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Michael Ruse

Michael Ruse

Posted: February 15, 2011 01:35 PM

Darwin and Atheism


Trawling through the blogs on Darwin Day, February 12th, the 202nd anniversary of the birth of Charles Darwin, I came across a photograph of someone proudly flying an atheist flag -- white with a big red "A" -- and started to wonder just how appropriate this action was. Don't get me wrong. If someone wants to fly a flag saying "Bring Back George W. Bush," I am all for their right to do so. But it doesn't mean to say that I am terribly keen on it, and I am not sure that I am terribly keen on atheist flags on Darwin Day. (To be frank, I am not terribly keen on Darwin Day itself -- it is a bit too parallel to Christmas Day for my tastes. Celebrating the birth of the founder of our religion and that sort of thing.)

Let me say the following things. First, Charles Darwin himself would be embarrassed greatly by atheist flags associated with him, especially atheist flags flown in celebration of his birthday. He was an upper-middle-class, English gentleman, and one simply did not flaunt religion, for or against, in that sort of way. I think the Darwin family always found Thomas Henry Huxley a bit vulgar because of that. Certainly, on a day-to-day basis, Darwin's best friend was the local vicar. They may have disagreed, but they were fellow gentlemen and being rude in public about the beliefs of the other was simply not done. In later life, Darwin did not conceal his thinking but he was certainly not about to make a spectacle of it.

Second, Darwin never became an atheist. He started as a sincere member of the Church of England, accepting the thirty-nine articles, and intending himself to become a parson. His beliefs started to change and fade during the Beagle voyage, and for many years -- including the years of writing and publishing the Origin -- he was some kind of deist, accepting a God who set things in motion and who did not then interfere. Darwin became more and more alienated from Christianity, mainly (with many other Victorians) on theological grounds. He could not accept the doctrine of eternal punishment for non-believers. Later in life, certainly the last decade, Darwin became an agnostic. But that was the limit of his non-belief.

Third, there is no doubt that by the time of writing the Descent of Man, in 1871, Darwin was pretty unconvinced that any religion around today really would work or be true. He spends a lot of the Descent not just accepting morality but trying to show how it came about through natural selection, and why overall it is a good thing. Religion also gets a naturalistic explanation, but basically as a side-effect of the evolutionary process. Darwin likens religious belief to the mistakes that his dog made in thinking a parasol blowing in the wind is alive. Darwin stresses that this doesn't necessarily make religion false but he certainly leaves the impression that he doesn't rate it highly. I would say that his treatment of religion is about at the level of Dan Dennett in Breaking the Spell. (I am not now making a personal judgment on either Darwin or Dennett.)

Fourth, I personally agree with Richard Dawkins. After Darwin and only after Darwin was it possible to be an intellectually respectable atheist. Before Darwin the argument from design simply could not be ignored. After Darwin showed how, thanks to natural selection, you can get design-like effects without a designer, that was the end of the argument -- and attempts at revival by physicists through the so-called anthropic principle are doomed to failure. I don't think that showing that the argument from design doesn't work now means that one should be an atheist. But I do think it makes it possible to be one.

So I guess in the end I think that if someone wants to fly an atheist flag on Darwin's birthday -- I mean specifically in celebration of Darwin's birthday -- there is some reason why it is appropriate to do so. But I wouldn't, because I think the issues are more complex and should not be glossed over. Although I will say that if some evangelical calls to congratulate me on making a wise choice, I shall be hauling out a bed-sheet and that old, red, flannel nightgown and making my own flag. Ultimately, I am just not a gentleman like Charles Darwin.

 
 
 
Trawling through the blogs on Darwin Day, February 12th, the 202nd anniversary of the birth of Charles Darwin, I came across a photograph of someone proudly flying an atheist flag -- white with a big ...
Trawling through the blogs on Darwin Day, February 12th, the 202nd anniversary of the birth of Charles Darwin, I came across a photograph of someone proudly flying an atheist flag -- white with a big ...
 
