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Michael D'Antonio

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What if Jesus Had a Wife?

Posted: 09/18/2012 2:27 pm

What if Jesus had a wife?

This is the question that Christianity confronts today after a fragment of papyrus has been presented at a conference of scholars in Rome. The ancient Coptic document includes the phrase "Jesus said to them, my wife" using a term that undoubtedly references a woman who was his spouse and not some metaphorical partner.

Harvard scholar Karen L. King, who announced the discovery of the papyrus at the International Congress of Coptic Studies, believes it is from the latter half of the Second Century. The fragment was authenticated by experts in New York and Jerusalem, but it awaits chemical testing to confirm its age more definitively.

As professor King points out, the passage doesn't prove that Jesus was married. However it casts doubt on the traditional belief that he never had a wife. "Christian tradition has long held that Jesus was not married, even though no reliable historical evidence exists to support that claim," King said today. "This new gospel doesn't prove that Jesus was married, but it tells us that the whole question only came up as part of vociferous debates about sexuality and marriage. From the very beginning, Christians disagreed about whether it was better not to marry, but it was over a century after Jesus's death before they began appealing to Jesus' marital status to support their positions."

The implications of professor King's discovery are profound. If Jesus was married, the main spiritual argument for male-only clergy and the celibacy of Roman Catholic priests falls into question. (Priests wouldn't need to abandon sex in order to imitate him.) But more importantly, if Jesus was a family man, then the claim to special status made by Catholic clergy, who regard themselves as supernaturally closer to God, loses much of its power.

Beyond internal Catholic Church politics, a married Jesus invites a reconsideration of orthodox teachings about gender and sex. If Jesus had a wife, then there is nothing extra Christian about male privilege, nothing spiritually dangerous about the sexuality of women, and no reason for anyone to deny himself or herself a sexual identity. In fact, one could argue that in their obsessive self denial -- of sexual pleasure, intimate relationships, and family - celibates reject the fullness of Jesus' example.

The papyrus in question is owned by a private party who first contacted King in 2010. At the time, recalled King, "I didn't believe it was authentic and told him I wasn't interested." But after the owner persisted, King invited him to bring the document to Harvard. Upon close examination, she was convinced it was an authentic ancient text. King took the fragment to New York where she was joined by Professor Anne Marie Luijendijk, of Princeton University. Together they showed it to Roger Bagnall, director of the Institute for the Study of the Ancient World. Bagnall, a renowned expert in papyrology and the cultures of ancient Egypt and Greece, confirmed its authenticity.

The three scholars trace the papyrus to ancient Egyptian Christians because it is written in the language used by them. Luijendijk suggested that, "a fragment this damaged probably came from an ancient garbage heap, like all of the earliest scraps of the New Testament." She said that since writing appears both sides of the papyrus, it obviously belonged to an ancient book, called a codex, not a scroll.

King and Luijendijk have named the text the Gospel of Jesus's Wife. They believe it is a translation of an even older version, probably written in Greek. It is framed as a dialogue between Jesus and his disciples. Early Christians, who often turned away from their families to follow Jesus, sometimes regarded themselves as a kind of family, with God the Father, his son Jesus, and members as brothers and sisters. Twice in the fragment Jesus speaks of his mother and once of his wife--one of whom is identified as "Mary." The disciples discuss whether Mary is worthy, and Jesus states that "she can be my disciple."

If the fragment dates from before the year 200, it would have been written in the middle of an intense historical debate over marriage for Christians. A century earlier, noted King, Timothy had warned that people who forbid marriage are following the "doctrines of demons." Then, around the year 200, Clement of Alexandria declared that believers should emulate Jesus by not marrying. A decade or two later, said King, Tertullian of Carthage said that Jesus was "entirely unmarried." Tertullian did not condemn marriage, but he denounced divorce and remarriage for widows and widowers.

For Richard Sipe, one of the most widely recognized experts on celibacy, the fragment points to time when the church "had no real organization. It was like Alcoholics Anonymous, a spiritual community where no one was above anyone else." It was only after Christianity became organized and bureaucratic that Jesus was framed as a nonsexual person, added Sipe, who is a former monk. By depriving priests of wives and children the early church secured any property that might be inherited by descendants. This property interest was of great concern to celibacy's early advocates, added Sipe. In scripture, he added, "Jesus was eloquently silent about sex."

Sipe, who has written several books on sexuality and the clergy, predicted that the Gospel of Jesus's Wife will be dismissed by church authorities even as it renews a long running debate over early Christianity and the canon that guides believers today. "The hierarchy will laugh at it," he said, "But then they they'll have to study it." If the fragment is further authenticated it will contribute to "a current reformation of the church that has to has to do with sexuality." Evidence of Jesus as a sexual being "could have been denied deny in the First Century but it cannot be today," he said. "We know too much about human nature now to simply dismiss it."

