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The political showdown over the 14th Amendment has a woman's touch. A commentary by Gebe Martinez, Ann Garcia, Jessica Arons at the Center for American Progress dissects the politics and the psychology of the campaign to change the 14th Amendment to dismantle birthright citizenship. Aside from the many legal flaws in their argument and the sheer ridiculousness of trying to change the constitution to clamp down on immigration, the rhetoric stems from a rich history of white patriarchy in American politics. Terms like "anchor baby" and "drop and leave" reduce Latina immigrants to the status of breeders and criminals, negating not only their humanity but their right to motherhood as well.

The authors point out that the demonization of women of color is a pretty common theme throughout the history of racial justice struggles:

This is also an ugly strategy fueled by sexism and racism. It taps into a long history of population control--government efforts to curb growth among disfavored populations. During slavery, the children slaveowners sired with their slaves were deemed slaves themselves who could be sold as chattel, thereby increasing the wealth of the owner rather than the size of his family. Chinese women in the 1800s were labeled prostitutes and denied visas to join their husbands who labored on our railroads. And black women, Native American women, and Latinas were routinely sterilized either without their knowledge or without their consent as recently as the 1970s.


Conservatives' rhetoric on this issue is particularly insulting, likening the human birthing process to that of farm animals....

By portraying immigrant women as less than human--that they "drop" babies as animals drop their offspring--immigration opponents stir up fears that foreigners specifically come here to have children in order to derive citizenship from their children, or claim government benefits.

To understand the gender dimension of institutionalized racism, we can look back to the evolution of the earliest efforts to formalize racial hierarchy. For example, historians have noted that in Virginia's colonial plantation society, laws and customs were framed around the goals of entrenching Black enslavement, controlling Black women's fertility, and generally bolstering white men's legal and social privilege.

As for the 14th Amendment, as Victor Goode pointed out last week, the sanctity of the family was one of the main principles used to defend birthright citizenship in the courts--a legal battle that remains unsettled.

Drawing from history going back to the era of slavery, we see the underlying objective behind the dehumanization of Latina mothers in the political arena: to obliterate the concept of the immigrant family in the public consciousness. To erase their presence in American communities and their contributions to the social fabric (not to mention the inequities they face in reproductive health and labor rights). There's a sinister logic to it: Latina women aren't mothers; they drop babies. Latino fathers don't support their families; they steal jobs. So the undocumented are blurred into a faceless horde that threatens to crowd out deserving U.S. citizens. This rubric teaches "real Americans" that their status must be vigilantly guarded, because citizenship isn't a birthright, but a privilege, reserved for real people.

Cross-posted from ColorLines.

 
 
 

Follow Michelle Chen on Twitter: www.twitter.com/meeshellchen

 
 
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11:27 AM on 08/24/2010
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/michelle-chen/gendering-the-birthright-_b_687794.html

In Arizona we do support a change to the 14th, or possibly a Supreme Court challenge. In order to understand why you might do some research here: http://www.vdare.com/
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01:31 PM on 08/23/2010
Well, don't overlook the obvious, either . . .

"Okay, so Barak Obama might have a birth certificate, but ... his parents! Ahh! THEY weren't legal (say...), so OBAMA isn't legal either and John McCain Is The Real President!"

(sigh. if only I were kidding.)
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12:54 PM on 08/23/2010
A house divided against itself, cannot stand.
11:07 AM on 08/23/2010
The 14th Amendment was never intended to give "birthright" citizenship to the children of foreign nationals that give birth to their child while in the US. The people that wrote the Amendment specifically excluded them.

The claims that it is sexist is absurd as are the comparisons to alleged abuses in the past. It is ridiculous to bring in the potential abuses that could have taken place when ownership of human beings was reality over 150 years ago.
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01:37 PM on 08/23/2010
Okay, so here's the text of the first section of that Amendment as actually passed:

"All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws."

(The remaining sections were obviously to give a big "screw you" to the former Confederates, so it seems to me that anything you might be referring to, Austin, must be somewhere in the above-quoted two sentences.)