 
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Cole 33
Careful. We don't want to learn from this.
04:45 PM on 02/28/2011
People have to realize why someone would fly and Atheist flag, yes its' silly. It's about whats been going on, that it's growing, FAST, and many of us are finally connecting with others, that it may be ok to not hide the fact that you're an atheist. That maybe Atheists aren't teh ones to be looked at as the strange ones anymore, that not believing in Deities i don't know, is OK. And letting others know, if you don't have an internal belief in God(s) there's nothing wrong with you.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
LawrenceRoth
Real Liberal. Real American.
11:13 PM on 02/25/2011
Darwin Day seemed like an odd idea to me at first. However, people do tend to celebrate, or at least acknowledge the birthdays of significant and historical individuals. I think it's mostly about choosing a day to celebrate the person's achievements, rather than the actual birth. I suppose one could pick the day that Origin of the Species was published to honor the achievements of Charles Darwin, but birthdays seem like a good standard to follow.
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SaraSH
Athi*est Scientist Independent Old Fashioned
01:04 AM on 02/24/2011
As an atheist and a DARWINIST I never thought or even heard anyone claiming that he was an atheist. It is actually rather ridiculous to claim such things anyways, something scientists should never ever bother doing. I am CERTAIN that if he was alive today, along with Einstein and many others, he would have been ANYTHING but a devout theist, I say that because it is obvious the man was too rational, realist and curious to ever go for the LACK of evidence fictions of our ancient ancestors vs. current scientific findings and amazing explanations for all the religions and cults.
I find some atheists, like some homose*uals or some puritans of any idea, purely PER*VERTS, with pathological insecurities that are also found very much among religious preachers of all sort...the pathological need for CONVINCING others or CONVERTING others to a belief no matter how right we may be. That said, not all or most atheists are that way, that's for sure.
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Patrick Flannery
Editor, nerd, dad.
12:27 AM on 02/22/2011
On one hand we're told Darwin was reticent about religion and didn't like to discuss his beliefs. On the other we are given this amazingly confident portrait of just what those beliefs were. I can't help but wonder how Mr. Ruse gleaned this information. Perhaps a seance?

In everything I have read about Darwin, he steadfastly resisted any and all religiously influenced interpretations on any topic. Simply by omitting references to God in the first draft of Origins he took a firm atheist stand against the norms of the time. Openly admitting or even giving the appearance of atheism was asking for trouble in those days, and I'm sure Darwin did not want the reception of his science undermined by such scandal. I don't think we know with anything like the certainty expressed here that Darwin was not an atheist.
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quorthon
Big government IS the answer!
10:05 AM on 02/17/2011
Darwin is to Atheists what Reagan is to Republicans: more myth than man...
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Uncle Bob
Darwin loves you.
10:28 PM on 02/17/2011
You're projecting again.
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SocBeat
Bald and proud
11:26 AM on 03/01/2011
What part of Darwin is a myth? He's known primarily for what he wrote, and what he wrote is science that has been tested time and time again.

Actually there is a bit of mythology surrounding Darwin, now that I think of it. It's the mythology of anti-evolutionists who claim that the scientific community worships Darwin.
09:45 AM on 02/17/2011
I think mankind would be better off without religion. Religion has been the bane of mankind since its' inception. But, if you listen to theologians they will tell you you CAN"T be "saved" without being a member of their particular church (the Roman Catholic Church in particular). What they over look is the fact that most people who have ever lived on this planet have never read any religious writings.

So, where does that leave God? And, who or, what is God in the first place? Children know God by natural instinct and don't need to "led to the Lord" by anyone because God is within each of us. It's just that people who have lost their faith (adults) drive the God concept out of their children in order to conform to the "ways of the world" which is a "dog eat dog" mentality.

Somewhere along the line we start to intellectualize God; start to think of God as something we need to "search for". Native Americans know God as "The Great Spirit" and that's all you need to know. The rest is a waste of time. But, money grubbing thieves will find a way to make a buck by selling the God concept to anyone foolish enough to listen.

But, belief in God is not enough in some ways because, there also is evil in the world. That's something God gave us to make life "interesting" - and deadly. So my overarching question to God is, what's the point?
07:53 AM on 02/17/2011
Agnosticism is just a step away and a natural transition from theism to atheism. If only they had the flying spagetti monster or pink unicorn reference back then. Is there reason to be agnostic about a celestial teapot in eliptical orbit around the sun?
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Uncle Bob
Darwin loves you.
10:31 PM on 02/17/2011
technically, agnosticism (as defined by Huxley, which is usually the definition being referred to) is atheism with a nonsensical qualifier, a qualifier that most atheists apply, but feel no need to make a big show out of it.
kellygreen
"Ideology is the Science of Idiots" John Adams
09:18 AM on 02/18/2011
There is plenty of reason to be agnostic about the existence of God.

Because neither theists nor atheists are capable of proving their OPINIONS on the subject. But at least theists are honest with themselves about it...and call their beliefs a "faith".

Kudos to Prof. Ruse for pointing out the logical fallacy that so many atheists engage in. Just because have a model that describes a way that something can occur without a Creator, does not mean that a Creator must therefore not exist.

