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Matthew L. Skinner

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John 2:13-22: Where Can God Be Found?

Posted: 03/ 7/2012 9:31 am

Maybe the most divisive religious statements are the ones that make claims about how and where God can be found. Disagreements among people of faith today remind us that disputes over God's "accessibility" never go away. Jesus' conflicts with the authorities of his day remind us that such controversies are nothing new.

Jesus and the Temple

Most historians conclude that the execution of Jesus was a consequence of -- perhaps among other things -- words he spoke criticizing the Temple in Jerusalem and its leadership. It appears some sort of demonstration he performed in the temple precinct was also part of the equation.

There are persistent debates about why Jesus criticized the Temple system. The Gospels don't give a clear picture of his specific reasons or their validity. Most likely his dissatisfaction stemmed from corruption he perceived among the priestly elites, who held significant civil authority as Roman puppets, and whose hypocrisy and disregard for the poor struck a raw nerve in the zealous preacher from Galilee. The Gospels give no real evidence to conclude that Jesus rejected temples as a matter of principle, or that he regarded sacrificial practices as inappropriate.

He must have known, though, that temples are powerful things, because of the ideas they symbolize. Messing with them is usually dangerous.

The Jerusalem Temple was hardly one sacred site among many for those who worshiped there early in the first century. Here was the place, they believed, where God was most present. The Temple served as the focus of identity -- religious, national, social, you name it -- for many (but certainly not all) Jews of Jesus' time, especially those influenced by the elite members of Jerusalem society. For some, it stood as the architectural and symbolic centerpiece of their most important city -- a city that played a key role in their most cherished memories, and a location that would figure in a hoped-for future when God's promises would be fully realized.

The theological character of the place lent it incredible significance. That is, the Temple figured in discussions among Jesus' compatriots concerning where God is to be found and how God is to be known. This was true even for those who had turned their back on the physical temple. For example, the community that left the Dead Sea Scrolls (a group sharply critical of the Jerusalem Temple's leadership) organized itself and its functions to express its expectation that God would provide a new, authentic, pure temple.

So, when Jesus arrives in town and speaks of the Temple's impending destruction, the Gospels depict him trafficking in incredibly potent ideas. He offends powerful people, speaking to convictions deeply rooted in the cultural identities and religious values they affirm.

But What Did He Say?

Memories of Jesus' words about the Temple's destruction differ across the four Gospels. One reason for this has to do with how Jesus' followers remembered his views toward the Temple and deemed his attitudes significant as their world was changing around them.

By the time the Gospels were written, the Temple actually was in ruins, the climactic casualty of a devastating war between Rome and Jewish revolutionaries about 40 years after Jesus' death. The Gospels, therefore, attempt to help their earliest readers understand the relevance of memories about Jesus' outlook on the Temple. Of course, this relevance took on increased importance once the Romans reduced the temple to little more than rubble.

And so the particularities of the story about Jesus' "Temple act" in the Gospel according to John deserve special notice. Jesus disrupts commercial activity in the Temple compound, similar to accounts in the other Gospels. But then the Gospel author quickly interprets Jesus' words about the Temple's destruction:

"Jesus answered them, 'Destroy this temple, and in three days I will raise it up.'" (verse 19, NRSV)

"But he was speaking of the temple of his body." (verse 21, NRSV)

In John, then, Jesus doesn't necessarily call for the destruction of the Jerusalem Temple or imply it somehow would deserve its ruin. Rather, the author tells us, Jesus metaphorically refers to himself as a temple. Where will God be found? How will God be known? In a newly raised temple, Jesus promises: in his own resurrected body.

Is That Good News, Or Bad?

The Gospel author's interpretation suggests, then, that Jesus' raised body became a site (or did the author mean the site?) of God's presence -- a place where God is encountered in the world. Not confined to a single point on a map, Jesus serves as the "place" where God is accessible.

This interpretation would have been good news to the first readers of John's Gospel, who had embraced Jesus as God's Messiah and who might otherwise have been unnerved by the Jerusalem Temple's recent decimation. God remains within people's reach, just in a different place.