And... I'm afraid that I just don't see any place in which "the people who wrote the Amendment specifically excluded them." The text literally says "all persons born," and, so far as I can see, for better or for worse says nothing about the status of the parents.

They probably could have written this Amendment better than they did, but I fail to see the clauses, inferences, exclusions, or motivations that you mention.
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EndRacismNow
Vielfalt Uber Alles
01:51 PM on 08/23/2010
“'and subject to the jurisdiction thereof'

This means under the jurisdiction of the United States and not subject to a foreign power. Illegal aliens are subject to a foreign power. The author of the citizenship clause, Sen. Jacob Howard, stated; "This will not, of course, include persons born in the United States who are foreigners, aliens, who belong to the families of ambassadors or foreign ministers."

In the 1884 case Elk v. Wilkins, the Supreme Court ruled that the 14th Amendment did not even confer citizenship on Indians -- because they were subject to tribal jurisdiction, not U.S. jurisdiction.””
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EndRacismNow
Vielfalt Uber Alles
01:51 PM on 08/23/2010
In the year 1873 the United States Attorney General ruled the word “jurisdiction” under the Fourteenth Amendment to mean:

The word “jurisdiction” must be understood to mean absolute and complete jurisdiction, such as the United States had over its citizens before the adoption of this amendment… Aliens, among whom are persons born here and naturalized abroad, dwelling or being in this country, are subject to the jurisdiction of the United States only to a limited extent. Political and military rights and duties do not pertain to them. (14 Op. Atty-Gen. 300.)

House Report No. 784, dated June 22, 1874, stated, “The United States have not recognized a double allegiance. By our law a citizen is bound to be ‘true and faithful’ alone to our government.” There is no way in the world anyone can claim “subject to the jurisdiction thereof” affirms the feudal common law doctrine of birth citizenship to aliens because such doctrine by operation creates a “double allegiance” between separate nations.
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Euterpe360
I'm just a little bi-partisan
10:26 AM on 08/23/2010
Can we please not make a case for gender politics in an immigration issue. Latina women are being treated exactly the same as Latino men. Both terribly, but at least equally.

Seriously, if another person plays the woman/race card one more time ima shoot 'em. Keep playing those cards when there's no reason and soon they'll mean nothing. Did anybody else see the sketch on The Daily Show about this? Cause they were right.
10:25 AM on 08/23/2010
If it wasn't so pathetic and sexist, it would be almost humorous to hear and read about people saying things like "drop and leave".

Do these nitwits actually think hundreds of pregnant women from Mexico walk across miles and miles of dry, dusty desert just to reach America, have a baby and then leave again? Please! Stop insulting our intelligence and making a mockery of your own alleged intelligence.

They come here so they can have their babies in a safe, sanitary environment, and hopefully get a job to support that baby, not to mention other children they may have. If they leave, it's because they can't find a job or they're forced to leave. Even then they will try again and again to come back because that's the only glimmer of hope they have.
07:53 AM on 08/23/2010
No one has a right to motherhood unless one is emotionally and financially prepared, no matter your race or status. Ever heard of birth conrol?
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12:50 PM on 08/23/2010
Then change the law and decide who may or may not have children. They try enforcing that law, especially when it goes against human nature. Look to China. How well has that worked? Have you ever seen a hospital before it has been cleaned up after having conducted 150 state mandated abortions on women who were 8 to 9 months pregnant? Templedancer, dance out of your temple and mingle among humanity. You might just gain some empathy -- such understanding and compassion, who knows, it could even help your dancing.
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06:07 PM on 08/23/2010
Have you ever seen such a hospital?

Where?

When?
03:44 AM on 08/23/2010
Nobody's trying to dehumanize Latina mothers or obliterate our awareness of immigrants. Some of us, however, are worried about the dangers of illegal immigration, including the kids who may result from this.