That is as flawed an argument as insisting that just because you can get plants to grow without gardeners or farmers that therefore gardeners and farmers must not exist either.

The God question is simply not objectively solvable. The problem is not religion...it is that so many people treat their religious OPINIONS (including the decision NOT to believe) as if they were FACTS, rather than an unprovable-but-strongly-held opinion.
10:04 AM on 02/18/2011
Well said, but again I refer you to this:
"If I were to suggest that between the Earth and Mars there is a china teapot revolving about the sun in an elliptical orbit, nobody would be able to disprove my assertion provided I were careful to add that the teapot is too small to be revealed even by our most powerful telescopes. But if I were to go on to say that, since my assertion cannot be disproved, it is an intolerable presumption on the part of human reason to doubt it, I should rightly be thought to be talking nonsense. If, however, the existence of such a teapot were affirmed in ancient books, taught as the sacred truth every Sunday, and instilled into the minds of children at school, hesitation to believe in its existence would become a mark of eccentricity and entitle the doubter to the attentions of the psychiatrist in an enlightened age or of the Inquisitor in an earlier time." -Bertrand Russell

Sometimes opinions are drawn from conclusions, not from elitist thinking but logic.
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04:36 PM on 02/21/2011
Kellygreen,
If plants can grow without a gardener (God), then a gardener is irrelevant, redundant.

"FACTS, rather than an unprovable­-but-stron­gly-held opinion". No argument for God stands up to scrutiny.
07:32 AM on 02/17/2011
Michael Ruse used an incorrect analogy. Darwin Day is not like Xmas. It's more like Martin Luther King Day.It's a celebration of freedom not one of control and dogma.
kellygreen
"Ideology is the Science of Idiots" John Adams
09:19 AM on 02/18/2011
One is not free of something that one still feels compelled to actively resist.

Because what one is resisting is still being given rent-free space in one's head.
02:07 AM on 02/19/2011
I wasn't talking about battling obesity.
11:33 AM on 02/22/2011
The struggle to maintain a faith is not shared by atheists in any way. We only resist because we genuinely care about our fellow human and animal beings. Active resistance is necessary in a world where one is under constant attack by tribalistic nonsense.
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01:40 AM on 02/17/2011
I'd like to fly my atheist flag (its the one on the left)
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
raker
07:26 PM on 02/16/2011
Atheism isn't a religion. Atheism is not believing in god. Atheists celebrating Darwin is no more religious than Columbus Day or Presidents' Day.
01:03 AM on 02/17/2011
This is true, however, by people being open and saying it's alright to not believe is a good thing. People need to know they can be free thinkers especially children who don't have the option from birth when they are dragged to church every Sunday, it is important for them to know it is ok to question religion.
02:27 PM on 02/16/2011
I like this...
There is still no better way to explain a path from biological simplicity to complex diversity than evolution by natural selection.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
DrHopeful
Retired teacher, honors program director, author.
01:49 PM on 02/16/2011
The argument from design (or motion, cause, etc.) is convincing only to True Believers. Lucretius in De Rerum Natura (On the Nature of Things) wrote a cheerful scientific poem in defense of atheism in the 1st century B.C.E., and the mature Darwin, though not especially cheerful, was for all intents and purposes an atheist.
12:05 PM on 02/16/2011
It's "bad" to fly an atheist flag, but yet I see Christian "Fish" Emblems on cars, businesses, etc.
Maybe the guy is proud to be an atheist.
I am an atheist, but when I lived in TN/GA I was not going to put any type of Darwin/Atheism Emblem on my car because of vandalism.
07:34 AM on 02/17/2011
Well said. In GA you can not turn a corner without a fish, a cross, or "god bless so and so" ribbon in your face. I use to have a Bad Religion sticker on my truck which was a cross covered with a circle and a line through it. Never was vandalised but it was'nt exactly received well in the bible belt.
11:32 AM on 02/17/2011
Bad Religion! Good band! (Pete Finestone played my drumset in college - late 80's)
When I worked in TN, I got an email from the company saying there was a prayer meeting. Ugh
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04:41 PM on 02/21/2011
Ape, would you car be vandalised if you had an atheist sticker on it (maybe I'm naive but I do live in England)?
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w84it
08:54 AM on 02/16/2011
I thought "A" stood for "Anarchy" or Aqualung!
07:26 AM on 02/16/2011
I love atheist, agnostic and theist Accomodationist. By not accepting there is a problem they let grow fundamentalist, who turns out to be a problem.