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Michael Downing

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Daylight Saving: Beat the Clock

Posted: 03/13/10 10:25 AM ET

Almost a century ago, a letter-writer to the New York Times compared daylight saving to "cheating yourself at solitaire and telling yourself you won."

That's the point of daylight saving -- to pretend you're beating the clock and besting nature while you sit on a still-sunny beach at 8:00 p.m. in the middle of July. Even though you sort of know it's actually only 7:00 p.m.

This deception might be benign. It might even be beneficial. But to get in on this bargain, do we have to go on buying the preposterous idea that we are saving 100,000 barrels of oil with every additional day of daylight saving, which Congress has been peddling since 1975?

For the record, a 1975 Department of Transportation (DOT) report estimated that daylight saving could reduce domestic electricity consumption by one percent per day. If this optimistic goal is ever achieved (we've never come close), it will have no positive impact on our consumption of oil. More than 95 percent of our electricity is produced with coal, hydroelectric, and nuclear power.

Plus, while electricity use often does fall during the first month or two, it actually increases over the whole daylight-saving period. A superb analysis of electricity demand in Indiana after the statewide adoption of daylight saving in 2006 (conducted by Matthew Kotchen of U.C. Santa Barbara) demonstrated that Hoosiers had paid more than $8 million for their extra hour of evening sun.

Congress commissioned a separate Department of Energy study in 2007, after extending the daylight -- saving period to eight months. (Oddly, we now spring forward in wintertime.) DOE turned up an electricity-saving of 0.46 to 0.48 percent.

This good news -- half of one percent is not nothing -- was tempered by a few confusing caveats. The electricity saving only applied to the four additional weeks of daylight saving -- three in March and one in November. Over the full eight-month period, daylight saving was likely a net loser thanks, in part, to our reliance on air-conditioning in the summer. And the DOE study pointedly excluded the effect on demand for heating fuels, which surely increased during those four weeks, as sunless winter mornings make for colder homes, schools, and offices.

Most confusing of all, DOE reported no significant change in gasoline consumption. Just one year earlier, economist Peter Tertzakian had identified a one-percent jump in gasoline demand, which added up to 266,000 additional barrels of imported crude per day of extended daylight saving--that's real oil, not the hypothetical DOT variety.

Who's fooling whom? Since the 1930s, the petroleum industry has known that daylight saving increases driving and demand for gasoline. It's no secret that when Americans go to the beach, or, mall, or ballpark on sunlit evenings, we don't walk.

The National Association of Convenience Stores -- whose 100,000-plus locations account for three-quarters of all the gasoline sold in this country -- isn't trying to fool anyone. It stages an annual event on Capitol Hill, which the lobby itself bills as "a thank-you to Congress for federal adoption of daylight saving."

The point is, I'm not feeling so grateful. Don't get me wrong. I'm all for a long summer days at the beach.

But it is March, and it is cold here in New England, and I'm mindful of the Native American who concluded that daylight saving time is like cutting an inch off the bottom of your blanket and sewing it to the top to make the blanket longer.

As a national energy policy, this seems like a foolish waste of time.

Michael Downing is the author of "Spring Forward: The Annual Madness of Daylight Saving Time" and many other books, including a new memoir, "Life with Sudden Death." He teaches creative writing at Tufts University. You can read more about his work at michaeldowningbooks.com

 
 
 
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06:12 PM on 03/15/2010
I love your blanket analogy - just perfect! It so sums up the mindset that actually thinks we're 'saving' daylight, as if we can magically create more hours to the day. I just wrote a thing at http://elizabethely.com/2010/03/15/why-daylight-saving-time/ on all this tinkering with time that gives rather questionable results. So it was especially nice to come here and read this, and have a good chuckle thanks to the very well-fitting blanket reference.
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Azsin
i need a wife
12:16 AM on 03/14/2010
i
so this week
residents of az are 1 hour ahead of cali
monday we we be on the same time

