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Marlo Thomas

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Another Equal Pay Day? Really?

Posted: 04/12/11 01:00 AM ET

If one more person points to Meg Whitman or Arianna Huffington as proof of women's earning power, I'm going to scream. That's like saying Tiger Woods and Will Smith are slam-dunk proof that black Americans have broken into the ranks of the über-rich.

2011-04-09-59Cent.jpgWhich brings us to National Equal Pay Day. I can't believe we're having another one. I still have my little green button from 1970 -- with "59¢" emblazoned on it -- tacked to my bulletin board. I remember how we all wore that button on our t-shirts as we marched to protest the gender pay disparity of that time. Now we're at 77 cents.

Forty years and 18 cents. A dozen eggs has gone up 10 times that amount.

There are people who undermine the pay gap by citing the women who make 98 cents on every dollar a man makes. But this is an elite group. According to the National Women's Law Center, the vast majority of American women -- working "full-time, year-round" -- are still stuck in that shameful 77-cent zone. The gap, says the National Women's Law Center, translates into "$10,622 less per year in female median earnings." Those are real dollars that could cover real expenses -- like food and school and clothes and health care and childcare.

Many companies try to disguise the inequity. Take the infamous Wal-Mart sex discrimination case, in which it was revealed that female workers at Wal-Mart earned about 5 percent less than men doing similar jobs between 1996 and 2001. Defenders of Wal-Mart might tell you that the discrepancy is practically negligible -- that, in fact, hourly-waged men make only 37 cents an hour more than the women.

But climb a little further up that corporate ladder -- to the career jobs -- and it's impossible to disguise the inequity. At the senior vice president level at Wal-Mart, says the report, the average pay for a man is $419,435 a year. And for women? Just $279,772. That's $150,000 a gap -- too many numerals for my little green button.

There are those who will dismiss this disparity and ask us women to congratulate ourselves for moving up the corporate food chain. That's the ol' you've-come-a-long-way-baby kind of thinking. It's too late for that. Today, as we mark another Equal Pay Day (or as some of us call it, Unequal Pay Day), we can't celebrate a mere 17-cent gain made over four decades.

So what do we do? We've worn the buttons, we've done the marches, we've lobbied. Now what?

Now we do what we Americans must always do: speak up and be heard. Thankfully, our voices are being carried by Senators Barbara Mikulski and Rosa L. DeLauro, who today will reintroduce on the floor of the U.S Senate the Paycheck Fairness Act, which would, among other things:

  • Require that employers defend any gender pay disparities by showing that the pay differences exist for legitimate, job-related reasons,
  • Remove obstacles that prevent discriminated upon employees from filing class action lawsuits, and
  • Ensure that the Department of Labor utilizes the full range of its investigatory tools to uncover pay discrimination.


"Women and men everywhere should call their Congress representatives and urge them to support this bill," Judy Lichtman, a senior adviser at the National Partnership for Women and Families, told me on the phone. "That would be the most powerful way to celebrate Equal Pay Day."

I think that's a great idea. So let's do it. I don't want to have to take my little green button off my bulletin board again.

Visit Marlo on her website on AOL. You can also connect with her on Twitter -- @MarloThomas -- and Facebook.

 

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If one more person points to Meg Whitman or Arianna Huffington as proof of women's earning power, I'm going to scream. That's like saying Tiger Woods and Will Smith are slam-dunk proof that black Amer...
If one more person points to Meg Whitman or Arianna Huffington as proof of women's earning power, I'm going to scream. That's like saying Tiger Woods and Will Smith are slam-dunk proof that black Amer...
 
 
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02:53 AM on 04/18/2011
It's very disingenuous to flatly compare the wages of men and women on average without controlling for age, education, experience, hours worked and industry.

You cannot simply say that women with masters make less than men if you don't control for industry as for instance a masters in education pays far less than a masters in electrical engineering. A masters or PHD in social work pays far less than a masters in finance.

Comparing VP positions at Wal Mart is also worthless unless you compare education, years of experience and the position held. A VP of HR likely earns less than a VP of product development. A VP with 30 years experience likely earns less than one with 10. VP's willing to relocate to foreign soil likely earn more than those not willing to.