The interpretation also coheres well with the Gospel of John's understanding of Jesus' identity. He is "the Word" of God that "became flesh and lived among us" and "made God known" (John 1:14, 18, NRSV). Perhaps this is why John locates Jesus' "Temple act," not in the final week of Jesus' life (as the other Gospels do), but near the beginning of Jesus' public ministry: to illustrate what those preceding statements say about Jesus as the presence of God among us.

Christians need to tread very carefully here, for this understanding of Jesus as a new temple has led to grave problems in the history of Jewish-Christian relations. Christians have exploited the destruction of the Jerusalem Temple in the year 70 as an excuse to denigrate or to issue a blanket condemnation of Judaism -- in both its ancient and its modern forms. The criticisms Jesus levels in the Gospels toward the Temple and its leadership give no warrant for such a move.

John's Gospel originated during a period of differing (and conflicting) interpretations about fundamental religious commitments. How does one commune with God when there is no Temple edifice? Christians understood Jesus as fulfilling the principal functions the Temple was once said to perform. Those who would come to establish rabbinic Judaism (the foundation of the Judaism practiced today) were moving in different directions. Many of them had been ambivalent about the Temple prior to its destruction, anyway. The point is: The destruction of the Temple hardly made it easier for people to find common ground about the questions of how and where God can be found.

How Public Is God?

For Christians, the idea of God becoming accessible through the resurrected Jesus has a powerful (and empowering) consequence: God's presence becomes pervasive and extremely public.

Many Christian traditions reject the notion of firm distinctions separating "sacred" and "secular" things. A hallowed temple is unnecessary, because God's presence, God's promises and our hopes for God's future aren't located in a specific site. Jesus, who now dwells among his people (and beyond), makes God accessible and extends God's presence into all aspects of our lives. Everything therefore has potential to be "sacred," meaning every dimension of daily living may become a place for encountering God.

No wonder, then, that some Christians want to be very public about their views concerning God's presence in life, including their political life.

Consider, for example, the ways in which religious faith has (again) become a divisive topic in the presidential election season. Part of this is just base pandering by politicians. But another part of it connects to this idea: If God permeates all aspects of my life, shouldn't my vote be informed by my understanding of who God is and how God matters?

Recent comments by some candidates have prompted a coalition of religious groups to issue a statement of principles. Their document entreats politicians to avoid appealing to voters along religious lines and to reject the inclination to use religious beliefs as a measure of any candidate's qualifications.

WATCH Statement of Principles:

For some Christians, the radical accessibility of God in all arenas of life is consistent with an expectation that politicians wear their religious commitments on their sleeves.

For other Christians, membership in a pluralistic society demands exercising more humility and tolerance. After all, too much confidence in delineating exactly where and how God can be known may quickly lead people into the kinds of abuses and hypocrisy Jesus decried in the ruling figures of his day.

Talking about how God is accessible to us may always be controversial. This doesn't mean we should never do it with those who may disagree with our views. But hostility, smugness and intimidation can't be part of the exchange.

Because I'm not sure that God intends to be found in those places.

Editor's Note: ON Scripture is a series of Christian scripture commentaries produced in collaboration with Odyssey Networks. Each week pastors from around the country will approach the lectionary text of the week through the lens of current events, providing a religious voice that is both pastoral and prophetic.

 
 
 
Maybe the most divisive religious statements are the ones that make claims about how and where God can be found. Disagreements among people of faith today remind us that disputes over God's "accessibi...
Maybe the most divisive religious statements are the ones that make claims about how and where God can be found. Disagreements among people of faith today remind us that disputes over God's "accessibi...
 
 
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thankgodimanatheist8
The answer to fools is silence
08:21 PM on 04/11/2012
From the Gospel of Thomas:
Jesus said, "If those who lead you say, 'See, the Kingdom is
in the sky,' then the birds of the sky will precede you. If they
say to you, 'It is in the sea,' then the fish will precede you.
Rather, the Kingdom is inside of you, and it is outside of you.
When you come to know yourselves, then you will become known, and
you will realize that it is you who are the sons of the living
Father. But if you will not know yourselves, you dwell in poverty
and it is you who are that poverty."