if we in az can do it why cant the rest
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SharonWantsToTalk
12:07 AM on 03/14/2010
The blanket analogy is perfect! It put into words what I have been thinking forever.
12:06 AM on 03/14/2010
I guess on a selfish level I prefer DST. I spent a year in Japan and when summer rolled around I just couldn't get used to sunrise at 4am and sunset just after 7ish. I like being able to come home from work around 6 or 7 and still have an hour or so of daylight.
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danusgram
aww the flowers of spring are the best
12:00 AM on 03/14/2010
This so disrupts the natural order of things now back to losing my extra hour of sleep hate it.
11:12 PM on 03/13/2010
How about we go for DST and then leave it there year round. One hour ahead 12 months a year. Then our inner and outer clocks would stay even.
guajiro
posted 5 minutes ago
10:26 PM on 03/13/2010
Personally I can't wait to retire so I can get up and come and go whenever I want to. This time change just really aggravates me, more so for the reason that we can't seem to just enjoy nature and the life it brings us. I love it when days are short or when they get long, but this trying to keep sunshine all day long is like pretending there aren't any seasons. For Chrissakes just let nature be.
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Nelson Montana
Artist, Author, Composer
09:23 PM on 03/13/2010
Why is this archaic ritual still implemented? It was meant to assist farmers and no longer applies. If anything, we could use more light in the winter when it gets dark earlier.
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10:02 PM on 03/13/2010
According to a report on Rachel Maddow's show last night, it wasn't really for the farmers as we've been led to believe.
According to the DST expert Rachel interviewed, DST actually angered the farmers. He said their most critical hours for getting product to early market was between 6am and 9am, so It actually robbed them of one of those critical hours.
After watching Rachel's fairly long report on the subject, I still don't know why we do this. The folks in Arizona, and one other state I've forgotten, are much smarter. They don't observe DST.
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maybealittlecommonsense
kick it root down
10:13 PM on 03/13/2010
People with kids probably understand, but, I'll explain it to the rest of you anyway. Most of us in middle America have kids. They either walk to the bus or walk to school in the morning. In the winter it's nice to have some light in the morning to create a safe environment for the kids going to school. When the days are longer, it makes sense to switch the clocks to keep sunrise consistent. Having daylight in the evening when the weather is nice is a huge added bonus. Typically we just go out in the yard and don't drive to the beach.

In the mid 1980's I lived in S. Florida for a few years. It was really weird to have it be 80 degrees, but get dark at 5:00 on the shortest days.
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Nelson Montana
Artist, Author, Composer
10:32 PM on 03/13/2010
Well, my kid is grown but how far are those kids of yours walking to school and how unsafe is it in Middle America?

As for having the extra daylight in the summer, why not have it in the winter?
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10:40 PM on 03/13/2010
Okay, "Falling back" is for the school kids. At least that's an actual reason that makes some sense. Maddow should have interviewed you instead of the so-called DST "expert." I was still left "in the dark" on "Falling back" at the end of his segment.
When your working hours are from 7AM to 4PM, and you figure in commuting time, I was always leaving for work in the dark, and getting home in the dark in the Winter months. That's why it never made much sense to me, but if it helps the kids I can see it.
09:04 PM on 03/13/2010
Why stop at DST? DST is just a variant of standard time. Get rid of ST, not just DST. Go back to traditional time.

Under traditional time, you divide the time between sunrise and sunset where you happen to be by 12 hours. (like a sun dial does). Winter or summer, each day of daylight has 12 hours, but if you are in the northern hemisphere, winter hours are much shorter than summer hours. That way the standard work day of 8 hours would always leave at least four hours of sunlight, summer or winter, for everyone to use.

Summer used to have long hours, winter short hours, and at every change in latitude there would be different lengths of hours, and it wasn't until standard time that everybody started to lose their proportion of daylight and caused the avalanche of sleep disorders we are still living with.

It used to be argued that we needed standard time for industrial purposes, but these days we measure time in Einstein terms, i.e. because there is a difference in velocity between Earth and our satellites, and our interplanetary probes, there is a difference in the subjective passage of time between all of these, so time appears to go slower, and clocks compared to clocks on earth go slower, for example, on our deep space probes. Our systems can handle this bizarre reality, surely they could handle a reversion to sun time.
09:52 PM on 03/13/2010
Our decision to abandon "sun time" has nothing to do with the technological challenges of managing the time differences and everything to do with its complete and total impracticality for anything but a traditional agrarian society.

