iPhone app iPad app Android phone app Android tablet app More

Featuring fresh takes and real-time analysis from HuffPost's signature lineup of contributors
Michael Horn

Michael Horn

Posted: May 20, 2010 04:21 PM

In Education, For-Profit Gets a Bad Rep

What's Your Reaction:

If President Obama wants to achieve his goal of returning the United States to its former place atop all countries in higher education attainment by 2020, he is going to need the help of for-profit universities like the University of Phoenix, Kaplan, Corinthian and DeVry, as his own Secretary of Education, Arne Duncan, said recently. (Disclosure: the author has consulted for some of these companies.)

These schools have grown graduates three to four times faster than public and non-profit universities over the last decade; they disproportionately serve a hard-to-serve student population and out-perform their peers in so doing; they have driven innovation in online learning, student services and career services; and they have invested two to three times more in learning technologies per student than other universities.

Yet internally, the administration seems to be struggling with how to treat the for-profit universities. Some--and not just people in the administration--have proposed regulations that exclusively target the for-profits' funding. Although their frustration with specific bad actors, aggressive enrollment practices and high debt loads for students is understandable, ignoring the sector's capacity for innovation and its ability to organize and move quickly to satisfy market demands is tantamount to throwing the baby out with the bathwater. Just as there are good and bad non-profit and public universities, there are also good and bad for-profit ones.

Some of the sector's faults are the result of a few deplorable offenders; some are a result of the government's own funding policies; and some are a part of the growing pains seen with any disruptive innovation. A disruptive innovation is one that transforms a sector by offering a new value proposition around dimensions that include convenience, accessibility, simplicity or affordability. These innovations generally start as not as good as the dominant products or services in a field as judged by the historical dimensions of performance, and as such they cannot initially serve mainstream customers. Disruptive innovations therefore start at the fringes by serving people who cannot consume the leading products or services because they are too inconvenient, inaccessible, complicated or expensive, and as they predictably improve, more and more consumers flock to them.

Many of the for-profit universities fit this definition as they have taken their offerings online to propel their growth and serve adult learners and others who have historically been overlooked by traditional universities. An often-heard charge levied against these providers is that their educational service is a poor substitute for the "real thing." Yet without the convenience of these online offerings that allow them to learn anytime and anywhere, many of these students would have no alternative to gain a formal education given the demands of work and family.

The for-profit universities are not the only disruptive players to have been disparaged historically. When Japanese companies in several industries first began to make disruptive noise in the 1950s and 1960s, Americans of all stripes mocked the quality of their products and services. Within a generation, however, "Made in Japan" had become synonymous with high quality.

Drawing on these lessons, if the Obama administration really wants to change education and make it more accessible, reasonably priced and of higher quality, it should use the momentum and know-how of the disruptive innovators and prod them to move "up-market"--so as not just to expand access but also to improve quality. Historically the mantra and measurements from Washington have been about access to higher education, and the for-profits have largely delivered over the past decade. If the mantra has changed, the administration should work with the for-profits to move the metrics in a productive way.

Not only that but the administration should also find a way to make the metrics apply to all colleges regardless of tax status. The market forces that drive the for-profit institutions can put pressure on the entire market, including the non-profit and public universities, to become better. The question ultimately should not be one of for-profit versus non-profit versus public. Discriminating between these providers in this way is discriminating along the wrong category.

The goal of policy should be to unleash innovation by setting the conditions for good actors--be they for-profit, non-profit, or public--that improve access, quality and value to succeed. Tamping down on that innovation and competition will not help individuals nor will it help the country.

Michael B. Horn is executive director of Innosight Institute, a nonprofit think tank focused on education and innovation. He also is co-author of "Disrupting Class" (McGraw-Hill, 2008).

 
 
 
  • Comments
  • 25
  • Pending Comments
  • 0
  • View FAQ
Comments are closed for this entry
View All
Favorites
Recency  | 
Popularity
02:11 PM on 07/15/2010
As an adjunct instructor at a for profit degree school offering undergraduate and graduate degrees in various disciplines, I am impressed when students try and apply themslevs and dismayed when they don't. I am also the academic chair of a department at a major non profit university and one of the world's largest public institutions, so I do see a few different angles to the issue.

Yes, much good can come from for-profit programs, and some of that has to do with the student and some with the institution's own controls, guidelines, policies, and oversight. Making generalizations and globalizations from one or another experience is not helpful, nor is ad hominem type attacks or blaming current shortcomings on a government administration.

As I tell my students in graduate courses in marketing, defining the problem is more than 2/3 of the solution. In other words, if you're a hammer, every problem looks like a nail. So if you find fault exclusively with one or other aspect of a situation, you may likely think the solution is in some change in that aspect and no other.

But we know complex problems like the ones about education currently in the US do not come with simple solutions. And blaming doesn't solve anything.

