seems to have had his finger in every pie: the rescue of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, the bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers, the A.I.G. calamity, the decisions to bailout Citigroup, G.M. and Chrysler, and the creation of the Troubled Asset Relief Program.

Cohan cites a report suggesting Jester was holding Goldman stock during much of his backroom negotiating. Whose interests was Jester representing during those meetings that would affect the entire global economy? Again, we may never know. The Times reported in 2008 this: "...according to the Treasury Department, [Jester was] hired as [a contractor] and [is] not required to disclose [his] financial holdings."


And consider this account of Goldman's shadow influence, from a Washington Post review of Andrew Ross Sorkin's book Too Big to Fail:

Sorkin documents a meeting .... between [Secy.] Paulson ... (former head of Goldman Sachs), and the board of Goldman Sachs. As the storm clouds gathered at the end of June 2008, Paulson spent an evening talking substance with the board -- while agreeing not to record this "social" meeting in his official calendar. We do not know the content of the conversation, but the appearance of this kind of exclusive interaction shows how little our top officials care about public perceptions of favoritism.

Were Goldman, Citigroup and other firms "too big to fail"? The former chief executive of Washington Mutual, the largest U.S. bank ever to fail, told a Senate hearing last week that these firms were actually "too clubby to fail", and WaMu was not in the club. Though he has obvious bias, it's hard not to see some truth in that statement.


Robert Rubin also appeared before a Senate hearing earlier this month, but stopped short of accepting a measure of personal responsibility for the economic calamity, even as his former boss, President Clinton, said in an interview that Rubin and others were wrong about derivatives, and that he was wrong to take their advice. It seems unlikely that we will see a full-throated apology from Rubin: admissions of mistakes are rare among the shadow elite, and as we said, flexians like Rubin seem impervious to the consequences of failure. The New York Times did note, however, that Rubin appeared "demoralized" by the questioning. Surely less demoralized than the millions who, over the last few years, have lost their homes, jobs, and life savings.


Note: Here's a jaw-dropping look at the dizzying complexity of the deal at the heart of the SEC's fraud suit against Goldman Sachs. And here Arthur Delaney breaks it down in simple terms.


 
 
 
  • Comments
  • 155
  • Pending Comments
  • 0
  • View FAQ
Comments are closed for this entry
View All
Favorites
Recency  | 
Popularity
Page: 1 2 3 4 5  Next ›  Last »  (5 total)
08:04 PM on 04/23/2010
The problem is that through the manufacture and sale of many copies of made-to-fail mortgages and "structured securities", all essentially Ponzi products, and the credit default swap insuring of those, multiple times each for each of the multiple copies made of each "index" mortgage or collateralized debt obligation copies were made from (this was made possible by Morgan Stanley, the inventor of the Credit Default Swap defining CDS insurance instruments "investment instruments"), huge amounts of money were swindled from a lot of different sources around the world, some of those " competitor" sovereign nations. Enough of the money stolen from those to satisfy them has to be filtered back, to prevent them making a world-wide legal fuss which could include legal demands for surrender of real collaterals, to be delivered into the lawful possession of foreign nations, who could make them sovereign territory. Think a Louisiana Purchase in reverse; we bought it, we can sell it, it can be foreclosed... For the need to prevent a few United states becoming "China-Owned" (for example) the sufferings of the American peasantry, the credit-starving of their small businesses, etc. must be ignored. It is the big financiers who who oversaw and facilitated the big swindles who must clear up the mess: They know about it and its details, and the fewer who do and need to the better.
11:16 AM on 04/23/2010
I get the impression too that it's more of a smoke screen as the Gov shakes it's left hand keeping us from seeing what the right hand is doing. Or holding.
photo
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
JDShipley
I drink coffee, therefore I am.
09:49 AM on 04/23/2010
In favor of dumping Summers and Geithner:

http://www.economywatch.com/economy-business-and-finance-news/goldman-sachs-fabrice-tourre-and-the-SEC-obamas-double-game-or-pandoras-box%E2%80%93or-both-20-04.html
photo
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
JDShipley
I drink coffee, therefore I am.
09:45 AM on 04/23/2010
What will break this? The emails from employees recognizing what they were telling investors was a lie? The pressure on the ratings agencies? Should ratings agencies even be private? I'm deeply disappointed that Obama won't flush his administration of these folks.
08:36 AM on 04/23/2010
What we are watching now in Washington, D.C. and Wall street is one of the most colorful Kabuki Dances of the century. I hate to say this, but Boehner and McConnell are essentially correct, they don't know what they are talking about, but the words are right. Here are some tips. When you hear phrases and words like "too big to fail", exotic, leverage,, hedge, complicated, open a thesaurus and you get too big to fail=we own 90 senators who voted to overturn Glass-Steagal 1999. exotic=derivatives, or stuff we trade late at night in the shadows of legal, leverage=gambling with other peoples money or on credit, hedge fund= driving down the market by selling enough borrowed stocks to drive the market down and buying back low, (i.e.sell high buy low according to a Mr. Buffett). Complicate=well, don't bend over and pick up the soap. Here is a clue. How many of you knew that if we printed more money the dollar would go down and if we were bright like those Wall street guys we could buy a bunch of Canadian dollars and the Canadian dollar would go from .60 on the dollar to parady? See how smart we are.
08:21 AM on 04/23/2010
Goldman Sachs' very strategy has been to operate unethically, at times illegally, at all sides of the table and to make clients, competitors and democratic institutions FEAR them rather than respect them. While many are and have been partners at GS in various capacities, only very few single-minded people have developed its utterly perverted goals and strategies over the last 20 years. Read "The Partnership - A History of Goldman Sachs" by Charles D. Ellis.
08:48 AM on 04/23/2010
YUP and they call this creating wealth. What upsets me even more is that, Geithner and Summers are defending these massive global gambling houses, "casinos". The Dodd bill is essentially; Gramm-Leach Bliley. aka "The Financial Modernization Act" 1999. This act essentially gutted "Glass-Steagal" 1933. Why did they push Paul Volcker off the stage"
This user has chosen to opt out of the Badges program
photo
04:12 AM on 04/23/2010
"Americans justifiably furious with Wall Street conduct, and the havoc it's caused, might be comforted by news that regulators are taking Goldman Sachs to court, alleging fraud. They shouldn't be. "

Is this a joke? They are taking on ONE guy from GS! in a civil lawsuit. NOT Federal
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
fourbrrl
07:46 AM on 04/23/2010
Yup...he just became the "fall guy" to make the public THINK something's being done here....AAAARRRRGGGHHH
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
mr d
02:03 AM on 04/23/2010
Interesting that these individuals(Rubin and the like) transcend political affiliation, and it does not matter who is in power party-wise, they seem to be in the game to protect wealth for the wealthy, furthermore, there is never any real outrage or focused demonstrations.

Give the less fortunate a bone, and all hell breaks loose leading to claims of government handouts, and people being labeled lazy.