I haven't seen any studies to date that control for all relevant variables on which a definitive judgment can be based.
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alumcreek
sorry to see humanity repeating errors ad nauseam
08:32 AM on 04/18/2011
I am amazed that you assume no one besides you would be aware of the potential to make a mistake and not compare apples to apples and oranges to oranges.

You are either repeating sheer right wing misogynistic BS or you are horribly ignorant. I suspect I know which it is.
09:16 AM on 04/18/2011
No I am quite aware that people INTENTIONALLY compare apples and oranges to suit a political agenda. I vigorously study statistics when such claims are made and sometimes I end up changing my mind based on the evidence. Unfortunately all of the claims made in this article are comparing apples and oranges. So thus one cannot deduct a sound conclusion.

Case in point "Now we're at 77 cents."

This is a comparison of every man and every woman in the US regardless of age, education, hours worked, industry etc. etc. etc. How do I know? First of all most all sites will tell you, our you can calculate and get the number yourself. Just divide the average female salary by the average male salary. 77%. Such a broad statistic without being controlled for age/education/hours/industry is absolutely meaningless.

I agree that women take home less income per year on average when compared to men. But take home pay and "pay equality" are two entirely different things. A doctor makes more than a janitor but I wouldn't call that pay in-equality as they are providing vastly different services with vastly different utility to society.
02:36 AM on 04/18/2011
I have an alternate theory based on personal anecdotal evidence. Putting aside everything else (women work less hours, take more time off, age, education etc....). I've noticed that no matter how strong a business woman can be in the board room they are almost always reluctant to FIGHT for a pay increase. I have had this discussion with many of my female friends who are in all varying types of employment and most hold masters and MBA's in fields relevant to their work and are typically more educated than their male counterparts. However when it comes time to negotiate compensation, whether it be their starting salary, re-negotiation or yearly evaluation EVERY women I have spoken to has been too meek to ask for bigger raises and bonuses. They all tend to just be happy with what they are getting and don't believe there is a possibility that they can get any more. Many have even admitted to me that they are not good at negotiation and don't want to offend their superiors by asking for more money. This is completely ridiculous!!!!! Women need to stand up for themselves and ask for more pay! Legislation will not cause this imbalance to decline, it requires personal initiative.

Companies will not just pay you more because you "think" you deserve it. You actually have to ask for it. Otherwise they will pay you the least amount they can to keep you on board and performing.
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alumcreek
sorry to see humanity repeating errors ad nauseam
08:37 AM on 04/18/2011
Why fight to receive what you have earned by improving the corporation? (Because those who fight for a raise do so knowing full well they are undeserving?) Why start women at a lower pay scale than men and keep them there?

Is there no value to American corporations in women caring for their children?

If you seek excuses to explain discrimination and bigotry you will surely find many. They have been used for centuries and will continue to be proffered as long as ignorance, arrogance and stupidity are ubiquitous in this society.
09:49 AM on 04/18/2011
"Why start women at a lower pay scale than men and keep them there?"

***Show me a study that a specific company pays men and women with equal qualifications different amounts of starting salary and you have yourself a fully legitimate lawsuit. Like I said, my own theory is that women are not forceful enough in asking for raises/starting salaries. I was able to obtain a 100K+ increase in salary by simply asking for more money and holding out. My girlfriend on the other hand who has a better education than I and an equally good resume took the FIRST offer put in front of her, I came to find out she has done this at every job she has had since leaving school 5 years ago. After being passed up for a promotion she thought that was that and she had to live with it. I convinced her to demand more pay and the promotion. After a few weeks of tense negotiations with her boss she was able to get a 40K raise and the promotion. Just like being respected I believe that you are treated the way you allow yourself to be treated.

"Is there no value to American corporatio ns in women caring for their children?"

***You will not be paid as much if you work less hours. There is simply less utility to the company. Unless you are more productive by working less hours then there is no value.
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JayPhilosopher
cineaste philosopher
10:13 PM on 04/17/2011
While discrimination against women in wages is a problem, it should not be used to cover over the real economic problem, the low wages paid to the great majority of workers under the capitalist system. I just paid my taxes on wages of $41,000 between my wife and me. I was surprised to learn that we were in the top 40% of income in people filing tax returns.. We live in rather dire poverty, eating out about one day a month, unable to afford to attend a play or concert, unable to afford decent health care insurance and desperately behind on our mortgage payments. It is hard to believe that 60% of people are poorer than us.