Here's what it all means to me: the profit motive has its place as does the non profit motive. In a complex world, no one answer fits all questions. What is the question? More importantly, what is the problem?
08:41 PM on 06/14/2010
I think one thing the Frontline program didn't impress upon enough was the fact that these for-profit universities are pumping out worthless degrees at the expense of the tax payers and the students who have little hope of making the money back out of it to pay off the loans. A LOT of employers will not recognize these schools when they are sifting through job applications.

It is also worth noting that the report only talked about ONE community college turning students away increasing demand for the for-profit racket. There are 1000's of community colleges that have an open door policy and they serve these "under represented' students for a fraction of the cost. The community colleges around here will admit a student without a diploma or GED if they can prove an ability to benefit from upper level courses.

I personally believe that 'for profit' schools should not be allowed to receive federal grant and loan funds. That money should be saved for public and well established private school. And they should not give aid to schools that are not regionally accredited. These schools are the worse offenders offering worthless degrees.
photo
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Deborah Dole
03:18 PM on 05/31/2010
Yup, we need for-profit diploma mills so that illegal aliens, homeless people, and high school dropouts can get a federally-backed student loan that we taxpayers will be 100% on the hook for plus 15% interest, late fees, still late fees, and too late fees. Haha, Only in America.

http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/10_19/b4177064219731.htm
11:04 AM on 05/24/2010
For profit education deserves the bad rep. Frontline's story on College, Inc outlines the intersection of public money and wall street as failing to serve the learning interests of students. Business models don't map on to a learning model. When are we as a country going to stop fetishizing the business and profits and consider sharing and collaboration as significant contributions to society?

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/collegeinc/?utm_campaign=homepage&utm_medium=bigimage&utm_source=bigimage
photo
mollypot
♥♥♥
11:12 AM on 05/22/2010
For-profit colleges are their own worst enemies. Once a student figures out that the institution is only concerned about making that profit, regardless of the negative impacts that it may have on said student, the student will transfer out. I know I did.

When it became obvious that the for-profit school I was attending only cared about getting their fees quickly, even though it cost me money (if I had waited I could have gotten a grant instead of a loan) I bailed. The financial advisor was apathetic, unknowledgable, and down right mean. I am glad I transferred to a community college.
This user has chosen to opt out of the Badges program
photo
02:24 AM on 05/22/2010
The creeping infiltration of for-profit companies into areas where the organizational mission must be most important (healh care, education, military, utilities) should be stopped. Whenever you have a for-profit organization its primary mission is making profit. Health, education, security, and clean drinking water are too important to be secondary concerns. If rich kids want to use for-profit schools, we shouldn't stop them, but taxpayers should not be subsidising their existence.
02:07 AM on 05/22/2010
I've been following the Left's attacks on for profit education for a while now and it's very disturbing. Profit is not a four letter word, it's what built the civilization we all enjoy now. Where would the Internet be without it? It would be a neat thing used by a few in the Pentagon. What about television. While I hate my cable bill, I love my cable. Medicine? Let's just say that my grandmother, a cancer survivor, would not be alive today were research and development left to the government or a few kind hearted souls discovering treatments because of lack of anything better to do.
These are choices people are free to make or not make, don't limit them. Aren't Progressives supposed to be in favor of choice? Or does that apply only to one area? You don't want to go, don't go. But don't deny other people the choice simply because you might not like the one they make. It's their life, not yours. I'd think people would have better things to do with their time than limit options for other people. Maybe I'm wrong. If I am then this country is in a lot more trouble than I ever even thought to fear.
01:49 AM on 05/22/2010
I went to a for profit school and it was one of the best moves I've ever made. The government has no business telling me where I can and can't go to school. If they don't like my choice, tough, they don't have to. As a taxpayer I qualified for financial aid and took it to the school that best fit my needs, it happened to be for profit. I went, I graduate, they helped me find a job and I'm doing pretty well, thank you very much. Those of you who want to leave your fate in the hands of government and let them, or anyone else, tell you where you can and cannot get an education are welcome to, but you have no business imposing that on everyone else. You exercise your conscience and I will exercise mine.
08:34 PM on 05/21/2010
Thank you for saying what I've been saying for a long time. There are some for profits that are bad, but the majority of them offer quality education and strong results, like DeVry University.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
CitizenT
01:28 PM on 05/21/2010
There are some areas of human endeavor that simply do not mesh with for-profit mentality. Education and health care are the two biggest in my mind.
01:43 AM on 05/22/2010
Yet those very same areas of human endeavor would be lightyears behind what we enjoy today without that profit. The private, for-profit sector has pumped more money into developing, maintaining and advancing health care and education than the government could even print. So while you may hate the fact that they exist, never forget what that existence has given the world.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
CitizenT
01:33 PM on 05/28/2010
Um...not as much as you think. A lot of the stuff they claim credit for is funded by federal grants and tax credits.
photo
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
iblogleft
Certifiable
10:36 AM on 05/21/2010
Putting a profit margin goal on education seems so... rude.
This user has chosen to opt out of the Badges program
photo
09:53 AM on 05/21/2010
Has anyone ever bothered to read the annual report of a major for-profit educational company? I have, and it is not pretty. The entire emphasis is on the bottom line and how the company can attract more students who bring Federal financial aid dollars with them. There is no discussion of increasing the quality of instruction, merely the efficiency of delivering instruction. Risks to prospective shareholders are discussed, but usually in terms of what changes in financial aid regulations might mean. Contrary to Horn's claims, there is no lofty commitment to diversity, to providing improved job placement services, or to providing lower-cost education for economically disadvantaged students. It's all about delivering profit and external threats to continuing to do so.