"Latina mothers" and "illegal immigrant mothers" don't mean the same thing!
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06:09 PM on 08/23/2010
What are the dangers of illegal immigration? How does it differ from the dangers of normal immigration? Please explain.

Are the kids more or less dangerous than the parents?

How has illegal immigration put you in danger?
01:43 AM on 08/23/2010
It has spun irrevocably out of control. Those on this thread who was to repeal birthright citizenship, fine. But they don't actually want to address the issues brought up by the article. There is no widespread epidemic of "anchor babies," that word was coined by the right to describe- per their own words- the children of Mexican immigrants. These are facts. There is no getting around it. There will obviously be no intelligent discussion of this article here because those issues are being diverted by individual egos and agendas. It is not, nor was it ever, an open borders vs. reform debate. Diversions.
I am saddened to see such a lack of human compassion. It's great to have diverse views, but the demagoguery about real human beings is not only heart-wrenching, it solves nothing.
02:49 AM on 08/23/2010
Why is it important to know the etymology of the term "anchor baby"?
Gasparilla
buy your local newspaper
07:33 AM on 08/23/2010
Your argument is kind of can't see the forest for the trees. You keep going on and on about the term "anchor baby" and not about whether having one out of twelve births to a person here illegally is a good thing. A lot of people don't think it is. It encourages more of the same and it says our laws about coming here legally can just be ignored. And should the parents of those children be deported, you and the author will be the first to call it racist, even though that is the law.
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thereisonlyoneparty
more amazing than you
01:08 AM on 08/23/2010
"Aside from the many legal flaws in their argument and the sheer ridiculousness of trying to change the constitution to clamp down on immigration, the rhetoric stems from a rich history of white patriarchy in American politics."

Yeah. It is all about "gender" and "race." Right? It is because of qualities that we invented that are self-reported and self-identified. you are so right.

I love how it is only dealing with "women of color" when it is about North America. Those people who are descended from Europeans are somehow now a different race from the rest of those people who are descended from Europeans. It is the only way it can be.

" There's a sinister logic to it: Latina women aren't mothers; they drop babies. Latino fathers don't support their families; they steal jobs. So the undocumented are blurred into a faceless horde that threatens to crowd out deserving U.S. citizens."

Yeah. It is all about them "Mex'cans" and only about them "Mex'cans." Lets completely ignore the children of Europeans and Asians because that does not work with your argument. There are no women in Korea who come to the US visa-free to get their children out of military service. There are no Chinese mothers who come the US to get citizenship for future education and career opportunities (as well as sponsors for the family). There are no Europeans doing that same thing. Or Canadians.
01:19 AM on 08/23/2010
It may not all be about gender and race (not sure why you put those in quotes?), but a great deal of it is and you haven't done much to refute it. The article was about "anchor babies." The people who coined that term are using it specifically to describe Mexican immigrants so I'm not sure where you're going with this... but may I just say, your tone isn't really helping your cause.
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thereisonlyoneparty
more amazing than you
01:35 AM on 08/23/2010
"(not sure why you put those in quotes?)"

Culturally-specific social constructs. The author is using them in a way to further her argument while implying that they are natural phenomena.
10:22 PM on 08/22/2010
Michelle Chen, here's a tribute for a fine and important article. I want to add another side of
the coin about "women of color" in Colonial America. One of my ancestors of that era was
a Cherokee maiden (said to be a princess in family lore, but aren't they all?). Archives from
the period support that heritage. The Native women who married whites were usually
shunned by the tribe so that another kind of "segregation" occurred as they lived with
their husbands and offspring in the "white world."