The fact that women are generally paid less than men should make us demand reforms, but the fact that so many of us live in increasing poverty should make us ready to risk our lives to overthrow capitalism and institute a humane socialist system at long last.
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JayPhilosopher
cineaste philosopher
10:25 PM on 04/17/2011
Incidentally, I still love "That Girl," and think it would be great if Marlo produced a new sit-com about Ann-Marie's granddaughter called "That Woman".
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cayuse
Soaring Eagle, soaring to Spirit from the ego self
11:27 PM on 04/17/2011
I know, before the women rushed into the Job market. I hear a man made more than both today in relative buying power.

High Fianance is it great. I am sure now that Egypt is getting a Vote they will be really happy, too. When they realizing voting is not "establishing justice" of the USA Constitution.
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09:52 PM on 04/17/2011
i struggled mightily from the early'70's onward toward earning what blue collar men get, and i never did make it, but the effort was worth it.
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cayuse
Soaring Eagle, soaring to Spirit from the ego self
11:28 PM on 04/17/2011
And ou would not even think of it today, right?
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09:51 PM on 04/17/2011
I want to thank the various commentators. The comments were more helpful than the post. The perspectives/opinions/views were very insightful/educational and w/o some of the usual juvenile rancour.
07:00 PM on 04/17/2011
No company can currently afford discrimination. Its all about production, and any company that fails to take advantage of all available resources regardless of race, gender, etc. will lose market share. So the point is really moot.
07:21 PM on 04/17/2011
That theory has actually been disproven by many economists for a variety of reasons. The easiest one to grasp is sometimes consumers will pay a "discrimination premium" for certain services. Racist whites may be unwilling to do business with black employees. Or bar patrons may not want to go to a bar that doesn't discriminate on the basis of gender ( think about it: males rather go to bars with all females, have you ever even heard of a cocktail waiter?) Discrimination is all over the place. The other idea that is pretty easy to grasp is that its easy for business to completely shut out black or hispanic minorities in many areas in the country because an employer receives dozens of applications for just one job opening and when deciding between an equally capable minority or white, they will go white. There has also been studies to show that when job applicants have black names they are less likely to get interview requests then people with white sounding names. Just read up on freakonomics. The idea that the free market will end discrimination is pretty silly and completely contradicted by the facts.
07:58 PM on 04/17/2011
Ultimately, what goes around comes around. Many countries, particularly in the Middle East squander much of their intellectual capital (up to 50% based on gender bias), and as a result suffer the consequences. No company, or country, can afford such luxuries in the face of competition absent such bias. Any company (or country) with racial or sexual discrimination almost literally has one hand tied behind its back. It's really all about who can make the $$, not gender or race, and there will never be a way to legislate away that fundamental truth.
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multidoc
Re-animating the dead since 1922
12:21 AM on 04/18/2011
That is assuming that magically when it comes to business decisions, humans suddenly become rational. Business is no more rational, or less prejudiced, than any other field of human endeavor.
12:39 AM on 04/18/2011
To grown-ups, all of governance is the allocation of resources. Everything else is excuses, not magic. No man has or will ever take $.01 out of his pocket for the sake of "man power" - that's simply a myth. Businesses exist to make money, and will leverage the most productive resources to do so, regardless of gender.
06:53 PM on 04/17/2011
Both sides of this debate mislead the public. When one holds all the variables constant (education, work hours, experience, negotiating pay, type of job etc.) there is still a gap of about 5-7 cents which economists think has to do with discrimination. The thing is Men are more likely to work longer hours, work for more continuous years, are more likely to negotiate for a higher wage whereas women are more likely to take the offer, and men tend to go into higher paying fields. When women take time off in their late 20s or early 30s to raise a family, this has a huge impact on earnings. and women are far more likely than men to take time off and raise a family. Those all have impacts on earnings. Education overall is now about even and will soon tilt towards women as the more educated men leave the labor force and more educated women enter. 5-7% is still substantial: http://research.stlouisfed.org/publications/regional/00/10/GenderWageDiscrimination.pdf
this economist found discrimination to be 6.2 cents on the dollar.
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09:57 PM on 04/17/2011
don't forget that unlike many european countries, the united states expects women to do all the child rearing privately and even throws obstacles in the way of her doing any family planning. some societies actually value both their young and child rearing, paying for them in various ways or just making them available.
10:47 PM on 04/17/2011
unlike many european countries? not the one's I've been to.
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RichInSeattle
10:42 PM on 04/17/2011
How dare you point to factual honest accounts that explain the entire problem instead of just the part that proves the point of whatever bias that most people have!!!!! Facts just ruin the fun and get in the way. (sarcasm)