And in the Koran it is written: I (god) am closer to you than your carotid artery."
12:34 PM on 03/31/2012
God is everywhere. You do not have to look for Him, you just have to open up your heart and speak honestly to God. Jesus was crucified because he was such a threat to the hierarchies of the regions. His teachings were against the church and this was affecting their profits, so they sought him ought to crucify him.

You don't need to be in a church or anywhere special, for that matter, to be with God. You don't need religion to be with God or Jesus. Just open up your heart and speak from your heart. Your prayers will be heard. View my web page about the church and God to learn true facts told to me by Jesus and the Archangels just several days ago. http://www. youtube.com/theholyspeak
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VinZenTexaN
Without God, life is everything.
03:17 AM on 03/19/2012
Well I rather find papa smurf, he is a lot less hostile . . .

Charlie Chaplin By simple common sense I don't believe in God, in none

I am creationist: I really believe Man created god
01:58 PM on 03/18/2012
it's interesting to find so many atheists in a scripture commentary web page, with so much antagonism and anger desperately trying to refute others' beliefs as if they actually have the power to do so. they remind me of... me.

it's pitiful and heart-warming at the same time. there is hope after all.
08:49 PM on 03/16/2012
It seems clear where the temple is today. Jesus suggested the truth when he had a discussion with the Samaritan woman in John 4. She asked the question where is the correct place to worship, Jerusalem or Mt Gerizim where by the way Samaritans still worship today.

His answer was revolutionary. "True worshipers will worship the Father in spirit and truth." In other words it will not be about a place but about worship from the heart where ever you are.

Paul emphasized the same truth when he said to the converts at Corinth,"Don't you realize that your body is the temple of the Holy Spirit, who lives in you and was given to you by God."ICor. 6:19.

A Christian is the temple of God and able to worship anywhere he/she turns the heart to God. It is a 24/7 affair. We take God with us where ever we go. That is why Paul said it matters greatly what you do with your body.
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gal416
is a Bible verse † † †
04:42 PM on 03/12/2012
John 4:21 Jesus saith unto her, Woman, believe me, the hour cometh, when ye shall neither in this mountain, nor yet at Jerusalem, worship the Father.
23 But the hour cometh, and now is, when the true worshippers shall worship the Father in spirit and in truth: for the Father seeketh such to worship him.
09:49 AM on 03/12/2012
I think of Isaiah 8 14: He will be a holy place; for both Israel and Judah he will be a stone that causes people to stumble and a rock that makes them fall. And for the people of Jerusalem he will be a trap and a snare. And also Isaiah 28 16 So this is what the Sovereign LORD says: “See, I lay a stone in Zion, a tested stone, a precious cornerstone for a sure foundation; the one who relies on it will never be stricken with panic.

And in Jesus own words in Mathew 21 42 Jesus said to them, “Have you never read in the Scriptures:

“‘The stone the builders rejected
has become the cornerstone;
the Lord has done this,
and it is marvelous in our eyes’?

43 “Therefore I tell you that the kingdom of God will be taken away from you and given to a people who will produce its fruit. 44 Anyone who falls on this stone will be broken to pieces; anyone on whom it falls will be crushed.”

Each believer is a stone in the New temple and His Holy Spirit dwells within.

Dont stumble over the rock that is Jesus Christ. Join the temple of the Living God.


Jesus was only the cornerstone of the temple
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TYRANNASAURUS
UGH!....people taste like crap!
08:10 PM on 03/11/2012
Jesus' conflicts with the authorities of his day remind us that such controversies are nothing new...

Since a person named Jesus was never mentioned in any real history...I think it would be great to find definitive proof of this said person before we worry about his conflicts....the Roman authorities that he supposed to have had awful conflicts with never ever have mentioned him anywhere for any reason and the Romans kept meticulous records.
09:06 PM on 03/16/2012
Not true. Tacitus a first century Roman historian gives this account of the great fire of Rome in Annals 15.44" Consequently to get rid of the report, Nero fastened the guilt and inflicted the most exquisite tortures of a class of hated for their abominations, called Christians by the populace. Christus, from whom the name had its origin, suffered the extreme penalty during the reign of Tiberius. . "

Pliny the Younger was a Roman author and in a letter to Emperor Trajan about 112 writes" They were in the habit of meeting on a certain fixed day before it was light, when they sang in alternate verses a hymn to Christ, as to a God..."

