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Loren A. Olson, M.D.

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Do We Need to Rethink the 'Homophobic' Label?

Posted: 05/10/11 12:42 PM ET

While I was working on my book, "Finally Out: Letting Go of Living Straight," I received a very angry email about my being gay from a man named "George." I challenged the things he said about me, responding, "You don't know me."

George wrote back, "Oh, but I do know you. You have identified yourself as a homosexual, an immoralist. Nothing binds your conscience. Morality is just a matter of taste."

The best way to confront such prejudice is usually to become a real person to the other person and develop a relationship with them. I made some attempts to find some area of common ground. George could never respond to anything I wrote back to him other than to condemn me.

Some would say George is homophobic. I am not a fan of the word "homophobia." Gay men and women struggled for years and years to free ourselves from being diagnosed as pathological deviants. I see little value in attempting to pathologize those who oppose us by labeling them all homophobic.

Prejudice is based on the "Law of Small Numbers": What is true for one must be true for all. Like George, the rules of "in-groups" and "out-groups" dictate that those on one side attempt to define those on the other by applying stereotypical descriptions while never seeking information that dis-confirms their beliefs.

Do we as gay men and women move discourse forward by labeling those who oppose us "homophobes"?

Contrast what George wrote with this review of "Finally Out," written by a conservative, married, heterosexual, evangelical Christian minister: "['Finally Out'] gave me a deeper understanding of homosexual men. While I may not agree with some of Olson's decisions or actions, I've been in his head now. My heart goes out to him and I think this book would be valuable for any person who finds homosexual acts to be sinful."

Relationships are based on developing an empathic understanding of the other person.

I suppose one could argue that George was homophobic since a phobia is an intense but unrealistic fear of something that interferes with the ability to socialize, work, or go about one's life. George's fear was clearly unrealistic since it was related to characteristics he'd assigned to me rather than things he actually knew about me as a person.

Is George representative of all who oppose homosexuality? Don't we -- those of us in the gay community or our allies -- do precisely the same thing when we paint all who oppose us with the same brush by calling them all homophobic? When we do, we fall into the same trap of the "Law of Small Numbers": We treat our opposition as if they are all alike, irrationally afraid of us, and therefore hating us.

I much prefer the term "homo-naïve." I don't think that my mother and step-father had ever known anyone who was openly gay until I came out to them at 40. They knew nothing about what it meant to be gay. Although they considered my homosexual behavior sinful, like the Christian minister mentioned previously, they were open to accepting me and understanding me.

We must recognize the great diversity of the community of people who oppose homosexuality.

Justin Spring, in his book about the life of Samuel Steward, "Secret Historian: The Life and Times of Samuel Steward, Professor, Tattoo Artist, and Sexual Renegade," wrote, "Each generation of writers reinvents its perception of sexuality through novels, poetry, and autobiographical writing, and in the process rebels against the perceptions and experiences of the generation before."

The responsibility for changing perceptions of the LGBT community must not be left only to those who write about it.

The Institute of Medicine released an important report in April called "Identifying Disconcerting Gaps in LGBT Research and Healthcare." The report emphasizes that the world is not divided into two populations, heterosexual and non-heterosexual. Non-heterosexuals consist of a multitude of sub-populations. In order for research to be meaningful and to make it generalizable to a larger population, each of these sub-populations must be examined as distinctive.

My interest has been on mature men who have sex with men (MSM) but who do not wish to be identified as gay. This group of men is largely hidden and has been studied very little, but I have found that even this sub-population is quite diverse. One research question I believe needs to be addressed: "Is there a higher rate of suicide in this population than there is in the general population?" My hypothesis is that the rate is higher.

This MSM sub-population is much larger than most people know. Most insist they are not gay, instead choosing labels like "bi," "questioning," "curious" or in fact, "heterosexual". If being gay is an identity rather than a description of attractions or behaviors, in the strictest sense, they are not gay. Frequently those in the LGBT community say, "They're gay, just not authentic or gay enough."

A study was recently published in the journal, Pediatrics. The study found that even when controlling for other risks of suicide (depression, binge drinking, peer victimization and abuse by an adult), a negative social environment was associated with increased suicide attempts and that a positive social environment reduced the risks of suicide attempts. In other words, social risks contributed far more to attempts of suicide than individual risk factors in an adolescent population.

Researchers are beginning to pay attention to the study of bullying of gender non-conforming and early self-identifying gay adolescents, and appropriately so. Bullying is another consequence of the application of the "Law of Small Numbers"; gender non-forming adolescents are assigned characteristics and targeted by some of those in the majority population

Little is known about the MSM sub-population who have significant risks factors for suicide: hopelessness, helplessness, worthlessness, and alcohol and drug problems. In addition, they frequently do not practice safe sex according to reports by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Discrimination against MSM is much more subtle than it is for gay adolescents but no less hostile. The process of coming out for mature gay men can be enormously complicated because of the complex networks of relationships formed while passing as heterosexual.

A recent report by Francis and Mialon of Tulane University called "Tolerance and HIV" found evidence that societal tolerance for gays may slow down the spread of the Aids virus and may do so by inducing gay men to substitute underground, risky sexual behaviors for safer sex and may encourage them to "come out."