 
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What if Jesus had a wife? This is the question that Christianity confronts today after a fragment of papyrus has been presented at a conference of scholars in Rome. The ancient Coptic document incl...
What if Jesus had a wife? This is the question that Christianity confronts today after a fragment of papyrus has been presented at a conference of scholars in Rome. The ancient Coptic document incl...
 
 
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12:03 PM on 09/24/2012
While I think it would be cool if Jesus really did have a wife--or a husband--I wonder how that word was used in his time. For example, we can call someone "brother" or "sister" in an informal way, or to indicate closeness when they are not biologically related. Just wondering.
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ndem
02:45 AM on 09/21/2012
wow, as in islam, all this fear of women and any power related to them...why are men so scared of women?
02:12 PM on 09/20/2012
Sir, would you please read the Bible and some early Church history from primary sources before pretending to make an informed statement?
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bfbear54
Nil Magnum Nisi Bonum
01:03 PM on 09/20/2012
I don't think that anyone can prove or disprove whether Jesus had or did not have a wife. I am, however, open to the possibility. In the culture in which he lived it would have been highly unusual for a male to get to his age and not be married. It was expected in that culture that men would marry. I also don't see the problem if he had been married. Jesus was born on earth as a man to save humanity from sin and as such had all the characteristics of man. While he was able to resist the temptation of the devil while in the desert for 40 days and night he was still a man, albeit a divine one and while he asked God to spare him the cup he was meant to drink the night before he was crucified he still was crucified and died for our sins. I don't think it would take away from his purpose of being on earth and dying to atone for our sins if he was married. I don't think anyone really knows or will find out but it is possible and does not change who he was and what he came to earth to do.
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Yeshu Abraham
11:47 PM on 09/19/2012
Karen King claims that a papyrus fragment from the fourth century contains a phrase in which Jesus refers to "My wife."
Christianity first appeared in Egypt in 42 AD in the Egyptian city of Alexandria, a city founded by Alexander. Jesus’ disciple Mark preached in Alexandria and many became Christians. So in 42 AD there was no reference to the wife of Jesus. If such a marriage had happened Mark, a contemporary and disciple of Jesus, would have recorded it. Alexandria was a well developed, cultured city with a huge library. Rome was ruled at that time by Claudius, with a strong Christian population in Rome. In all the books and manuscripts kept in Alexandria and Rome there was absolutely no reference to the wife of Jesus. So the papyrus fragment is fabricated, manipulated and concocted.
Dan Brown also scandalized Jesus in his book, The Da vinci Code. Dan Brown told a lie that there was a secret code in da Vinci’s painting, The Last Supper. But the fact of the matter is Leonardo da Vinci was an Italian and he lived in the 15 th century A.D. Jesus was a Palestinian and he lived in the Ist century A.D. How could da Vinci know the secret life of Jesus since he was not his contemporary? What is more, da Vinci was a pious Christian and he would not begin his painting without praying before the statue of Jesus in the church at Milan
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humphry
The Voynich Manuscripts.
06:43 PM on 11/04/2012
it was passed down by the Priory of Scion
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rlugbill
09:39 PM on 09/19/2012
There's an ancient document that shows that Jesus was the first Jewish comedian to use the line, "take my wife................ please."
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TheGripester
bites when poked
06:20 PM on 09/19/2012
What if Jesus were never crucified? That too, is a Gnostic text. Should we believe that?

I have to say, the tendency for scholars to leap off the cliff on these old texts is astonishing. I frankly don't care who married who. But the truth is that many many sects were out there, each with their own version of what happened. Does that mean that they're all true? Give me a break.
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Crisdean Wulver
We've got our priorities screwed up.
06:13 PM on 09/19/2012
What if GOD had a wife?

In fact God DID have a wife. Her name was WISDOM!

"Does not wisdom call out? Does not understanding raise HER [emphasis added] voice?" ----- Proverbs 8:1

"The Lord brought me forth as the first of his works,
before his deeds of old;
23 I was formed long ages ago,
at the very beginning, when the world came to be.
24 When there were no watery depths, I was given birth,
when there were no springs overflowing with water;
25 before the mountains were settled in place,
before the hills, I was given birth,
26 before he made the world or its fields
or any of the dust of the earth.
27 I was there when he set the heavens in place,
when he marked out the horizon on the face of the deep,
28 when he established the clouds above
and fixed securely the fountains of the deep,
29 when he gave the sea its boundary
so the waters would not overstep his command,
and when he marked out the foundations of the earth.
30 Then I was constantly[e] at his side.
I was filled with delight day after day,
rejoicing always in his presence,
31 rejoicing in his whole world
and delighting in mankind." Proverbs 8:21-29

-----

Wisdom is FEMININE!

