iPhone app iPad app Android phone app Android tablet app More

Featuring fresh takes and real-time analysis from HuffPost's signature lineup of contributors
Maria Mayo

GET UPDATES FROM Maria Mayo
 

Forgive Us Our Student Loan Debts?

Posted: 06/06/2012 8:26 am

On March 8, U.S. Rep. Hansen Clarke proposed the Student Loan Forgiveness Act of 2012 (H.R. 4170). In making a case for the bill, he observed that the unemployment rate for college graduates was 9.1 percent in 2011, and that Americans' outstanding student loan debt obligations now exceed $1 trillion.

The bill aims "to increase purchasing power, strengthen economic recovery, and restore fairness in financing higher education in the United States through student loan forgiveness, caps on interest rates on federal student loans, and refinancing opportunities for private borrowers, and for other purposes." Clarke argues that higher education should be seen as a public good, but the resulting student loan debt borne by many graduates negatively affects the nation's economy.

The moral force behind Clarke's bill relates to the health of the economy and the ability for college graduates to flourish. But how does student loan forgiveness relate to the kind of forgiveness advocated by Jesus in the Gospels?

Jesus talks about debt forgiveness in both prayer and parable. In Matthew, Jesus teaches his disciples to pray to God to "forgive us our debts, as we also have forgiven our debtors" (6:12). Later he describes the dire consequences of refusing to forgive debts in the Parable of the Unforgiving Servant, where a servant who was forgiven an enormous debt by a king is thrown in jail when he refuses to forgive a smaller debt owed to him (18:23-35). Jesus finishes with the frightening message that God will deal similarly with human beings who refuse to forgive one another "from your heart."

However, it is clear in both cases that debt forgiveness functions as a metaphor for sin forgiveness and is not to be taken literally. In case listeners don't make the connection between debts and sins, Matthew makes the metaphor clear with this postscript to the Lord's Prayer: "For if you forgive others their trespasses, your heavenly Father will also forgive you; but if you do not forgive others, neither will your Father forgive your trespasses" (6:14-15).

In the Old Testament, the dominant metaphor for sin was weight. Forgiveness would lift or carry away that burden, as in Genesis 50:17: "Say to Joseph: I beg you, forgive (lit. Hebrew, "carry away") the crime of your brothers and the wrong they did in harming you." However, due to the influence and spread of Aramaic language during the Second Temple period, this idiom shifted and sin became understood as a debt that must be repaid or canceled. Jesus' listeners would have immediately understood his stories about debts to be, in reality, stories about sin.

Jesus' stories and prayers make broad use of this metaphor. The Parable of the Two Debtors -- in which Jesus explains that one who has a large debt forgiven loves more than one forgiven a smaller debt (Luke 7:40-43) -- and the Parable of the Unforgiving Servant do not command financial debt forgiveness, but rather demonstrate by analogy the power and relief that accompanies the forgiveness of sins. It is sin forgiveness, not debt forgiveness, that is connected to forgiveness by God.

As the holder of a six-figure student-loan debt, I more than anyone would like to see debt forgiveness carry a moral force all its own. I appreciate the care for students and college graduates demonstrated in the Student Loan Forgiveness Act of 2012, as well as its emphasis on the health of the national economy. But there is nothing in the teachings of Jesus that suggests that literal, financial debt forgiveness is a moral or religious imperative.

Perhaps if Jesus were still teaching with parables, he could add this one to his repertoire:

"The kingdom of God is like a student who wanted to study religion. She completed a Ph.D. with a student loan debt of 10,000 talents. For years she struggled to find a job and make loan payments. She appealed to the Emperor for mercy, and he forgave all her debts. She felt like a weight was lifted! She resolved to work hard and be generous to others. And this is how God will deal with your sins if you are grateful and nice to other people."

The point is not that forgiving a monetary debt is moral act worthy of praise, but that forgiving transgressions can be like forgiving debts: an expression of generosity and care, a source of relief, and an inspiration to do good. Thus, Jesus would not call for all student loan debts to be forgiven; instead, he might use the illustration of student loan debt forgiveness as a positive analogy for divine or human forgiveness.