It is becoming apparent that a positive social environment toward LGBT individuals is a significant public health issue.

In my interviews about "Finally Out," I have been questioned several times about my opposition to the word "homophobia." I have been asked, "Shouldn't LGBT be angry about the ways they are being treated?" Of course, we should. But we should be angry about principles, policies and hypocrisies.

Calling those who see LGBT individuals as deviant or sinful "homophobic" diminishes us and our arguments. It also fails to recognize that there are those people, like the minister I mentioned previously, whose attitudes and beliefs can be changed. Perhaps we cannot expect to be accepted by the "homophobic" community until we accept them even though we may disagree with some of their decisions and actions.

 

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04:46 PM on 06/25/2011
Labels of ANY kind ought to be used only with the greatest caution. A label always carries a set of assumptions with it about the person or thing it identifies. When we label someone, or allow ourselves to be labeled, we abdicate some of the responsibility we have to consider him/her/ourself as the individual she or he is.
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miamorphos
08:41 AM on 06/08/2011
Well, I can see that there would be a point in reserving the term "homophobia" only for people who have a phobic response to same-sex attraction. Most anti-gay people are simply gay-haters. Homophobia as a diagnosis could be applied only to the gay-haters who break out into a sweat when they think about homosexuality. What percentage of gay-haters are homophobic? Probably a fraction, a quarter or a third.
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talkstocoyotes
12:13 PM on 05/19/2011
So what pretty term does Dr. Olson want to substitute for racism, or anti-Semitism? Should we all apologize for being so intolerant of those poor, misunderstood folks who attended lyching parties and treated them like celebrations?

Nothing to see here, folks. Or nothing worth seeing anyway.
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laymancanuck
Left of centre, because it works for everyone.
01:56 PM on 05/15/2011
Outstanding article.More often bigotry will not just be directed towards one group. Fear of difference permeates society, it's tribalism. People are growing, as is society but so many still cling to their irrational fear. They are so oppressed by their fear and we all experience the oppression in society. Education helps to create openness, and understanding which diminishes fear. The frightened must realize that they will be losing nothing with acceptance.
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Ninure Saunders
A "red-letter" Christian
10:21 AM on 05/14/2011
So would you tell Jews that must "accept " Nazis?? Black that we must "accept" the KKK.? Victims of child-abuse they must accept child-abusers?

Somehow I doubt it.
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talkstocoyotes
12:15 PM on 05/19/2011
This is just another false equivalency gimmick -- gays are the "intolerant" ones for calling homophobes homophobes. See, it really would be so much better if they called people who want to see them powerless, invisible and/or dead "Rover" or "Ralph."
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antaeus
Marriage Equality Is Here
09:57 PM on 05/13/2011
The catch-more-flies-with-honey-than-vinegar argument? "Homophobe" is a rather milquetoast and clinical-sounding label. If anything, it insufficiently captures the destructive irrationality of the type. A person who can read the Bible in its totality and still manage to single out same-sex attraction for special condemnation is most definitely worthy of categorical distinction.
thebigbike
ran away to be a cowboy
09:25 PM on 05/13/2011
Using terms like "homophobe" can feel good, and may even be accurate in some ways, but I would agree with you it's ultimately - hell even in the short run pretty self-limiting/defeating.. It's a case of would you rather be right? or make it better?

like the death penalty, or lack of universal health care or housing for homeless people. For example universal health care may well be cheaper than the present system certainly eliminating the millions of $ if not billions in emergency room costs by people who - well you can't just let them die on the streets....plus lost productivity, crime etc....

how bout the death penalty, with all the safeguards around it (in most states - Texas is an exception obviously) it costs vastly more 10 to 100 times the cost of non-death penalty inmates but, if you just let the condemned inmates live out their lives in prison, well that won't PUNISH them enough. and won't deter crimes.... oh, well that part turns out not to work either...

so "homophobes" may be active enemies of LGNTQQ civil equality, they may just paralyzed by the "ick" factor they perceive around gay issues. but name calling didn't work to "cure" LGBT QQ people, did it?
04:35 PM on 05/13/2011
It is true that bigotry must be learn and is hard to unlearn. But people who interfere with the rights of others they do not "understand" are still not nice people and cause a lot of damage.

Racists had to be taught to think as they do, but I really don't want to have anything to do with them, either.
jm26dream
gaining fans despite posting ridiculous things
03:32 PM on 05/13/2011
I wonder how many homophobes hate gays based on them "not acting enough like a man", as opposed to what they do in private in the bedroom.

Discuss.
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ChaCubed
Republicans: the Antichrist
10:06 AM on 05/13/2011
"Heterosexual supremacist" works for me.

If not, what's the Latin term for "people who just don't like and deny equality because they don't like"?
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talkstocoyotes
12:20 PM on 05/19/2011
Try "Stercus caput".
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miamorphos
08:45 AM on 06/08/2011
bell hooks used to suggest that the term "racist" was too lazy and clumsy of a term to describe the racial ideology of European and North American bigots. Instead, she suggested, we should call them white supremacists. "White supremacist" ideology is what motivated the anti-black activists, whereas "racism" ends up being applied to every theory of ethnic uniqueness or every call for ethnic unity.

