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Maggie Kozel, M.D.

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Little Pharma: The Medication of U.S. Children

Posted: 02/05/2011 10:46 am

The Wall Street Journal recently reported that a study of prescription patterns in 2009, conducted by IMS Health, showed that 25 percent of children in the U.S. were on regular medication.

IMS Health is a firm that provides marketing intelligence to pharmaceutical companies. The firm's job is to keep the $800 billion per year global pharmaceutical industry on a continued pattern of growth. Hopefully these consultants accomplished something quite different this week. Hopefully they provided our citizens with an overdue wake-up call.

One in four children in the U.S. are on chronic prescription medications. This doesn't even include all the prescriptions we write to treat acute illness, or the use of over-the-counter products. It is an astounding number. We either have the sickest pediatric population in the world, or there is something very wrong with the way therapies are driven in our health care system.

The WSJ article goes on to discuss some very significant concerns about the situation -- like how difficult it is to run clinical studies on children, and how much of our pharmaceutical data -- including dosing and side effects -- is drawn from adult populations and applied to children (fingers crossed!) These are serious concerns to be sure, but it's a modern version of "The Emperor's New Clothes." Those of us on the sideline are worrying if the emperor's hat clashes with his shoes, when what we should really be paying attention to -- and shouting about -- is the fact that good lord, he's naked!

One in four children in the U.S. are on chronic medications!

According to IMS Health data, 45 million children are on asthma medications, 24 million are on ADHD medications, almost 10 million are on antidepressants with another six and a half million on other antipsychotics. Then there are the antihypertensives, the sleep aids, the medications for Type 2 diabetes and high cholesterol, and on and on.

Are the conditions these medications are designed for, like ADHD and bipolar disorders, real? Absolutely. Are our diagnostic criteria usually clear and well established? No.

Is the scientific information that doctors rely on for diagnosis and treatment free of bias and conflict of interest? Absolutely not.

Do our third party insurers reimburse physicians and psychologists in such a manner that mood disorders, attentional problems and other conditions in the psychoeducational realm are likely to be evaluated and managed by the most appropriate professionals? Again, more often than not, no.

Some of these children are certainly benefiting from long term medication. Optimal asthma control, for instance, can be life changing for a child. Depression is real and needs to be treated seriously. But over the broad range of approximately 100 million children taking daily medication in this country, have we consistently formulated long range goals and benefits?

Do we understand the longterm effectiveness of these medications compared to meaningful nonpharmaceutical intervention? No.

No. Absolutely not. No. No!

Our system of private, fee-for-service insurance is basically a business model that focuses on the top of the health care pyramid (the doctor) and pays for quick fixes (prescriptions) with immediately observable (short term) results. That works great for bacterial pneumonia; not so much for a kid bouncing off the walls, or gaining too much weight, or who is sad. Nowhere is this disconnect more glaring than in the realm of mental health.

Health insurance companies have determined, by virtue of their reimbursement strategies, that the work of treating serious mental illness would shift to primary care providers. A recent study by the AAP predicts that treatment of mental illness and mood disorders will soon make up 30-40 percent of a pediatrician's office practice (1).

To put this trend in perspective, an earlier study that appeared in the journal Pediatrics revealed that 8 percent of pediatricians felt they had adequate training in prescribing antidepressants, 16 percent felt comfortable prescribing them, but 72 percent actually did.

Well of course they did. If they don't, who will? This is just one example of the growing disconnect between best medical practice and the way we deliver health care.

Furthermore, where do both pediatricians and psychiatrists get most of their information about these psychotropic medications that are flying off prescription pads? The pharmaceutical companies that produce them, through the hundreds of millions of dollars they spend each year on marketing and the clinical studies they fund. Health insurers and pharmaceutical companies are not necessarily the bad guys here. They are doing what we have tasked them to do: run a business.

What should be driving our health care? Should it be evidenced-based medical science, wrapped up in a little common sense and kept at a distance from special interest? Should the emphasis be on clinical effectiveness rather than customer service (I'd like my hip replacement next week, thank you very much)? Should the financial incentives foster improved longterm health for all of us rather than healthy quarterly profits? If that's what we want then we need to redesign the system from the bottom up.

In order to frame meaningful health care debate in this country, we have to look at the consequences of doing business-as-usual. This data from the pharmaceutical industry illustrating the degree to which to we medicate our children underscores the ways our health care system has gone off track. We need to acknowledge that naked truth.

One in four children in the U.S. are on chronic medications.