Very good post. Thanks for making it.
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Trickish Knave
Both sides suck, but neither will admit it.
06:50 PM on 04/17/2011
Is the 77 cent pay gap the same if the woman is attractive? It is a fact, proven by many studies, that women who are attractive will earn more- just like men who are taller and good looking are more likely to get promoted.
06:31 PM on 04/17/2011
Women in the workplace do seem to make less than their male counterparts. But there seems to be a trend where predominantly female HRs hire women over men, and fire men over women. Most industries and specialties seem to show women attaining more than 50% of the workforce while males shrink to less than 50%, a consequence of female-favored workplaces.

I'd rather be female and make 77 cents for every dollar my male coworkers make, than stand a good chance of not make anything at all, at least in a well-paid professional setting.
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10:12 PM on 04/17/2011
that's not a female favored workplace: it's a cheap boss!
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MrPragmatic
05:23 PM on 04/17/2011
It is a myth that women make less than men. When women are employed in the same position and have the same education and experience, it has been shown that there is no difference in pay. Where the so called inequality comes into play as that women traditionally gravitate towards professions that simply pay less such as teaching, non-profits, social services, etc. A disproportionate number of women hold jobs in those fields and businesses and thus skewed data is used to proclaim that women make less, which they don't. They simply choose fields that pay less.
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RichInSeattle
06:02 PM on 04/17/2011
I'm not sure if that's true. Can you please tell me if this your opinion or are you stating proven facts?
06:46 PM on 04/17/2011
It's not true. When one holds all the variables constant (education, work hours, experience, negotiating pay, and type of job) discrimination is about 5-7%.
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MrPragmatic
09:00 PM on 04/17/2011
Statistics are easily manipulated to fit the outcome that one wishes to get. I'm sure that there are arguments on both sides of the debate that can make for convincing statistical outcome. I admit that sometimes I like to play devil's advocate and bring arguments contrary to whatever is being spoon fed as fact. Do some checking and you will find that there are elements of truth in what I wrote and evidence contrary to my assertion that proclaim that women do indeed make less. Check out the link below and watch the video from ABC news. It sort of turns the women make less argument on its head.

http://abcnews.go.com/WN/reverse-gender-gap-study-young-childless-women-earn/story?id=11538401
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Trickish Knave
Both sides suck, but neither will admit it.
06:46 PM on 04/17/2011
" They simply choose fields that pay less."

Did you even read the same article I read? " At the senior vice president level at Wal-Mart, says the report, the average pay for a man is $419,435 a year. And for women? Just $279,772. That's $150,000 a gap"

Same positions, different pay.
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psmarc93
Mean people suck
08:31 PM on 04/17/2011
Carl! You tell 'em.
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MrPragmatic
09:03 PM on 04/17/2011
Did they have the same education and experience? The same seniority? Did they take more time off for family reasons? Women tend to take more unpaid time off then men which is one factor in the appearance that they make less.
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LoneTree
Liberty is more precious than life.
05:20 PM on 04/17/2011
I'm out of the loop on this one, where I worked men and women were paid exactly the same (and women were actively recruited, while men stood in line to apply). Can someone provide a payscale that shows a discrepancy between individuals based on race, sex, gender, religion, ethnicity, or *drum roll* AGE? Because it's as simple as this question, "What is the objective, equal opportunity, or equal outcomes?" Because I'll support equal opportunity to my grave, but what I'm reading here isn't about equal opportunity. It's about forcing equal outcomes, regardless of the whole range of issues that create wealth for an individual, a corporation, or a nation.

