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Lindsay Hoffman

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Ideology in the Classroom: Teaching Politics During a Presidential Election

Posted: 04/05/2012 4:22 pm

I began teaching in the fall of 2007, when the hype about the 2008 election was already well underway. As I approach my second presidential election as a professor of political communication, I'm reminded of a few things I've discovered about teaching politics in the college classroom.

Like many other "teacher-scholars," my research is a central component of my teaching. But as a political communication scholar, I know that many students look to faculty like me to make sense of a complex and often contradictory political world. But how do we make sure that politics don't enter the conversation about, well, politics?

I came to my first graduate course in political communication with a burning curiosity for why and how media cover politics. The hoopla over the Bush-Gore race and the tragedy surrounding 9/11 were in very recent memory, so I had a lot of criticisms of what I thought the media were doing right and mostly, what they were doing wrong. Part of me expected the class to be a critique of American media from some left-wing professor who preached about the way things SHOULD be. I believed I would discover solid evidence for why the media are biased; how content is systematically controlled by elites; and get all the inside information that would somehow magically reveal how this all worked.

I was surprised when my professor not only did NOT make his ideology known (even when asked), but that the content of the course far surpassed the superficial discussions we hear about politics every day. At the end of the semester, the professor gave extra credit to whoever could correctly guess who he voted for in the last election. Not one person got it right. (I still think this was an unfair question because it turns out he was Libertarian).

Regardless, I have taken that model into my own classroom and am always delighted when students can't guess my ideology. While some of my faculty colleagues completely disagree about keeping these personal views under wraps, I maintain that, when you put that monolith aside, when you tell students, "Hey, we're not talking about ideology here, we're not going to turn the classroom into a vitriolic discussion. Let's just talk about the hows and the whys so you can look at the phenomenon in a thoughtful, objective way." I don't deny that ideology drives a lot of what we think and do, but I do think it's possible to set it aside, and the benefits are great. So here's how I do it.

I teach several large lectures, where many students seem to think they can "opt out" of class discussion and just passively receive information for three months. I tell them right off the bat that they play a central role in the learning process. I also make it clear that we aren't here to talk about the reasons we are voting for one candidate or another. We aren't pundits fighting for our cause. Instead, we are social scientists, analyzing the campaign through the eyes of a scholar. Perhaps surprisingly, the students are always game, and there have been only a few times where I had to say, "Okay, let's not bring ideology into this... step back and look at it from a scholarly perspective." I don't prohibit students from expressing opinion (free speech is a right, after all), but I discourage them from relying solely on this kind of commentary. I often see students begin to offer an opinion, then check themselves... take a second to think it over... and offer a more critical and thoughtful comment. It's good practice for deliberative discussion.

In addition to getting students involved in the classroom, I also like to get them doing something outside the classroom. For many of my students, this is the first election in which they can vote. I try to create an environment that celebrates that milestone, but also emphasizes the weighty importance of that responsibility. I often require all students to attend one political event during the semester, then write about it from a scholarly perspective.

Adding this kind of structure to the course not only encourages involvement in the classroom and outside of it, but it makes politics real to our students. My discipline is ever-evolving, and my courses should reflect that. I find the most reward when I allow students to take ownership of their roles in the class and in a democratic society, even if that means modifying course content in the middle of the semester.

Admittedly, I'm an idealist and I'd love for every student to vote and get involved. But I'm also a realist. Civil discussions in the classroom will not magically lead to civility outside the classroom. Some of these students will likely become ideologically polarized, eternally questioning the motives of the other side. But I can at least introduce alternative ways of examining the world through critical and thoughtful lenses, and empower students in a world of information overload by giving them concrete tools for sorting through information. The reward? Students who tell me they still read the news years after taking my class. Students who go on to study in graduate school and law school. And students who have a changed perspective on what politics means in our everyday lives.

