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Marian Wright Edelman

Marian Wright Edelman

Posted: August 12, 2010 10:10 AM

Education as Opportunity

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African Americans have always seen education as a key to life and freedom. In his autobiography Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, An American Slave, Frederick Douglass taught us that to educate a man is to "forever unfit him to be a slave," but to deny a person education is to "[shut him or her] up in mental darkness." Douglass said that when his former master ordered his wife to stop teaching Douglass to read, he felt he was being treated "as though I were a brute."

Today, if you can't read, you're sentenced to social and economic death in our globalizing world. Even children understand this. The Children's Defense Fund (CDF) Freedom Schools® program provides summer and after-school enrichment that helps children fall in love with reading, increases their self-esteem, and generates more positive attitudes toward learning. At one CDF Freedom Schools site, a 21-year-old servant-leader intern recently described the connection between not being able to read and becoming trapped in our nation's dangerous pipeline to prison: "If you can't read by third grade, you don't want anyone to know you can't read, so you act out. When you act out, you get grouped with the other kids who act out. They can't read [either]. Because no one can read and no one discusses that they can't read, they end up becoming part of gangs and everyone there is there for the same reason . . . But there is always someone in the gang who can read, and those who can't end up becoming their tools."

I remember growing up in the 1940s and 1950s in the South--an inquisitive young girl barred from the public library, the public pool, and other public facilities because of my race. Our segregated and unequally funded school and school library had hand-me-down, out-of-date books from White schools. The external world put a lot of obstacles in my way and told me I wasn't as valuable as White children, but I didn't believe it because my parents and teachers said it wasn't so. My parents valued education and made sure we always had books in our home, even when we did not have a second pair of shoes. At school, our teachers did not allow us to fail. We had great teachers who knew that their job was to prepare us for the future. And there was a strong belief in our community that education was a way out that could give us the means to change the world.

But millions of children who need the same hope and way out today aren't receiving them. Legal segregation is over but inequality is alive and well. Fourteen million children in rich America live in poverty. More than 20 percent of children under age five are poor, including more than 40 percent of Black children and more than 33 percent of Hispanic children. Just as was true 50 and 150 years ago, the best hope these children have of lifting themselves out of poverty is a quality education with a good job at the end of the line. As President Obama has said, education is the strongest weapon against social inequality and the best path to opportunity in America. Without a good education, millions of children will remain poor throughout their lives and many will become trapped in the cradle-to-prison pipeline that leads to dropping out of school, arrest, and incarceration.

Pervasive inequities in educational funding, resources, and opportunities have placed poor and minority children in low-performing schools with inadequate facilities and ineffective teachers. Practices such as tracking, social promotion, and out-of-school suspensions and expulsions resulting from 'one-size-fits-all' zero tolerance discipline policies contribute to the discouragement and disengagement many poor children and children of color feel. Instead of being the 'great equalizer,' American education continues to perpetuate inequality, with the result that poor children stay poor, poorly educated, and unskilled. Rather than providing a way out of poverty and discrimination, American schools too often mimic the economic and racial disparities that poison the rest of American society, with devastating results for children and at great cost to our nation.

Sociologist Ray Rist put it powerfully forty years ago: "if one desires this society to retain its present social class configuration and the disproportional access to wealth, power, social and economic mobility, medical care, and the choice of life styles, one should not disturb the methods of education [operating in America]." (emphasis added)

Is that what we really desire for our nation's and children's future? Or are we prepared to stand up, speak out, and raise a ruckus until our schools live up to the promise of educating every child? It's time for every adult to step forward and assume their responsibility of preparing children for the future. The purpose of schools is to educate children. With a majority of children of all races and income groups--and over 80 percent of Black and Hispanic children--behind grade level in reading and math in 4th, 8th, and 12th grade, we are failing.

 

Follow Marian Wright Edelman on Twitter: www.twitter.com/ChildDefender

 
 
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08:42 PM on 08/15/2010
With respect, the problem is more complex than Ms Edelman describes. Any analysis based on race has been overtaken by events. That is part of globalisation. Consider the redistribution of wealth. What specific proposals do you have? How would they effect the many, very many, people of colour who are wealthy - some very wealthy? Are some too wealthy?

There has been educational opportunity for many millions of all classes and races. The result is plain to see - a massively expanded middle-class which is materialist and consumerist. This middle class remains irrational in its devotion to nationalist and religious ideas. Did education fail?

When education of the lower classes succeeds to a degree, there is flight of the most succesful from lower class neighbourhoods. Whereas in the past, those deprived of education might become leaders of progressive organisations at local level, now they are submitting comments to web-sites from comfortable homes in atomised social circumstances. Education has deprived the lower classes of radical leadership. How do we respond to that?