And there's an unfortunate sliver of victimhood(*) in all this, to boot.

(*) Unfortunate, because in today's legal environment, victimhood can get a person a subsistence level remediation, but it then bars the door to true big-time success.
06:09 PM on 04/17/2011
LONETREE, you will have a hard time finding a woman that will admit this but a strong one did write for the Wall Street Journal on this myth last Tuesday.This myth continues because men allow it. The truth must be told and an end to the high level of privilige women recieve on the backs of males. They recieve more attention from an all female teacher force in grades k-12, get gender based scholarships, attend college in much greater numbers, are recruited for large firms at great levels. recieve business loans and cultivation based on gender, and then ONLY hire other women when they are in management, but they complain about pay when they are the ones in management!

As you read they cannot answer the issues of choice of career, which they fought so hard to have. Which is it, do they have choices and use them or are they...yet again, victims of the male boogyman.

The wonderful thing about this is how infrequently you hear women hail the accomplishments they have made or tell the truth about our collective lives. In the age of the internet, this lie is being exposed for what it is.

Equality means getting the bad just as much as the good!!! Women should not come last...or first!
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LoneTree
Liberty is more precious than life.
08:37 PM on 04/17/2011
Thank you for your perspective. I know that decades ago, discrimination was institutionalized. My Mom had a dear friend who worked for ALCOA, her friend was so valuable as an analyst that they had to, as my Mom said it, "Put her on the male payscale to be able to give her a raise." But that was the late 1940's to early 50's.

If there is any wisp of discrimination, I will go to the wall in the fight against that. But where there is equal opportunity, including unavoidable differences that are as well remediated as they can be, then it's time for every American to hitch up her (or his) pants and get on with life. If I want what Jane has, I have to do what Jane does.
04:40 AM on 04/18/2011
Gender based scholarships? Seriously? Where are these things? I applied to every scholarship you could ever imagine and not one did I find for women only. Trust me, if they were available, I would have pounced on every single one I found - and probably won at least a couple, considering I managed to get National Merit and quite a few others anyway. If I get so much of a benefit for being female, well geez! I want to cash in!

Ironically, because so many women are applying for college, that actually makes it a lot harder for us to get in in the first place. I don't know why men aren't applying as much; likely they have more viable career options than women do (or they're generally more into careers where you work with your hands, e.g. plumbing/other technical & skilled labor). But point is that if you are a white, American female who needs financial aid, you're going to have the hardest time getting into college right now. It's not that easy for us as you make it sound. And while certain measures of the pay gap or other measures may overestimate the inequality or ignore certain causes of it, that doesn't at all mean that women have those sort of advantages, or at least on any consistent basis. If you disagree with the research, do your own and get back to us.
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alumcreek
sorry to see humanity repeating errors ad nauseam
04:48 PM on 04/17/2011
I refuse to believe that the men who employ most of teh lobbying firms will brook any nonsense about equal pay. They pay the truly bright women chump change and the mediocrity in maleness a decent salary and they have no intetion of allowing any changes.
By keeping women all too aware that they are not valued they foster a sense of low self esteem and an unwillingness to press demands for equal tratment.
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eschenk718
04:47 PM on 04/17/2011
Here are some basic facts. A few years ago while working for a medium sized company my boss handed me a disk and said it had all the employees salaries on it done by last name. He wanted me to take the disk and set it up so that it was done by salary with the best paid first on down. I set it up and ran it. It took me to number 28 before there was a female on the list. There were 28 men being paid more than any woman. This is so ingrained in our society that most of us don't even notice the inequality. It is part of our everyday life. It is in our churches on Sunday in many religions. Even when women are allowed in the pulpit the women are told they are subject to their husbands. If you watched the almost shutdown of our government last weekend you should have noticed it was all men doing the negotiating. Don't tell me we've come a long way baby. We still have a long way to go.
08:59 PM on 04/17/2011
That is why many companies say to never tell anyone what you make. They do not want you to know that there are differences.
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alex61
04:07 PM on 04/17/2011
This is nonsense and always has been.
The only valid comparison:
A man and a woman have the same job, have worked for the company for the same length of time, are equally productive and valuable. That's what you compare.
Are you telling me that the woman is only getting 77 cents for every dollar her male counterpart gets?
There are many other factors about why "men" are "paid more."
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splashy
Really?!?!!!
04:48 PM on 04/17/2011
Yes, that's what is being told to you. Women are being paid less than men for the same job done equally well.