 

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Lindsay Hoffman
09:02 AM on 04/09/2012
Thanks for the comments, I look forward to continuing this dialogue about politics on campus. There is a fine line between helping students learn and exposing them to multiple viewpoints. The argument could certainly be made for mirroring popular political discourse in the classroom in order to prepare students for the real world. As with many things political, there isn't always a clear right or wrong way to do it.
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10:52 PM on 04/08/2012
Very interesting blog that presents a unique perspective regarding a professor teaching a college course where US politics are the focus but keeping her political viewpoints underwraps. Looking forward to future blogs by Professor Hoffman.
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AdamYoksas
A political animal.
03:11 PM on 04/07/2012
I teach the history of political thought, which is sort of "ground zero" for the type of deep, ideological debates you talk about. My philosophy on this type of issue is what Hans Morgenthau said: "Man is a political animal by nature; he is a scientist by chance or choice; he is a moralist because he is a man." In other words, I don't presume that the person can be or wants to be a "scientist," but I acknowledge that, as human beings, we care deeply and strongly about issues.

Here's the thing I've noticed though. Since the economic downturn, students tend not to make their political beliefs known; they seem scared, like someone will use it against them. This generation seems more interested in success than being civically engaged. This makes me sad...almost as if (in Morgenthau's language) they aren't fully "human."

Frankly, I don't see the value in approaching important things like politics "from a scholarly perspective" all the time; it implies that we should all go through life with a detached, non-committal attitude about the most important things. I don't encourage this in my classroom; in fact, I encourage the opposite.
Bianca S
You can't go trick-or-treating. Ever. For a week
06:20 PM on 04/08/2012
I agree with you that students tend to be more scared or hesitant at least to share their political beliefs but I think this is because people really do use it against them. Before, so I hear, you could be a liberal or a conservative and while people wouldn't agree with your position, they could at least respect it. Now, it's "Well of course you think that, you're a stupid liberal/conservative". It's just become so immature and full of ad-hominems.
As someone who has some fiscally conservative beliefs and some liberal beliefs, I notice more people try to discredit me right off the bat when it comes to being conservative; "You are just parotting what your parents think, you're just another dumb Fox News Blonde" and so on. Meanwhile, I could be sitting in a room full of 40 students and I'll be the only one who has a different opinion. Not gonna lie, that intimidates me because I feel like I'm being judged (tested?) more. It's also gotten to the point where, unless I'm willing to engage in a full blown political debate over even the smallest of issues, it's better to stay quiet as rational discourse doesn't exist anymore.
02:00 PM on 04/06/2012
Wow one of the very few teachers that doesn't force her political views on her students very rare these days. Seeing how I couldn't find this story being reported in the liberal media. I wonder how the author of this story feels about this article involving a Iowa law school telling conservative teachers need not apply.. Because from my point of view, If any area needs a fairness doctrine. It would be with educators of public tax payer funded schools. That tend to be more liberal and vocal about pushing there views on there students..