Your homilies, well-meant, and well-worn, are, I have to say, old-fashioned and somewhat superficial.
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Skeptical Patriot
10:54 PM on 08/14/2010
The system educating our children is profoundly broken. Access to school is dictate not by your choice of schools by where you can afford to live. Therefore Greenwich CT schools are fundamentally better than schools in the inner city. It is in fact a system of educational apartheid that limits opportunity based on income. Without school choice, without a system that measures success by the success of students not the requirements of union contracts, until there is competition to a monolithic system, there will be no change for the kids that need it most
11:50 PM on 08/12/2010
I am tired of hearing that poor schools need money or that poor schools perform badly because due to a lack of funding.

I work in the Kansas City, Missouri School District which spends more than ANY district in the metropolitan area, even Shawnee Mission East which has extremely impressive academics. My district spends roughly $15,000 per student and yet many of its high schools have average ACT scores of 14 or 15. At my school, roughly ten percent of students are proficient in math and reading.

No, money is not the problem. The problem is twofold: 1) Most of these students come to school with an anti-education mindset from their parents and community, and they care very little about obtaining an education; and 2) the school district REFUSES to engage in discipline, hold students accountable for their failures, and it cares very little about the many wonderful, smart, and intelligent children that are forced every day to sit though classes where a handful disrupt the educational process and STEAL their education.

I'm tired of reading articles by so-called "experts" such as this author. The education system would be a better place without them.
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cjaco
03:09 PM on 08/14/2010
Same in Los Angeles - and we get only 4500 per student and class sizes of 35 or over. I wonder when the lynch mobs will come? After Guggenheim's propagandist film Waiting for Superman?
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11:13 PM on 08/12/2010
This is really well done and I don't want to get off topic but, "including more than 40 percent of Black children and more than 33 percent of Hispanic children." while true is a very broad view. It's not just white people and everything else. I am 2nd generation lithuanian and grew up in the US with poverty and dispair. I am white. This is a poverty issue. There are many more poor "minority" people yes for reasons that have been discussed the world over. My point is that it's not just white people and everyone else. I know you realize this but enjoyed your piece and wanted to comment.
11:57 AM on 08/12/2010
Why are teachers blamed for everything in education? Teachers who work in the poorer schools are threatened with firing if their students don't score on the test makers newly minted and profitable tests. Teachers don't set education policy-no nothing politicans and so called experts do. Overpaid superintendents and chancellors go from one high paid job to another spouting this reform garbage. First do not harm and do not throw out the baby with the bath water. Put an educator in charge of the Education Department and let the President work on jobs and the economy and stay out of education-a subject he knows absolutely nothing about since both he and his kids only atttend the "elite" private schools. Show some respect for working class people and I mean teachers. Let them teach and restore some discipline in the schools. Use all this bribe money by Arnie for social programs and real needs such as builidngs and textbooks and computers for poor kids. Do not promote this separate but unequal education policy that will destroy equality and universal education in America-the foundation of our society.
The MSM spouts the failure of public education everyday and promotes charters and Arnie. Wish they had to teach one month in an urban school district and see reality-hungry kids, abused kids, parents with no jobs, etc. Teachers who dare to teach in these schools should be rewarded not threatened with firing.
11:57 PM on 08/12/2010
Teachers are blamed because they're a convenient scapegoat and have no political power.
11:06 AM on 08/12/2010
I'm getting sick and tired of this bull$h!t, having once again to listen to the idiotic ramblings of one who places the entire burden for one's education on the teachers alone.

If a parent fails to monitor the child's study habits, it's the teacher's fault for failing to monitor their offspring 24 hours a day. If the child considers learning and paying attention in class too boring and ineffectual, it's the teacher's fault for somehow failing to morph their mindset into a manner which finds education attractive. And so on.

How about getting your head out from where the sun don't shine long enough to afford a fleeting glimpse at reality (which shouldn't be too difficult, even for you) long enough to deduce that even the best teachers in the world can only insure so much when parents and students assume no responsibility whatsoever for their own learning and study habits.

Ultimately, I look forward to seeing Obama implement his idiotic educational reforms in place, if only to see the dumbfounded expressions of the likes of you when even the best teachers that money can buy fail to induce the miraculous results you so anticipated.

But as surely as old habits die hard, you'll probably find some excuse to scapegoat the teachers for that as well.

Either way, listening to your idiotic ramblings is a waste of anyone's time.
been2there
Facts have a liberal bias.
11:33 AM on 08/12/2010
Let us be r ealistic about something--poorly educated kids are expensive to society. Would you rather spend money on seeing to education, especially early childhood education, or prison? Education pays dividends; prison has a negative return on investment.
If simple justice and humanity do not move you to support helping the KIDS, whether the parents are "good" or not, simple good sense should.
11:56 PM on 08/12/2010
I don't think he's arguing that money shouldn't be spent. Instead, his point is that blaming teachers is pointless when they're not the omniscient, omnipotent beings that reports, experts, and policy makers think they are, and especially when many children harbor anti-education mindsets and come from homes where learning just isn't important.

I don't mean to sound rude (I really don't), but you should substitute-teach at an urban school for a week. Seriously. You'll leave a different person.
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Paulette carty
11:03 AM on 08/12/2010
Powerful!