References:
1. AAP department of Community and Specialty Pediatrics. "Resources Help Primary Care Clinicians Address Mental Health Concerns." AAP News 31 (7) 34

2. Jerry L. Rushton, et al. "Pediatrician and Family Physician Prescription of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors." Pediatrics 105 (6): e82

Maggie Kozel, M.D. is the author of "The Color of Atmosphere: One Doctor's Journey In and Out of Medicine," forthcoming from Chelsea Green Publishing. Follow her blog at barkingdoc.com

 
 
 

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03:13 PM on 02/08/2011
This is all quite scary. But the fact that we are talking about it leads me to hope... Lots of comments here are bemoaning the situation. But what do we do about it? First, we don't abdicate responsibility for our own and our children's lives to pharmico-medical complex. Particularly with respect to children's "mental" problems, there are some alternatives we should be looking at. I've seen one blogger on Psychology Today who seems to be applying good old fashioned common sense along with a solid understanding of family dynamics to solve kids' problems. Take a look at:
http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/bloggers/marilyn-wedge-phd
Are we talking about blaming parents? No way. But parents certainly do have the power to help their kids get healthily through the tough times of growing up, without the use of psychotropic drugs.
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Ranveig Elvebakk
Innovator, author and lecturer on weight and nutri
01:51 PM on 02/07/2011
Big Pharma is as grotesque as the "Little" variety.What drives it? Health is a stock market commodity to the tune of one fifth of our GNP run by pharmaceutico-medical complex - "Evidence-based" medicine keeps medicine in the dark ages of anecdotal reactions to manifestations of inevitable processes, and is not much more than the thinly veiled hard-sell of more, and more expensive medications for the same old conditions.Those "inexplicable" conditions are preventable and most of them reversible by nutrition. What drives health care? Keeping this truth from people.
12:23 PM on 02/07/2011
It's interesting how anyone who challenges or questions child-drugging is attacked by our Big Pharma controlled media and government. The 2 institutions that can help change things have been co-opted by this industry. We need people at the highest levels in media and government to get on board. Mr. Obama, who's side are you on sir?
02:45 PM on 02/08/2011
Senator Charles Grassley is a whistle blower on this issue. He has been investigating conflicts of interest between some prominent child psychiatrists (such as Dr. Joseph Biederman at Harvard) and pharmaceutical companies, as well as Big Pharma's alleged intimidation of medical students.
06:34 PM on 02/10/2011
Thankfully we do have some like Senator Grassley and Representative Dan Burton but we need many more. We have some independent news organization but no major mainstream ones on our side. We're going to look back at this time in absolute shame and horror and those most responsible will not be forgotten. This was a group effort.
12:01 PM on 02/06/2011
A couple of years ago my daughter had some wheezing in her lungs. She also had a fever, cold, congestion, etc., as did just about every kid in her school at the time. Anyway, I took her to the doctor and was told that she had asthma. The doctor informed us that she would need to use an inhaler and go on steroids every day for the rest of her life or, hopefully, until she outgrew it. The meeting took fifteen minutes.

Took her to another doctor and was told that there was absolutely nothing wrong with my child and long term medication was not needed. At worst she had seasonal allergies. We have never had a problem since. She’s active, plays sports and healthy.

My story is nothing new. I personally know of a half dozen moms who have had the same or similar experiences with their kids. Their children are diagnosed as asthmatic, told to use medication every day, and sent home. The doctors are quick to prescribe medication as a precaution. It’s a better safe than sorry thinking with no thought to the long term effects of the child.

In this day and age it’s necessary to get second, and third opinions before putting a child on long term medication. Sad but true.
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Ann Thurlow
08:44 AM on 02/08/2011
My son had a similar experience, accompanied by severe behavioral response to Prednisone. A family friend who'd worked many years as a research chemist warned us about the side-effects, but the pediatrician dismissed our concerns completely. We have avoided the treatment since then, and he has relied on traditional remedies for seasonal allergies and colds.
04:45 PM on 02/08/2011
Our pediatrician dismissed our concerns too. I saw my daughter go from calm to bouncing off the walls and aggressive within half an hour of giving her Prednisolone. It also made her sick, gave her heartburn and headache. It's one thing if a child really needs it but if not, why put someone through that? We ended up getting a new pediatrician and now, like you, rely on other remedies. Haven't had a problem since.
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11:30 AM on 02/06/2011
Ritalin is speed. A generation grew up on speed and then we wonder why there's a meth epidemic.
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11:28 AM on 02/06/2011
I wonder if there are any class clowns left or are they drugged into complacency as soon as they're discovered?
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cinemaven
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10:38 AM on 02/06/2011
When my youngest was in 3rd grade, my husband and I were notified that he had ADD and should be medicated. This shocked me as my son had never shown any signs of ADD... he was active, questioning, bright and funny and a trip to his class to watch his behavior for 3 days reinforced what I already knew. He was a pain in the butt when he was bored and the teacher was horrifyingly boring. She never engaged the kids and wanted them to always be quiet and still. We changed teachers and the problem was resolved but I found out that many parents listened to that teacher and had their kids medicated.

