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Michael Shermer

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The Coma Man Hoax: Rom Houben's "Communication" Is "Ideomotor" Ouija Board Effect

Posted: 11/25/09 06:48 PM ET


It's a hoax, folks. Sorry to be the spoiler of a feel good story--that of Rom Houben, the Belgian man who allegedly "woke up" from a 23-year long coma--but the hard truth must win out over hopeful emotions. Houben's "communications," his "statements" about how he's been aware all along of his condition, his "talking" to reporters (all descriptive terms used by hardened journalists softened into bleeding heart jelly) is nothing more than the "ideomotor" effect, where the brain subtly and subconsciously guides the hands and fingers over a keyboard, or a Ouija board, or directs the movements of dowsing rods in search of underground water. You think it, the hand will move there. Dr. Sanjay Gupta missed it on CNN, Dr. Nancy Snyderman missed it on MSNBC. And neuroscientists untrained in skepticism and the history of facilitated communication all missed it.

Watch the video again here and here and note what the reporters say about how Houben was speaking, saying, talking, etc. For example:

  • "described his real-life nightmare"
  • "'I screamed, but there was nothing to hear,' said Mr Houben"
  • "tells of 23 lonely years"

He's doing no such thing. These reporters are watching these same videos are reporting something that did not happen. He did not say anything, nor did he describe or tell. Houben is just sitting there in a chair looking like he's in a coma, with the facilitator standing next to him, his hand firmed gripped by hers, guiding his hand over the keyboard. And yet the reporters report that he is guiding her hand! Watch it again. It's as clear as can be!

A simple test to prove my claim: show a picture of an object (say, a cat) to the facilitator and show a different picture of an object (say, a dog) to Huben. Don't let either one see the other photographs. Then see what gets typed: cat or dog? As a control, show them both the same picture and see what gets typed. Prediction: Whatever the facilitator sees is what will get typed. Would someone there please run this simple test?

Such a test was already done in the 1990s when something called "Facilitated Communication" (FC) was all the rage with autistic children who, just like the Coma Man, "suddenly awoke" from their long sleep and began talking up a storm and sounding all the world like perfectly normal bright children, some even returning to school to take classes. Only they weren't. Normal. Or talking. A facilitator stood next to a child, held his or her hand firmly in a grip with the index finger pointing down over a keyboard, then typed. In controlled tests by experimental psychologists, a photograph of an object was shown to the facilitator and a photograph of an object was shown to the child. Neither one saw what the other one saw. Sometimes the pictures were of the same objects, sometimes they were different. Result: whatever the facilitator saw is what got typed, 100% of the time, and never (0%) did what the child see get typed unless it was also what the facilitator saw. Did that end the travesty of exploitation of these autistic children? No. At least not for many years. Why? Because emotions almost always trump evidence. And, understandably, parents of autistic children want to believe that their children are normal. The tragedy is in the letdown and realization of what is really going on, which in time did happen. That is the power of belief.

Prediction: if the Coma Man story is not thoroughly debunked now, within a short time the families of people in comas will be snapping up these plastic keyboards and facilitating the communication of their loved ones locked up in a broken brain. Only they will be doing no such thing. They will be wasting their time, money, energy, and worst of all their emotions, setting themselves up for being crushed when awareness dawns on them that FC doesn't work. Please, would someone in the Houben family put an end to this charade before it spreads through the coma community and wreaks emotional havoc.

 
 
 

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06:34 AM on 12/02/2009
Good expose on the FC aspects of this case Michael, but you spoiled it by assuming the patient is actually in a PVS. The information that has been revealed about this case does not allow you to make that assumption. Certainly FC is not a legitimate means of testing for consciousness, but that does not mean that this patient is necessarily not conscious.
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BlackYowe
I am a classical- liberal woman and a Jeweler.
06:46 PM on 11/27/2009
When I heard about the guiding hand I knew it was not real.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
thinkingwomanmillstone
great, green, globs of greasy grimey GOPerspeak.
11:42 AM on 11/27/2009
Facillitated communication has long since been debunked.
06:27 PM on 11/27/2009
The media doesn't seem to care. Whatever pseudoscience or folklore happens to be in vogue, it will push it gladly. After all, ten minutes of honest research might prove a story false, and there goes that portion of the audience which tunes in for such nonsense. Lost advertising dollars. Can't have that.

How much do you want to bet no correction will be forthcoming? I predict the story will simply be dropped, with nothing further said. All of which demonstrates the thin line between amoral and immoral.
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BlackYowe
I am a classical- liberal woman and a Jeweler.
06:24 PM on 11/28/2009
Yup
06:46 PM on 11/26/2009
Re "bigoted rant," I refer to the comment section and not the very excellent article.
06:44 PM on 11/26/2009
How did this story, which is about the need to call a harmful medical scam for what it is, turn into a bigoted rant against religion?
04:32 PM on 11/26/2009
For anyone who still has any doubts this video clearly shows him "typing" with his eyes closed.