According to Rep. Clarke's bill, this is exactly the moral impetus of the Student Loan Forgiveness Act of 2012. The point is not that it is a good thing to forgive debts. Instead, the goodness comes from the positive effects on society: promoting higher education as a public good, providing relief for graduates suffering under enormous debts and contributing to a stronger economy. Debt forgiveness is a moral issue for these reasons.

If you support the Student Loan Forgiveness Act of 2012, please join the movement by signing your name at http://hr4170.com/.

 
FOLLOW RELIGION
 
 
  • Comments
  • 63
  • Pending Comments
  • 0
  • View FAQ
Comments are closed for this entry
View All
Favorites
Bloggers
Recency  | 
Popularity
Page: 1 2  Next ›  Last »  (2 total)
This user has chosen to opt out of the Badges program
photo
02:36 PM on 07/24/2012
Too bad the Dept of Education doesn't recognize Federal Judges Disability from Dept of Social Security!
04:55 AM on 07/08/2012
Well, lots of student across the country hope for the student loan forgivness.But honestly, I do not think that the government will be able to forgive the student loan debt.We know that our government already have $14 trillions of debt, so probably their financial situation do not allow them to be so kind to forgive the student loan debt.When students take out student loans I am sure they should hope only for themselves.
Jennifer from http://cashadvancesus.com/
07:42 AM on 07/01/2012
Three quick points:
1) It is possible that the possibility of accumulation of over $100 K of student is a sign that one is NOT being called into ordained ministry at this time.
2) We have to work with the parables we have, not the ones we wish we had
3) "God will deal with your sins if you are grateful and nice to other people" is an error known as works righteousness and EXACTLY the opposite of Jesus' teaching. God has dealt with our sins through the cross, and our faith to Jesus Christ is what gives us access to HIS work."
04:10 PM on 06/24/2012
I am a teacher with $80,000 in student loan debt. I was the first in my family to go to college and not knowing much about paying for college took its toll. I feel obligated to pay my loans off and take full responsibility to do so, however, I do believe it would stimulate the economy by lifting at least some of the burden from college grads by either forgiving their federal debt or at least reducing the interest rates. Higher education shouldn't be a cash cow via 6.8% interest rates. Putting extra money in the pockets of our educated citizens will only benefit our communities and our Country.
12:03 PM on 06/17/2012
Personally, I don't want forgiveness. I want an apology once student loans are abolished. This country is eating its young with student debt. How could anyone be against wiping the slate clean when it would only put money INTO the economy and get well educated people contributing instead of sinking?

The financial education in public high schools is abysmal to non-existent. A 17 year old has no idea what they're doing when they get accepted into college and all they have to do is sign on the dotted loan line. No clue. Until they graduate and pawn their dreams for rent, and try to make payments making less than they did in high school. The punishment (paying off loans for 20+ years with no hope of ever owning a home or affording a family) doesn't fit the crime. Universities prey on the naiveté and dreams, like the banks did with mortgages. The bubble will burst soon regardless.
02:51 AM on 06/30/2012
Beautifully stated!!
08:08 PM on 06/09/2012
I have a comment to another article that Maria Mayo posted. Does she have a direct e-mail address, or what?
photo
HUFFPOST BLOGGER
Maria Mayo
10:04 PM on 06/23/2012
I'll be sure to see any comment you post here. Thanks!
This user has chosen to opt out of the Badges program
05:04 AM on 06/08/2012
Skip the Bible and acquaint yourself with the attributed American Indian story about the boy who chose to carry the rattlesnake. I'll cut to the chase: "You knew what I was when you picked me up."
Repay your loans or declare bankruptcy.
12:09 PM on 06/08/2012
One cannot declare bankruptcy on student loans.
02:10 AM on 06/30/2012
Actually, it's a little unknown fact that we didn't really know what we signed for as you have suggested here. Congress also removed truth in lending laws from student loans. Things like compound interest and the removal of refinancing options, etc. were not disclosed to us at signing because they didn't have to be. And like another poster here said, student loans cannot be included in a bankruptcy.
photo
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
nbattaglia
"All reality is iconoclastic" - CS Lewis
07:41 AM on 06/07/2012
All federal student assistance should be in the form of interest-free loans with 20-30 year repayment schedules after graduation (no grants). Or some actuarially sound version of this. Follow this with a ten-year timeframe for faculty tenure. A few other changes and you'd have gone a long way toward positive reform of higher ed.
photo
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
monkeyshine89
God goggles, like beer goggles, but more deceptive
02:24 AM on 06/07/2012
I think that our college tuition is absolutely crazy expensive. In other developed and developing nations in the world, one could easily pay for college with a part time job and *small* loans or government help. Personally I think the entire system is rigged- from convincing people that EVERYONE needs to go to college, and that when you do graduate you will get a job automatically, to college tuition and course load to college housing... all of it is rigged against the middle class. I went to community college and then went to a local state university.
Even with living with my parents and using some scholarships through the military from my dad- my family still ended up in some debt over my tuition. Absolute insanity.