I'm 50 now and my son is 18 and what I've noticed with regards to over medication is that many parents use pills as a substitute for time, attention and consequences and a few teachers champion the pills in order to have a calm classroom because they don't have the skill or personality to engage and inspire. I was a school board trustee and served on the Spec. Ed. Advisory with about 100 parents of kids with ADD and ADHD and about 70% of the kids were just spoiled little brats turned catatonic with meds. "Bryce honey.. honey.. stop.. mommy says please stop.. honey.. I'm counting.. oh honey please"

I never once spanked my kids but I could stop them with a look. :)
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sabelmouse
i love to tumble , ask me why .
11:09 AM on 02/06/2011
i was just watching '' charley bartlet '' last night and i was shocked when he was prescribed ritalin for grieving , really.
it's a good film that by the way and anton yelchin is great.
http://www.spike.com/video/charlie-bartlett/2933681
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cinemaven
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11:25 AM on 02/06/2011
Just watched the trailer and then tried to find it on spike but it's not on in the next week (even though they usually play their movies until I'm sick of seeing the names). I'll definitely be looking for it though :) thanks

I was pretty shocked when I learned that teachers are often the source of a diagnosis of ADD or ADHD... I had no idea they were all such qualified medical professionals!
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11:26 AM on 02/06/2011
Medicating the kids is how the grown ups save face. "It's not the fault of a boring classroom or the fault of faulty parenting. Let's blame faulty brain chemistry in the kid!"
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cinemaven
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03:11 PM on 02/06/2011
Sad but often true Zipzop (love the handle) I think there should be some protection in place for kids regarding the diagnostic criteria.. nobody should be able to just get the meds from a gp without extensive diagnostics.
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confuseddemocrat
09:35 AM on 02/06/2011
almost 10 million are on antidepressants with another six and a half million on other antipsychotics
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

This has got to be related to the explosion of ADHD diagnoses  and to the explosion of every behavioral deviation being classified as some sort of mental illness

We have  a  health system and plethora of  peripheral "para-professionals"  and pseudo -scientists who  must justify their continued existence by defining new mental illnesses which then creates new patient populations
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Alison Rose Levy
Connect the Dots www.healthjournalist.com
09:47 AM on 02/08/2011
Fanned.

Alison
www.healthjournalist.com
02:55 PM on 02/08/2011
Try "The Emperor's New Diagnosis"! These diagnoses are being designed to fit the drugs. There is no basis in biology, physiology or body chemistry to diagnose most of these "mental disorders". The DSM IV defines them simply as constellations of symptoms. They are real in the same sense that Orion is real. It's a pattern we see in the sky that serves a useful purpose. In Orion's case, he helps to orient us at night. In the case of ADHD, it gives us an excuse to drug our kids with a quick FIX.
outnow
Ban the bomb
09:18 AM on 02/06/2011
SSRI antidepressants can cause children to become agitated. SSRIs can provoke a hypomanic episode. Stimulant medication can cause many problems, too. The answer is "polypharmacy," using several psychoactive medications, some just to treat the side effects of other medications.

Meanwhile the primary care practitioner is thinking to himself, "There, if little Johnny commits suicide, at least I 'treated his depression" so that he can't sue me." That same doctor may be driving that child to madness under the guise of treating inattention, impulsivity, distractibility, depression, etc.

The cosmetic psychopharmocology indicates the free market's concern for profits over the health of children. The market has no conscience.

Increasingly, out society goes to war for corporate profits and access to resources and drugs its children for profits.

How can you be free when you have been drugged into submission by your own parents and physicians? Our children are our greatest resource, yet they, too, are mercilessly exploited by the same system that brings you the subprime mortgages. Profit does not provide all that is necessary to engineer society. In fact, it allows regulators to be bought off legally by campaign contributions and lobbyists whose job it is to make special interests more profitable - like drugging our children.
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confuseddemocrat
09:48 AM on 02/06/2011
well said

faved, already fan
03:39 AM on 02/06/2011
Our main duty is to consume. And die. If the food we consume makes us sick, that's fine because we consume the antidotes also. We pay twice.

We also have a duty to conform, which is why the psychotropic medications are so necessary.

Children have to learn this early or it might not take.
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moAb
"when bad men combine, the good must associate”
10:57 AM on 02/06/2011
"We also have a duty to conform, which is why the psychotrop ic medication s are so necessary".