http://news.ninemsn.com.au/world/975121/belgian-coma-man-was-just-awake-for-23-years
02:28 PM on 11/26/2009
Mr Shermer does a public service with his post. If shenanigans like this arent nipped in the bud, patients all over this country in vegetative states will be swarmed over by every hick predatory preacher with a line of patter. Hefting little keyboards and propelled by 'da powa a Jayzus', theyll enable loved ones to communicate with their bereaved families. In exchange for regular 'gifts' and donations, of course.
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Halsey
"There is a price to pay for speaking the truth. T
11:39 AM on 11/26/2009
THIS story...true or not (I like others hope it's false...because 23 years of zombie life...unfathomable..like the movie "Awakenings"...but..I digress..THIS is why I MUST find the money to get a hard and fast DNR and trust written that says..take HER off EVERYTHING...my Gawd..we all die..what is this "thing" about keeping the body alive in a horrid state..the very "christians" who believe in heaven, etc..are the same ones who fight to keep human's around long past "nature's way"..I'd want the plug pulled...even if there was a modecum of "electrical impulse"...I still believe in a type of heaven..I picture it as warm energy that feels (is) just pure love..something we can't get here on earth..not in the sense of "God Love"...so...let's see...bed and tubes...or whatever is out there waiting for me anyway....I'll take heaven...ANYTHING but a hospital bed...as a recent cancer victim...I've pretty much decided...I would NOT go through treatment again....glad I did it "once"...but that's it...now..ask me again in 5 years...but..it comes back tomorrow...I'm done...and that's okay (or should be..it's My friggin life)
10:21 AM on 11/26/2009
I was amazed that media picked this up and ran with it. I immediately thought of all the stories of facilitators and the autistic and how that had been proven to be a hoax.

I am not saying that I would consider him comatose though. He does appear to be conscious and able to react in a minimal manner. But not to the extent that has been reported.
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timhere
09:32 AM on 11/26/2009
The problem with things like this is that the media has already ran the story without doing their homework. Even if it is disproven it will be believed and used by the right forever.
06:28 PM on 11/27/2009
Worse, the media will never give a correction. They'll simply drop it. They got their headline--that's all they care about.
09:18 AM on 11/26/2009
First off, I should note that I belonged to a regional skeptics organization back in the 1980's.

I'd seen the video and my immediate reaction was wondering how you could tell there was ANY input from the subject. Beyond the ideomotor effect, most media reports featured a white lab coat attesting to how brain scans showed Houben to have normal brain activity ... therefore, clearly, he must be conscious and aware of his surroundings, and able to see, hear, etc.

Forget the cat/dog photo test. In theory, if there is a recognizable signal from Houben, someone who does not speak the same language as he should be able to relay a meaningful communication.

Furthermore, in order to type, one requires vision, and it hasn't been proved Houten is seeing anything.
If I can't see, I have no way of knowing what my assistant is holding my finger over. (Conventional touch typing also requires an anchor, with fingers on the base keys and the thumbs resting over the spacebar. Houten would seem to have no such awareness.) So we're being asked to believe that Houten not only has the keyboard layout memorized, he has the exact spacing of the keys relative to one another down pat.
08:44 AM on 11/26/2009
The New York Times is reporting that Dr Laureys is a member of the 2004 Congress on Life-Sustaining Treatments in the Vegetative State organized by the Vatican’s Pontifical Academy of Life.
http://thelede.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/11/25/doubting-a-medical-miracle/

The Vatican is lobbying for PVS and coma patients to be forcibly treated regardless of family wishes or living wills.

Conflict of interest?
09:33 AM on 11/26/2009
In the report I saw on CBS, I don't recall seeing any graphics/images of Houten's brain activity in comparison to a healthy patient. I don't recall any comments from physicians disputing the diagnosis.
10:43 AM on 11/28/2009
Laureys won't release anything else, claiming confidentiality, though the family could easily give him permission.

That's a big red flag right there.

Also troubling is Laureys's conclusion that he is fully conscious seems to be based solely on the fact that a PET scan of the patient's brain is comparable to a fully conscious person's.

But even a PET scan shows the brain is metabolizing glucose at the same rate as a fully conscious person, that does not demonstrate that the brain cells are actually functioning at a high enough level to indicate the patient is fully conscious.

It's clear Laureys desperately wants to believe, but he has presented no credible evidence of either the misdiagnosis Laureys claims or that the patient is as aware as you or me.
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Middle Blue
What's a micro-bio?
08:32 AM on 11/26/2009
This is actually a relief, because if the man were conscious, then he'd be insane by now.
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FilthyHarry
Expletive Deleted
11:38 AM on 11/26/2009
I don't know. Put a tv with cable on it in front of him and his quality of life wouldn't be different from a lot of people.
lastpost
see biography
06:56 AM on 11/26/2009
“facilitating the communication of their loved ones locked up in a broken brain.”

What then, is the motive of the facilitator? Is it mercenary, wishful thinking, or do they consider their actions of benefit to those intimately involved in that situation?
Does the lack of detectable activity conclusively prove the non-viability of the mechanism Michael? Or are there effects concerning the functionality of the brain (one of many things) that currently elude us? If experiments using LSD are not illusionary. Then a state of suspended, yet almost instantaneously recoverable animation is not impossible, while that affected individual remains alive. Creating a mental rendition of how reality is (according to us). Then attempting to incorporate whatever we encounter into that model, isn’t scepticism or science. It’s blind, baseless, yet possibly fortifying faith. Of the very kind you may despise.
08:16 AM on 11/26/2009
You don't understand the nature of the ideomotor effect. There is intent or motive in the facilitators - they are guiding the output unconsciously. It's the same thing with dousing. The tests are conclusive as Shermer says...not ever has a facilitated communicator typed out what the patient sees in a photograph if the facilitator didn't see that picture too.
05:04 AM on 11/26/2009
I can understand families being taken in for this because they will desperately believe in anything to convince themselves that their loved ones are still here, but doctors, neuroscientists? Surely logic and skepticism are fundamental part of medical and science courses? What is going on?
We seem to have an entire generation of so called 'experts', with as much professionalism and credibility as Sylvia Browne.

Just because you want to believe something is true, doesn't make it so. And exploiting vulnerable people to create the 'proof' for your wishful thinking is morally abhorrent.

If this case were not so tragic, it would be hilarious. Average people sitting at their computer screens have more sense, intelligence and awareness than these proven morons who are supposedly experts in their fields. How can they be fooled by such blatant fraud?

Anyway, thank you for a great article Mr Shermer.