http://www.foxnews.com/us/2012/04/05/iowa-republicans-blast-law-school-over-refusal-to-hire-conservative-professor/
12:51 PM on 04/06/2012
You're a great teacher. I majored in Political Science because I loved politics and the history of government etc. I was too hopeful, or naive, thinking that my professors would teach government history, or legislation, or other political events on a scholar level. Telling all the facts from all sides. Teaching the items as they were. Unfortunately several of my professors taught things through their ideological perspective. I felt cheated. Like I was only learning half the story, the half that supported their views.
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Akla
Leave No Trace, Just a Good Impression
09:15 AM on 04/06/2012
I teach sociology and much of the course deals with stratification by gender, education, wealth, religion and systems of government and how these impact people and society. Some of my rural midwest students do not like to hear about stereotypes, the negative impact of certain social policies, or the way republican tax and fiscal policies negatively impact all but the very wealthy. They are surprised to learn how large the income/wealth gaps are and that they are in the bottom two/fifths. They do not like to learn about wedge politics where campaigns use specific issues to create splits between otherwise similar groups--making everyone else the "other" that we all like to hate. For the most part, many of these students have never been required to think critically about ad campaigns, the purpose of commercials (all types), and the bias in newspapers, online blogs, journals, even peer reviewed journals, and tv. At best, they fall into the trap of believing faux news media is correct and that the rest is left wing. Sad. Again, this is not about idealogy--who is right or wrong, but about how they go about getting voter approval and presenting their ideology. Back up your opinion with facts and research, and not from wikipedia, facebook, or a blog. Read critically, listen critically, and protect yourself from the media.
12:57 PM on 04/06/2012
You should take Professor Hoffman advice "Okay, let's not bring ideology into this... step back and look at it from a scholarly perspective." to heart. If you really don't understand that wedge politics is the mothers milk of both the right and the left well that's sad. The team at MSNBC is just as liberal as Fox is conservative. Look how the left jumped on the Trayvon shooting without knowing all of the facts. One of the major networks broadcasted a doctored recording of the 911 call and had to issue an apology. I will end by quoting you "Again, this is not about ideology--who is right or wrong, but about how they go about getting voter approval and presenting their ideology"
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Akla
Leave No Trace, Just a Good Impression
01:17 PM on 04/06/2012
where did I say only republicans use wedge issues? And you seem to assume that faux news media refers to the fox channel? You are probably right, but again, you jumped on it as a he said/she said, do not let them get away with anything statement. Oh yeah, my dad is bigger than your dad! does not resolve issues. MSNBC's problem, like many supposed news media outlets, is that it is more concerned about ratings than accuracy or truth. They want to get viewers and that is why most of their stuff is just entertainment news, gossip or hype. Fox news, on the other hand, is designed to create divisions, to present information to make the president and "liberals" look bad, to never say anything bad about republicans, and to create confusion and doubt. They purposefully throw accuracy out the window in order to create their storylines.
09:02 AM on 04/07/2012
"...the negative impact of certain social policies, or the way republican tax and fiscal policies negatively impact all but the very wealthy."

Do you also teach the about the negative impact of democratic tax and spend fiscal policies? How about the social costs of a bloated welfare state? Your statements is as undeniably partisan as mine are. There are a good amount of economists who would disagree with your judgement on "republican fiscal policies." There are also many economists who would agree. Your job is to honestly teach the distinctions between the debates that go on in our society. Instead, it sounds like your mission is to convert "rural midwest students" through wedge politics, stereotypes and casting Republicans as "the other."

I teach high school history, and sometimes it's a challenge to fairly represent views that I personally find revolting, but my job is not to pontificate. My job is to help kids develop skills that allow them to come to their own conclusions. I'm obsessive about providing fair sources from the other side, and when in doubt I'll bring one of my progressive colleagues into the classroom.
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Akla
Leave No Trace, Just a Good Impression
02:35 PM on 04/07/2012
Yes, I do point out the negative impact of democrat policies, but categorizing them as tax and spend is a bit right wing now, is it not? I try to get them to explore choices--if we spend on oil subsidies instead of solar or wind or something else, what do we give up in the long term? In our current insurance driven health care system, who pays for those who do not have coverage? Why do they not have coverage? Who decides who gets what care and what will be paid for? What happens to those who cannot afford to pay for their care? And if we ever get to a bloated welfare state, then I will bring up questions about that. I also point out how it was democrats who were the party behind much of the discrimination against blacks, etc, although the republicans sat on their hands. Anyway, As an educator, what do you think of these education reforms that blame you, as a teacher, for the poor performance of students? It is all your fault, you union member you. :)
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CarryOn
no matter where you go, there you are
07:39 AM on 04/06/2012
a gift from a UD alum:

Freedom of the press is guaranteed only to those who own one.
A. J. Liebling
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Drg40
Representative Democracy is all we have.
05:42 AM on 04/06/2012
No contest. You try teaching journalism at a first degree level in the UK at the moment.
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demisfine
Often correct, NEVER right.
09:14 PM on 04/05/2012
A poster today called me an educated socialist.
Asked me if I knew that colleges teach socialism.
I replied that I have three kids in college, and my husband and I both have graduate degrees.
An open mind is a terrible thing to waste.
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acumenguy
It could be carried by an African swallow
07:00 PM on 04/05/2012
I was teaching 7th grade Social Studies where the steak the PC button was easily pushed. I had an easy way out.
I simply ask "What do you think?"

I'm on firm legal ground. The kids have every legal right to express any political belief they want, sans any "ad hominum attacks."
05:44 PM on 04/05/2012
Lindsay Hoffman, you. my friend, are a rare bird, indeed.