To deny the historicity of Jesus is to deny all knowledge of ancient history.
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TYRANNASAURUS
UGH!....people taste like crap!
10:18 AM on 03/17/2012
I've read both thank you...and you as most people will find in anything that for which you are looking for.
01:08 PM on 03/11/2012
He was appalled that they were buying selling and collecting taxes on the Sabbath..
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TYRANNASAURUS
UGH!....people taste like crap!
08:11 PM on 03/11/2012
That's all make believe...so stop worrying.
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10:48 PM on 03/14/2012
Non Christian Historians do not deny Jesus existed. I don't know where you get your facts?
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10:56 PM on 03/14/2012
I heard a message by Dr. David Jeremiah that the pharisees were actually telling worshipers that their altar sacrifices (lambs) were not good enough. The pharisees were forcing the woshipers to buy their lambs for a profit. Im not disputing the selling and collecting of taxes. I just thought it was interesting, because I knew about the taxes. I didn't know about the altar sacrifices. I heard it the other day on the radio.
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chachi2330
03:53 AM on 03/11/2012
praise the good Lord....he's revealed himself to me and many others and as a former athiest I never disrespected anyone's religion but I was asking tough questions for seeking what were they SEEING that I wasn't......too bad so many feel the need to get on here and rudely mock....ah well......
08:40 PM on 03/11/2012
It's unfortunate that the answers to your tough questions involved god instead of you faculties of reason.

Good luck my friend.
FMF- Canada
Pax
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chachi2330
09:17 PM on 03/11/2012
lol don't be sorry without Him I wouldn't know the way
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Debra Martinez
Who is your God...
08:55 AM on 03/13/2012
Good for You.. I am so glad that your look to God the Almighty to provide you the answers you were searching out for. He is a loving God..
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12:45 AM on 03/11/2012
Myths are found under "fiction".
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TYRANNASAURUS
UGH!....people taste like crap!
08:11 PM on 03/11/2012
Or the bible.
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Robert A Alba
03:59 PM on 03/10/2012
You cannot find something that does not exist.
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TYRANNASAURUS
UGH!....people taste like crap!
08:12 PM on 03/11/2012
Hey that's my line Robert....
09:30 AM on 03/12/2012
Yet why do so many know in themselves they have found it - that pearl of great price. You can only say you have not yet found the pearl - not that the pearl is not real.
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Robert A Alba
03:54 PM on 03/12/2012
Why do all you people of "faith" who reply to us atheists (as you call us) sound like broken records repeating the same worn out cliches over and over? Just because you think the pearl is real doesn't mean it's real. It could just as well be a figment of your overwrought imagination and indoctrinated upbringing.
08:48 AM on 03/13/2012
He saved my life - that is why. Perhaps they always sound like a broken record because it is the Spirit of God speaking through them, but you still have not heard what God wanted you to hear through His witnesses. So to some extent you have hardedned your own heart.
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SolarArray
Republican = Trash America, Any Cost
01:16 PM on 03/10/2012
The Imaginary Being. Religion is a scourge and blight on humanity.
09:31 AM on 03/12/2012
Man is the blight on man
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11:14 PM on 03/14/2012
Do you have echolalia? Your a repeat of every single atheist that comes on to these posts. Find a new quote.
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KrautMan
Carpe jugulum
11:08 AM on 03/10/2012
"Where Can God Be Found?"

He's the god of the gaps, so go figure.
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wisdom4you
wisdom is/ = alter ego perspectives :-)
02:09 PM on 03/10/2012
KRAUTMAN !!!!!!!???????? Don' tell me that they LOST god AGAIN!!!???

However, come to think of it, I had not heard that they found him the first time. ?

or her ... or it ... maybe an electronic wave form ???? don't know ...
ThinkCreeps
Seriously, it's time.
12:07 PM on 03/09/2012
Has anyone got an empty cereal packet? I'll make you one.