I will grant that for-profit institutions have introduced some much-needed innovations. For example, offering more starting points for classes throughout the year can help students who have family or work responsibilities. Offering more courses online can also help such students. But public and not-for-profit institutions can do things things as well, most often with higher quality.

The for-profit education sector should be viewed in the same way that for-profit health insurance companies should be viewed: as an unnecessarily expensive way to deliver needed services. Let's not overlook the fact that the profits that such institutions skim off the top could be used to increase quality or decrease expenses for students.
02:20 AM on 05/22/2010
If you don't like it, don't go! Your holier than thou attitude makes the religious right appear atheistic.
Are these schools for everyone? No. Are they for some people? Clearly, or else no one would go to them. It's called making choices, and those choices are up to the individual, or at least they used to be. If you get your way we'll all be making honey after you turn us into a collective beehive. No thanks, count me out!
06:08 AM on 05/21/2010
These schools are a joke.

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/collegeinc/view/
02:10 AM on 05/22/2010
Self-proclaimed "progressives" hate these schools because they aren't unionized, plain and simple. People attend, graduate, find jobs and better their lives, which is the point of higher education, so that is the only logical reason some people oppose them.
Here's an idea - you don't like for-profit schools, don't go to one. Don't send your kids to one. I would never seek to impose my will on another person yet that seems to be right in your wheelhouse. Shame on you!
05:32 AM on 05/23/2010
Your reply to the linking of the video shows that you're being disingenuous in this debate. Figure out when the messages from the Frontline video are and attack them if you're going to protest someone posting the video.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Jim Pasterczyk
Banned!
11:40 PM on 05/20/2010
As I understand it for-profit colleges don't have a terribly rigorous admissions procedure and often exist for the sake of obtaining the federal tuition funding that goes with the students instead of educating them since they generally have no permanent faculty who are committed to scholarship, relying instead on contract temps. Sorry, Horn, but giving yourself an impressive sounding title to an impressive sounding lobbying shop isn't the way to gain cred.
02:13 AM on 05/22/2010
As you understand it? And just what is your understanding of it and where does it come from? Where did you go to school? I might consider it a joke. Certainly seems that way from your closemindedness. I have two good friends who attended technical schools that were for profit and they're doing quite well right now. Would you prefer them be unemployed so you can look down your nose at them more easily? I would guess perhaps.
05:12 PM on 05/24/2010
Sorry. Jim nailed it.
This user has chosen to opt out of the Badges program
photo
ShanniC
For truth, justice, and the 'merican way!
06:09 PM on 05/20/2010
Why would anyone want to attend a for profit college? Tuition rates are exorbitant, the schools are often viewed with little to no esteem and the rigor of the coursework is called into question. Instead of enrolling our students into for profits, we should be more concerned with getting them into community colleges and public colleges and universities where tuition rates are lower, and employers are more receptive to such institutions. If for profits want to be taken seriously then they need to lower their costs to those comparable to public institutions and step up the rigor of their curriculum. Also, they should offer grants and scholarships instead of luring borrowers into signing promissory notes for worthless degrees.
01:24 AM on 05/22/2010
What kind or question is that? Better yet, what business is it of yours where someone chooses to get an education?
The reason for profit schools cost more is that they are heavily subsidized by tax dollars like not for profit schools. And I don't know if you've looked lately, but non-profit universities aren't cheap.
It's the individual's choice, not yours. Taxpayers should be able to use their financial aid money to attend whatever school they want. Anything else is obscene.
02:17 AM on 05/22/2010
Amen, brother!
Horn gets it exactly right in this piece and that has some people worried. If the light of day shining upon your agenda makes you uneasy, well, then maybe you need to rethink what you're doing, and that seems to be what's going on here with these attacks on these good schools.
This user has chosen to opt out of the Badges program
photo
ShanniC
For truth, justice, and the 'merican way!
03:48 AM on 05/22/2010
If owing $180,000 in debt for a useless Associate's degree from ITT Tech floats your boat then go for it. I just think it is fair to warn people about what they are getting into and to alert them to cheaper, more esteemed alternatives.