God had a wife! Patriarchal society killed her!

God didn't give birth to Wisdom. Wisdom gave birth to God! Otherwise we have the idiotic image of a man giving birth!
08:58 PM on 09/19/2012
Hebrew is a gendered language and that WORD [emphasis implied] has a female gender therefore any pronoun that refers to said word takes a female form. that in no way implies that G-d had a wife...
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Crisdean Wulver
We've got our priorities screwed up.
12:04 AM on 09/20/2012
There was a Hebrew Goddess too. But the paternalistic authoritarians killed her off. My point, though, is that it's plain stupid to think of God as male, especially a creator god. Beyond that, women are natural nurturers and peacemakers, which are traits of wisdom. There are cultures all over the world that associate wisdom with femininity. Judaism is full of metaphors and allegories. I was speaking metaphorically. Likewise, I don't think there was a literal Adam and Eve. I'm just pointing out how dumb it is to think of God as a single male, and how dumb it is to think of God as having no feminine traits.  
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wisdom4you
wisdom is/ = alter ego perspectives :-)
04:05 PM on 09/22/2012
HEY!!!!, watch your wisdom stuff.

What book are you reading from above. the book actually says adam came first. duly noting, ribs ain't where the brains are, duh.

Are you saying that when mr. god is doing it with mrs. god ... that is where thunder and lightening comes from?
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Crisdean Wulver
We've got our priorities screwed up.
08:42 PM on 09/22/2012
Proverbs. I'm saying that patriarchal tend to underemphasize the importance of feminine traits and create God in their own image. Masculine, naturally. This can make for a distorted and dysfunctional society and a distorted and dysfunctional God to rule it.
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humphry
The Voynich Manuscripts.
06:57 PM on 11/04/2012
Eve was not even Adams first mate, it was Tanith, but she would not do as she was told so Adam asked god to replace her..he then got EVE and she turned out worse, she got us banned from the garden of Eden... So think carefully if you are thinking about getting divorced lol....
05:43 PM on 09/19/2012
OK, full disclosure: I'm a Mormon so I already have many beliefs about Christ that do not jive with traditional Christianity. That said, I don't see a problem if Jesus was married. Adam was told to take a wife. The Bible teaches "therefore shall a man leave his father and his mother and cleave unto his wife". If he was married, I don't see how that diminishes anything else that he taught. In fact I think it enhances it. How can we expect a loving saviour to understand our struggles with marriage if he was never married?

Just a thought.
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wisdom4you
wisdom is/ = alter ego perspectives :-)
04:08 PM on 09/22/2012
Rhino40 ... where to you people come from? Adam never did take a wife, eve was his sister.
04:36 PM on 09/24/2012
They were, well who were their parents?
04:24 PM on 09/19/2012
Jesus' wife: Did you take out the trash?

Jesus: Yes.

Jesus' wife: Did you fix the leak in the roof?

Jesus: Yes.

Jesus' wife: Okay, did you remember to send your mom a Mother's Day card?

Jesus: Yes.

Jesus' wife: Ummm, oh, I'll bet you forgot tonight is our ballroom dancing class.

Jesus: I've got my dress sandals on and the sitter will be here in a minute.

Jesus' wife: You must think you're Mr. Perfect.

Jesus: Well, actually...

Jesus' wife: Don't start. Did you tell Judas he's not invited to dinner?

Jesus: I think he should be there.

Jesus' wife: I don't know. He seems kinda shifty, unreliable.

Jesus: Really? I trust him with my life.
03:44 PM on 09/19/2012
If priests were celibate because Jesus supposedly was, this would make sense. But that's not true. Priests were married for more than half of the time Christianity existed. It's far more complex. And some day they may again marry. Since Vatican II, the permanent deaconate has been restored to include married men, in a move back to it's early roots. This is not dogma. And if science/and other academic disciplines were to prove that Jesus was married, it would not change the immediate status of the clergy.
Fellow American
I prefer not to have a micro-bio
03:10 PM on 09/19/2012
Are Christians planning riots over this?
03:03 PM on 09/19/2012
Maybe the "My wife" is real, but the full quote was "My wife is driving me crazy, is something I know most of you men say to yourselves all the time. I can't really relate because I'm not married".
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rlugbill
02:59 PM on 09/19/2012
Jesus didn't have a wife. He had a baby momma.