I think with the economy the way it is, and with unemployment still being high for recent graduates, we should help them with their debt. After all I think the older generation is responsible for the well being of the younger generation.
12:41 AM on 06/07/2012
An associates degree in accounting allowed me to earn around $12 to $14 a year. Barely if not enough to cover rent, daycare, gas, utilities. Often resorted in top ramen and payday loans. Too much to get public assistance. Never on welfare. Never unemployed thankfully.

After working 15 years in Accounting with an associates degree, I reached my ceiling after a number of employers, including a hotel, mentioned that a bachelors degree was required for the next level. Even some jobs at the same level, accounts payable clerk, a company, after I assisted with a temp agency and trained a new hire for them, stated I needed a bachelors degree (new requirement) for that job.

I finally went back to college after years of top ramen, financial stress, and wholly clothes with not so well taken care of kids hoping to get out of this trap. Only to enter into a new trap of college debt. Well, why not? I dated one guy who landed jobs (with a bachelors degree) at starting salaries of $90k a year only for him to mess up and get fired. I figured wow, a degree helps. Didn't think about the wage disparities between men and women; however, now I do as I only earn $45k a year - with poor benefits and cost of living increase galore (high deductible medical @ $5900 before covered) with high premiums.
This user has chosen to opt out of the Badges program
12:10 AM on 06/07/2012
I am rarely shocked anymore by the lack of knowledge of the Scriptures by religious scholars but now I am shocked again. Mathew 6:12. Debt is sin, not a monetary debt. Sin is so called because failure in the obligation involves expiation and satisfaction.
photo
HUFFPOST BLOGGER
Maria Mayo
06:43 PM on 06/07/2012
You might also be shocked to learn that that is my point exactly in the above article: debt is a metaphor for sin. In fact, it was THE dominant metaphor for sin during the Second Temple Period when Jesus lived, thanks to the influence of Aramaic language. When people wanted to talk about sin, they talked about debt, as Jesus did in the Lord's Prayer (Matthew 6:9-13 and Luke 11:2-4).
This user has chosen to opt out of the Badges program
09:45 PM on 06/07/2012
Maria. Excellent, excellent, excellent. Please forgive my debt to you.
May the Good Lord bless and guide you until we meet again.
12:03 AM on 06/07/2012
Lets us look at it this way:

1) Where does the emperor's money come come from? Well your fellow taxpayer.

In your example the young lady completes a PHD struggles to find a job and has her debt forgiven. Great for her.

Does she than, after she gets a job, pay a special contribution to the emperor for the forgiveness or that she continues to expect that someone else takes up the debt repayment.

The emperor had taken money from her fellow citizen to educate her? Does she have no moral obligation to to make good her fellow citizen?

Off course if the emperor had his own money earnt from his own labour than the emperor is within his moral right to forgive the debt. In this case the money belongs to taxpayer not the emperor so how can the emperor forgive - that which is not his to forgive?
10:32 PM on 06/06/2012
If you want to appeal to the Bible for support for debt forgiveness - what about YOUR RESPONSIBILITY to carefully manage what you borrow???

Do you think maybe you could have found a cheaper way to get an education, or went part-time and worked, or went into a different field?
photo
HUFFPOST BLOGGER
Maria Mayo
06:55 PM on 06/07/2012
My article does not make a case for complete debt forgiveness. The article examines whether the New Testament materials, particularly the Gospels, could be used to support the idea of debt forgiveness in general and the Student Loan Forgiveness Act of 2012 in particular (and in case you missed it, the answer is no). It also plays out how the metaphor of debt forgiveness might function in a moral sense.