Dead on. THX1138 is on it's way.
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jfbuf
I guess people aren't corporations
11:43 PM on 02/05/2011
Sorry I don't believe these numbers, maybe 1 in 10, and that's way to many. I blame the parents, they make the call and they aren't do a good job.
EvolveorPerish
R E anna what have you done?
04:46 AM on 02/06/2011
Wow.
04:58 AM on 02/06/2011
since the numbers are based on prescriptions written, they are easy to verify
where did you get your "1 in 10 figure"
personal (ie anecdotal and not representative) experience by asking your friends, neighbors and co-workers?
don't believe the author of this post? go look at the references she provides
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MerrieWay
11:33 PM on 02/05/2011
We're in the dark ages, and in the modern age of greed, no conscience or ethics when it comes to the Pharma's take-over. Looking back in a hundred years, we will certainly be viewed as a society that performed chemical lobotomies, and created multiple diseases with the poisonous MEDS given unresponsively to our children. When doctor's don't look for underlying factors before medicating children...they should throw in the towel and get into a new profession...
Yes, there are cases when Meds can improve a chronic condition or save a life...But, we are witnessing a drug popping society emerging...with no data how some of the children medicated will affected years from now... Lobby, prayers,send in the justice. Save our children.
EvolveorPerish
R E anna what have you done?
04:54 AM on 02/06/2011
Yes, but they are not trained to heal, they are trained to diagnose.

The power of the human body to heal itself is amazing, especially if given the right tools (nutrition, sleep, biofeedback, etc)

If you go to a doctor office and they ask you about the current medications you are on and you say "none" they give you a funny look, they don't believe you. Then they ask you again to make sure you have the chance to be truthful or something. And once you are in the office, you have to really persist to not be prescribed anything. Its crazy.
How far does the pendulum have to swing until we get tired of being sick? Do we have a victim, "poor me" thing where we need to be sick?
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Soulfest
Going Far Means Returning (Lao Tzu)
09:56 AM on 02/06/2011
Drug pushing for profit health care system, no real cures, band aids and overmedicating. Intellectually dimming society with increasingly short attention spans looking for the quick fix, it is easier to pop the pills and cover the symptoms. Toxic and chemically laced food only to get worse with genetic modification. We absolutely have to revolt against every aspect of food, drug, and medical as big business and corruption. We are lacking in preventative care. If we can develop a nutritional program in the schools for our children modeled after France, we might have less diabetes and overweight children, and possibly less ADHD. Not saying food is the only cause, but I do believe it plays its part. I know plenty of ADHD kids overmedicated and eating junk food, sugar, chemicals, and the like. If we are going to drug the kids, in addition we need to teach them coping skills and how to soothe and help themselves too, not just overmedicate sweeping the cause, and the root of the problems under the rug.
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Cleverboots
11:15 PM on 02/05/2011
In addition to the issues you raise, I suggest two others: PBM's and ACO's. Both of these are based on cost rather than what's best for the patient. PBM's should be dissolved and ACO's should not be considered if the medical community is seriously concerned about the patient and not just the cost of care.
11:06 PM on 02/05/2011
We are doing something definitely wrong, I doubt it is the same in other countries. We need a real health care debate in this country, without politics.
"Should it be evidenced-based medical science, wrapped up in a little common sense and kept at a distance from special interest? " that would be a great start.
"Should the financial incentives foster improved longterm health for all of us rather than healthy quarterly profits?" Obviously...
EvolveorPerish
R E anna what have you done?
04:58 AM on 02/06/2011
Yes, Dr.s should get bonuses for healing people out of a diagnosis, getting off of drug dependencies.

Testing/research for drug treatments should be entirely independent. What does that look like? Who regulates it? The FDA? HA!
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DrP
11:01 PM on 02/05/2011
My son was a "medicated child." His adolescence was a disaster. Fortunately, at age 19, he had an epiphany and changed his diet (low-carb, no additives, dyes, etc) and also changed his life. He has written college papers on the topic and absolutely lambastes the medical establishment for resorting to drugs when lifestyle changes can resolve so many mood and behavioral issues.
For the record: his physician father was responsible for the medicating of my son without my knowledge.
02:29 AM on 02/06/2011
The scary thing is, his father probably believed he was doing the right thing and helped him, and your son was not his only victim.
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laaambchop
Cheerfulness is a sign of wisdom
10:04 AM on 02/06/2011
Then why was it in secret? Had he been able to justify his decision, he would have been honest about it.
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11:35 AM on 02/06/2011
It's great that your son finally got off the meds. I know a young man who started meds as a child during his parents stressful divorce, Now he's afraid to get off of them. He's afraid he has a monster lurking inside, waiting to get out. I wonder how many others feel that way.