In fact, in the lay-offs in the last few years, men were laid off more than women for that very reason - companies realized they could get the wages lower by laying off the men and have the women that were doing the same job for less keep their jobs. Look at the rates of lay-offs by gender.

So, if you are a man, maybe you should push for equal pay so that YOU won't be discriminated against when it comes to lay-offs, because you cost the company more for the same work.
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RichInSeattle
06:13 PM on 04/17/2011
Youre apprach in dealing with others on this thread is causing more harm to your point than it is helping. Trying having a grown up conversation instead of attacking everyone. Maybe the results will surprise you.
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LiberalBuzz
Voting republican is voting against America.
06:23 PM on 04/17/2011
Haven't got a  clue have you.
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LibertyRoy
Listen up! I am a Libertarian, not a Republican!
02:11 PM on 04/17/2011
This will not be a popular statement, but it must be considered. Is it possible that both men and women bosses simply feel that men are more driven to be better employees than women and that even with the same backgrounds, their guts tell them the men are more valuable?

I am not saying that is necessarily IS true, but could this be what is happening. And might there be some truth to it? If it is the case that men are underpaying women, then at places like PepsiCo, where Forbes has named their CEO ( a woman) the "most powerful woman in business" six years running, then surely under her reign, this dynamic must be lower, right?

I would be curious to see if it is or not. Maybe men AND women have some gut instinct that your average man is more valuable in the workforce than the average woman over 20-40 years and they take this into account from day one.

Like I said, I'm not saying it is right, I am just saying that may be how it is.
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splashy
Really?!?!!!
04:17 PM on 04/17/2011
You are talking about institutional discrimination, caused by our societal tendency to think that men are better after years of propaganda.

That is the point of "gut instinct" in that it's something that is not confirmed by facts. Doesn't mean it's the way it should be, you are right there.
06:18 PM on 04/17/2011
No this is not what happens. Jobs are posted and people negotiate for salary based on education, experience and background skills. Some, male and female do this very well, and others don't.

Other companies, including federal and state governements, post a salary and then take in applications. I have no idea what world these numbers are coming from about how, of course an all male management team, conspires to pay every single women in America less than the male applicants. If this were happening, the laws suits would be numerous and all over the news.

This would also be a conspiracy on the level of who really shot JFK and did we ever land on the moon.

Just because someone claims to know how much another worker makes, does not make it a fact, But the remedies for this are codified within our legal system. A women, just like a man, can complain, ask for a raise, go to HR (made up off women), quit and/or sue.
06:52 PM on 04/28/2011
Are you really unfamiliar with the Ledbetter case or that female doctors have a starting beginning salary averaging $15,000 less despite having higher performance ratings? I know of three women personally who have gotten promotions with no pay increase and that have discovered that despite their seniority of title or years (even 20 years) the first year new male nurse starts at a higher salary; or the psychologist with a less prestigious degree earns a higher salary in their first year. Right out of college, women with higher gpa's earn less than their male counterparts in every field. Fields with a predominance of women - like veternarians see rapidly declining men in the field because more women means less pay.

In an interesting study in 2003, groups of people were asked to evaluate - after viewing videotapes or transcripts of interviews - men and women who were applying for a fictitious job, half of who tried to negotiate their salary and half of whom did not. What did they find? Men were always less willing to work with women who attempted to negotiate than with a woman who did not. They always preferred to work with a woman who stayed quiet. Men who negotiated were seen as strong, confident and more intelligent.

I would deduce that women quickly learn not to negotiate for their starting salary especially.

The republicans just unanimously blocked a bill that would have made it easier for women to fight for fair wages. Why?