Further, my article does not discuss my own personal financial situation other than to state that I carry a student loan debt. I take full responsibility for that debt and I am equipped to pay it back. Since you asked, I will say that I am completely satisfied with my all of my financial and educational choices, but again, that's not what this article is about.

Since you seem to misunderstand its point, I invite you to read the full text of the Student Loan Forgiveness Act of 2012 by following this link: http://www.opencongress.org/bill/112-h4170/text
02:15 AM on 06/30/2012
I take my responsibility to repay what I owe very seriously. However, it was not disclosed to me, upon signing for my student loans, that I'd be facing daily compounded interest (meaning I'd repay several times the balance of my original loan) and basic rights and consumer protections had been removed from student loans. It wasn't disclosed to me, of course, because truth in lending laws had also been removed. They didn't tell me this, and they didn't have to. Is it really fair to hold anyone, particularly an 18 year old kid, accountable for something that they didn't know they were agreeing to? Sure, I'll pay back my loan - with interest... but within reason.
08:33 PM on 06/06/2012
$100,000.00 in student loan debt and Maria Mayo is still ignorant. Pity. Sadly, this article is indicative of so many people today. Where is the wisdom in this? Wisdom is free for the asking from the only ONE who is wise and yet the college educated populace would rather pay another ignorant person to teach on theory of how to become what they are not. Wise. Sounds to me like borrowed money was riotously wasted and, has now come due to the for profit credit and educational institutions which have suckered you all. Fools... Only GOD can make one wise!
02:17 AM on 06/30/2012
Good heavens. Such callousness coming from a religious person!
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
F-BVFF
04:41 PM on 06/06/2012
Seriously, this is a big economic question. Assume that it's in the nation's public interest to reduce the massive burden of certain student debt, how do we do so in a way that doesn't make future students' debt priced so high that it makes education out of reach or results in an even greater financial crunch. Cut the moral argument for a moment and just give an answer: how can this be solved.

You can all debate the morality of this question all you want. I just want to know what the best route would be from a strictly economic point of view.
photo
Count of Anjou
Fiscal Conservative & Taoist
08:52 AM on 06/07/2012
Anyone who did not consistently have better than a 3.0 GPA throughout high school should not even consider going to college. Unfortunately, everyone is pushing college as the path to prosperity, which is, in many cases, simply not true. Then these vulnerable young adults are allowed to choose any major field of study that they want... we (falsely) call this being supportive, even when they choose a non-marketable degree program with no demand or earning potential. This is wrong. College is VERY expensive and you need to select a degree in demand. A B.S. or even a M.S. in many fields is absolutely worthless. Presuming you are an above average student and have selected a promising field of study, how do you cover the high costs? Why are the tuition costs so high? They are high because of the huge demand for a college education and the ease of obtaining a loan. Parents often take out the loans to subsidize their children's education. This is not beneficial. You ALWAYS work harder when it is your money/future on the line. The student, now an ADULT, should be fully responsible. Go to a community college or online university. Work part-time. Borrow minimally. Do NOT use the loan to cover your living expenses. Do NOT use credit cards. Most importantly, study every waking hour. The more effort YOU put into the process, the more likely you are to suceed. What should most people do? SKIP COLLEGE!
02:49 AM on 06/30/2012
"The student, now an ADULT, should be fully responsible."

Yup, we're adults now... but we weren't when we signed for these loans. Trust me, if my 18 year old self would have known what my adult self knows when I signed for these loans, I never would have done it. That's the danger in marketing government-backed, risk-free predatory loans to teenagers. I do hope you can find it in your heart to have a little compassion for the 36 million people who are in this position. I agree, not everyone should go to college, but they did. Are we going to blame them now for doing what they were told to do? Isn't that called "blaming the victim?"
photo
Count of Anjou
Fiscal Conservative & Taoist
09:02 AM on 06/07/2012
When I tell most people to skip college, they are shocked. There are low cost alternatives to college. Sure, a college education gives you a better chance at getting a job and making better wages, BUT it costs a lot of money. Threre are 2-year trade schools that are viable options. There are semi-skilled jobs: truck driver, welder, heavy equipment operator, mason, etc. that can pay decent wages without tens of thousands of dollars of debt to repay.
02:50 AM on 06/30/2012
Have you seen the cost of tuition for some of those two-year training schools? My friend went to one and walked out with a $40,000 bill. And I believe the majority if not all of that money went toward her tuition.