And please, don't drag Einstein into this. Most timekeeping systems reference atomic clocks on the Earth's surface, and therefore don't need to make any relativistic corrections at all (TAI is already corrected for gravitational time dilation). The very few cases where it does make a difference (namely, GPS) are tuned so that they also maintain the correct time. It really isn't that much of a challenge, especially since it is irrelevant to most users (the time rate difference between Earth's surface and the GPS satellites averages 34 millionths of a second per day).
11:46 PM on 03/13/2010
"Complete and total impracticality" is in the eye of the beholder.

The complete and total impracticality of standard time, which in essence is a great game pretending the entire population of earth lives right on the equator and has earth itself has a 0% axial tilt, when our human bodies know different and express their disagreements with attempts to live in this manner, is not in the eye of the beholder, it is uncontroversial fact. We are besieged with an avalanche of maladies directly related to adhering to this completely and totally impractical dictate of the nineteenth century train schedule.

By the way, an atomic clock in Canada goes relatively slower than such a clock in the contiguous United States, and that clock in the United States goes relatively slower than such a clock on the equator.

We have become quite good with measuring time, and adjusting for relativistic time. There is nothing preventing us from returning to the time system we enjoyed for all of history before standard time, the time taken from the sun, which is how our bodies measure it, except of course nineteenth century train schedules and the remnants of their philosophy, such as you expressed here. Modern technology finds relativistic time a breeze, it is not as if we cannot program it in.
08:36 PM on 03/13/2010
You know what's really nuts? Daylight saving time in the Arctic. "Jet lag" and the trouble of changing watch and clock settings are the only two things that change in the absence of darkness at night or conversely, the absence of light in the daytime. It's just plain irritating. Of course, if we only had to set our clocks back every fall without the corresponding "spring ahead", I'd be really happy to get that extra hour!
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Rudderman
GOP: All fringe, no carpet.
07:22 PM on 03/13/2010
Boy, I’m losing fans everyday. No doubt this will cost me, too. Anyway, I'm in favor of conservation as much as anyone. But I love DST (and hate AC). More chances to get outside and ride my bike. If Americans took the opportunity to exercise during that extra hour of light, think of the money we might save on health care. Besides, DST isn't really a major problem regarding energy consumption compared to the rest of our bad, wasteful habits. Sorry, but I'm 100% for it.
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manahans
coexist
09:02 PM on 03/13/2010
I'm with you, Rudderman. That extra hour of daylight after work is wonderful.
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10:05 PM on 03/13/2010
Hey, I'm all for the extra hour of light in the Summer. I just don't understand why we have to "Fall back" in the Fall. Why can't they just leave it where it is in the Summer, and be done with it?
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RButler
I've always wanted to have everything I wanted
07:15 PM on 03/13/2010
I thought I read something years ago about changing the the clocks so that school children wouldn't be walking to school in the dark rather than the familiar business of having more daylight latter in the evening. Anybody know about that?
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Rudderman
GOP: All fringe, no carpet.
07:28 PM on 03/13/2010
Think that's why we fall back. Unfortunately, very few kids walk to school anymore...and the results are obvious.
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manahans
coexist
09:03 PM on 03/13/2010
I've heard the same story about the school children. I agree that they may not be doing too much walking.... however, they still have to get out there and wait for buses around here.
07:04 PM on 03/13/2010
My job is in the service industry. During the winter time i can pretty much be finished with my last call around five. IN the Spring and summer I'm lucky if i can get home before 8. makes for a very
short evening at home..
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07:02 PM on 03/13/2010
I think a couple of fellows got together and one of them bet the other he could make everybody get up an hour earlier in the summer and the other one said "You're on." Arizona may have Joe Arpaio and the dumbest legislature in the fifty states but at least we don't have daylight savings time.
06:49 PM on 03/13/2010
Here's my 2 cents....set yer clocks 1 hour ahead tonight and never touch them again.
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10:11 PM on 03/13/2010
I'm with you!