It seems as though it does not matter who is voted in to serve the public, the respective staffs are the usual suspect working against the interest of the common individuals.
This user has chosen to opt out of the Badges program
02:00 AM on 04/23/2010
I saw a good idea on here the other day.
No member of Congress (or the Senate) can take an industry job for 4-5 years after they leave public office. If they violate, they lose their taxpayer funded lifetime retirement and health care benefits.
08:54 AM on 04/23/2010
DITTO, How about "NEVER"?
12:10 AM on 04/23/2010
(For the shadow elite, unlike the rest of us, failure is not a barrier to future success.)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
In Capitalism does a failure in which you enrich yourself really constitue failure? I am suspecting Capitalists like Rubin do have another definition of failure than most other people do.
In their world, trashing the company, the country or even the world is not a failure as long as it leads to enriching themselves and their peons.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
mr d
01:51 AM on 04/23/2010
We talk a big Capitalism game in this country, but we really don't practice it. Big companies really don't welcome competition as they like to assert.
02:15 AM on 04/23/2010
That said, then any pension fund state, local, or otherwise should now know. When you sit at the fast pace, high powered poker game with the Wall Street Big Banksters. If you haven't figured out who the patsy is in the first thirty minutes..............it's you........and you lose.
photo
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
DixieMay
Yes, yes...my micro-bio IS empty
10:37 PM on 04/22/2010
So what do we do? Are these articles going to be more than lists of who screwed us? I'm looking for solutions as well. How do we stop this from continuing? What should we be listening for a Politician to say about Wall St.? How do we get Wall St. insiders out of the Fed? Do we want to? And how do we get regulation that is weighted to protecting Main St.? Because Wall St. will be working overrtime to figure out their next swindle.
01:21 AM on 04/23/2010
1)Call your Congressmen and Senators and tell them to include the following in financial reform:
a) The Safe Banking Act of 2010 introduced by Sherrod Brown and Ted Kaufman. The bill would limit a bank's total assets to 2% of GDP, forcing the largest banks to be broken up. If Mitch McConnell and Judd Gregg cynically fail to enthusiastically support it, call them out.
b) Re-instate all banking regulations that were in place from 1933-1980. We never had these sorts of problems during those 47 years.
c) Credit Default Swaps be regulated as insurance, not commodity futures.
d) Insurance other than life insurance should not pay a benefit unless the policy holder suffers actual loss. Insurance contracts on property not owned should be deemed unenforceable, fraudulent contracts.
e) Work to limit the power of the Federal Government to block state attorneys general from investigating financial institutions.
f) Roll back the recent bankruptcy "reform".
g) Ron Paul's bill to audit the Fed.
2) Lobby your state legislators to get them to establish a state government owned bank such as the Bank of North Dakota.
3) Don't vote for the lesser of two evils. If you don't know exactly how the Republocrat candidates stand on issues or don't agree with one of them 70-80% of the time, vote for a 3rd party candidate or undervote.
4) Do go to the polls and do your duty to vote. Undervotes and 3rd party votes send a powerful message.
photo
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
DixieMay
Yes, yes...my micro-bio IS empty
08:51 AM on 04/23/2010
Thanks for the list! Looks like some good places to start my research!
09:00 AM on 04/23/2010
YUP some promise,but hardly enough
10:15 PM on 04/22/2010
Smoke and mirrors folks. The FED should be on trial trillions of dollars were stolen though they legalized the theft with an act of congress. If we really want to balance the budget and salvage a world for future generations destroy the FED and Wall St. The FED are the puppets, Wall St are the strings and the invisible wizard international bankers and robber barons inc run the show. How many trillions has America been robbed of in the last 98years? Couple that with the fact that they and all their cronies have had their tax burden cut by approximately 60% in the last thirty years. The GOP tax cuts now thats welfare you can really believe in or corporate all white socialism. It's ludicrous that they get major traction on saying Obama is redistributing the wealth. Vote them back in in November, but before you pull the levers think where all the working class people would be had they been left in office. Democrats need much improvement however, getting over on the people is more what GOP stands for than anything else.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
fourbrrl
07:51 AM on 04/23/2010
Haven't you figured out that ALL politicians are in the SAME CLUB, playing a good video camera game, and patting each other on the back for "the good show" ??
HUFFPOST PUNDIT
realitytrumpsbull
Two 'alves of coconut!
10:11 PM on 04/22/2010
I don't know, or care, if they ever reform or not, I'm just glad I was able to get my retirement savings back out of AIG before their big blowout. Not too surprised to learn that Goldman cashed in on the deal, I've long kind of held that these folks are all golf buddies or something...
08:55 PM on 04/22/2010
In a world wherein Capitalist greed is a worshipped virtue, of course it is logical to legalize most iniquities - and primarily fraud...
photo
HUFFPOST PUNDIT
bighat
Truth as I see it
08:47 PM on 04/22/2010
Does congress, all government agencies, and the president all view corporations as a legal entity with the rights of a human being?

What good are new rules and regulations if people think they are above the law? After all the people have done no wrong it is only the corporation.

Sexual harassment. Corp paid a fine and had to hire experts to teach meaning of harassment. Will this happen to GS. Stiff fine and a speech on the meaning of fraud with a mandate all people attend or there will be another fine.

Congress, redefine a corporation's legal status. Allow them to conduct business but make it clear in laymen's language a corporation does not have the rights of an individual. Make it clear that a corporation does no right and does no wrong. The people running the corporation do the right and wrong.

The chairman, CEO, all decision makers, hedge fund managers and the Board of Directors should be charged as criminals if possible. Civil defendants if not.

These people should have to pay any and all fines out of their pocket. What do they learn if the corporation pays. Not their money.

What would happen if the Crips and the Bloods incorporate. Will we just fine the corporations?

Is there no personal responsibility left in the US