Some writers use "heterosexism" to describe the heterosexual-supremacist attitude.
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eve mahar
04:03 PM on 05/11/2011
I agree that we have to reach out and try to get to know each other when coming at opposite sides of this issue. The more people that come out and let people know who they are, the more minds and hearts will be changed.

That said, being friends with someone who believes that I am intrisically disordered, a sinner and am going to hell, is difficult. I am gay, and have a friend who is strict Catholic. We've had many in depth debates and discussions about sexuality vs her beliefs. While we have learned a lot from each other and have come to respect or accept our different beliefs, it is still painful for me.

She for example, wouldn't attend my wedding if I got married, because it would be showing public support for homosexuality. At the same time, I've seen her views and opinions change over time, and she has acknowledged that a lot of what the church teaches about gays is just plain wrong and harmful.

Is it worth it? I still don't know. There are times I want to just scream and say I cannot do this, I can't share my heart and my life with a friend who ultimately sees me as deviant and immoral simply because of who I love.
12:06 PM on 05/11/2011
As someone who works in mental health, I also dislike the 'homophobe' label because it's inaccurate; most of the anti-gay bigots do not have a true phobia according to the DSM. Heterosexist is much more accurate, but laypeople have no idea what it means. However, the homophobe label has become so popular because it packs a punch - it feels like a label to fight back with. I'll stick with bigot.
07:59 PM on 05/10/2011
Interesting article, clearly thought-provoking. One note: Dr. Loren inadvertently misstated the title of the Institute of Medicine report, giving it the title of his previous HuffPo piece on the report. For the record -- and those trying to find it at the IOM site -- the correct title is The Health of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender People: Building a Foundation for Better Understanding. Find it at www.iom.edu/lgbthealth.
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Loren A. Olson, M.D.
09:41 PM on 05/10/2011
Thanks for the correction.
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french queen13
my beloved is mine and I am his
07:48 PM on 05/10/2011
"Ignorant" or "wilfully ignorant" or "brainwashed" are terms that work for me as well as homophobic. Or, as JohnFromCensornati said, "haters".
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angelcakesinc
Tolerance of intolerance is intolerable
02:31 AM on 05/11/2011
I like to keep it simple. Bigots. It's short, it's simple, and it requires a lot less explanation than 'homophobia.' What a lot of people don't realize is that homophobia today is not used in the same way actual phobias are used. Homophobia in most of its common usages denotes not an actual phobia but is a stand in word for the gay version of racism, sexism, or any of the other 'isms' we have. There is no commonly recognized and used 'ism' to denote bigotry against the gay community so we stick with homophobia because it's the word we have. There is always 'heterosexist' but in my experience, anyone who has not spent significant time studying within the realms of sexuality will just give you funny looks at that word. I wonder if the author of this article would prefer we call racists 'racially-naive?'
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Loren A. Olson, M.D.
11:04 PM on 05/11/2011
Well, growing up in a small town in Nebraska during the 50's I was racially-naive, but I wasn't a hater or a bigot. I simply had no experience with members of other races or cultures.

But my primary point in this essay was to suggest that characterizing all who oppose homosexuality as being the same is a mistake. I heard today that the ultra-conservatives and the ultra-liberals each compose only about 10% of the population. That means that about 80% of people may be open to changing their opinions.

It is a waste of time to convince people like "George" (described in the essay) that gay is good. Surely we can do a better job of communicating who we are to the other 80%.
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talkstocoyotes
12:21 PM on 05/19/2011
***"Ignorant" or "wilfully ignorant" or "brainwash­ed" are terms that work for me as well as homophobic­. Or, as JohnFromCe­nsornati said, "haters".***

Now we need a few alternate terms for "people who defend bigotry."
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b4pangea
Insert clever micro-bio here
04:41 PM on 05/10/2011
It seems to me a technical and accurate term (and relatively mild compared to some of the pejorative names and words heaped upon gay folks). I know that no one enjoys being pathologized and that it may not be helpful in establishing a dialogue. However, human nature being what it is- the closer to home the label is, the more it enrages. I suspect the reason so many people bristle at the label "homophobe" is because it's very, very true.
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Abdul-Halim Vazquez
10:00 AM on 05/12/2011
There may be a few genuine homophobes but it is unlikely that many people would probably meet the DSM's criteria for a genuine "phobia". "Heterosexist" is more accurate
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libwingoflibwing
Leftist Christian, Non-Violent Revolutionary
06:26 PM on 05/15/2011
We use phobia in more ways than just the technical way it' used in mental health and the DSM. (I'm a licensed mental health counselor, by the way.) My understanding is that homophobia means not only a fear of homosexuality but also a hatred of homosexuals. I think that understanding of the term means that it IS a good term for these folk.

Nevertheless, I use "Heterorsexism" and "Heterosexist" too because it makes clear what is actually going on. But we should realize this, if we start using these terms more the Heterosexists will start complaining about us calling them that too the same way Sexists don't like be calling Sexists or Racists don't like being called Racist.