Later, no one in our family was ever entitled to benefits of Cherokee citizenship because,
after numerous court rulings, it was said that "they never lived among the rest of the tribe."
Curious little discriminatory practice, again against women and their right to inherit.
10:31 PM on 08/22/2010
That's really interesting- it certainly adds depth to the complicated intersection of race and gender in this country's legal system and cultural heritage. Thanks for sharing.
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HUFFPOST PUNDIT
desidid
11:05 PM on 08/22/2010
What would you like to tell us about the Cherokee revoking tribal citizenship to African Indians?
12:05 AM on 08/23/2010
That's a new term for me. Kindly explain what are African Indians?
Gasparilla
buy your local newspaper
05:56 PM on 08/22/2010
You're comparing laws from two hundred years ago that officially discriminated, by race, to laws that would say no one should get citizenship via an illegal act. If you could point out where some particular group is being targeted, you might have a case. But you can't and you don't. Then you talk about the "inequities they face". Rather odd to be in a country illegally, whether crossing the border without permission or failing to leave by the time you agreed on a temporary visa, and then proclaiming yourself a victim of a country you decided to come to, of your own free will.
07:55 PM on 08/22/2010
"If you could point out where some particular group is being targeted, you might have a case."

SB1070. FAIR. The entire "anchor baby" fabrication. Let's not pretend any longer that one group in particular isn't being targeted.
08:24 PM on 08/22/2010
You're right -- ILLEGALS are being targeted.

Just admit it -- you are in favor of open borders because it makes you feel morally superior, and you don't have to pay for any of it because you're a 47 percenter.
Gasparilla
buy your local newspaper
09:25 PM on 08/22/2010
Isn't this article about birthright citizenship? I believe that is the subject being discussed here. I said point out where any "particular group is being targeted" by any law changing birthright citizenship. The fact is you can't because it would apply to everyone equally. No more people flying here a week before their baby is due. I said show me any group that is singled out on this issue and you can't.
03:54 PM on 08/22/2010
You haven't connected these issues. I don't know anyone who thinks anchor babies for Europeans is ok but not for Mexicans. People are pretty consistent about this. Section 1 of the 14th Amendment was meant for freed slaves only. It wasn't meant for today's world in which people can travel rapidly and easily and with incredible economic disparity.

Or put it this way, if we don't end birth right citizenship then we have to end Social Security and Medicare and Medicaid. We can't afford these benefits in a offshored, H-1Bed, illegal immigrant world.

So pick what you want. Either we respect citizenship is for Americans and we have benefits or we say anyone can be a citizen and its like living in Thunderdome.
04:03 PM on 08/22/2010
Nonsensical.
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HUFFPOST PUNDIT
desidid
06:24 PM on 08/22/2010
Why?
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Skeptical Patriot
01:27 PM on 08/22/2010
You are confusing inflammatory words from a few with the real policy issue. Why should there be a back door for citizenship based upon the location of birth? It makes little sense and is not a policy that is used in most countries. Can it be a point of abuse? In our legalistic society, this kind of law can be abused. Should it be an important policy consideration? Of course not. The effort to repeal and Amendment is so large that the practical issue is that it shouldn't even be debated now.
03:42 PM on 08/22/2010
It is not "inflammatory words from a few," otherwise no one would be discussing it- and those words are now being used as the basis to change/repeal the 14th amendment. I don't think there is much confusion going on in that regard. "Can it be a point of abuse?" is not the question to ask; IS it being abused (it's not) is the question since hopefully- no matter how large the effort is to repeal- this country doesn't change the Constitution based on hypotheticals.
Though please let me know if I misunderstood your last sentence- it's a bit unclear.
03:57 PM on 08/22/2010
How do you prove this isn't just words of a few? Can you find anyone saying that its ok for Europeans to do this but not for Mexicans?
12:18 PM on 08/22/2010
Here's what TX Rep Rafael Anchia has to say about the "anchor babies" and birthright citizenship:
"The broader issue is, you know, why are we having a discussion about -- quote, unquote -- "anchor babies." If a person has a child here, that child cannot petition for their parents or a sibling to be here in the United States for a period of 10 years. And that petition can only begin after they are 21 years old.

So, the fact -- for people to suggest that people are coming here and having babies as a way to anchor themselves on an undocumented basis in this country is just not correct. The law doesn't bear that out. Just because you have a child here doesn't mean that you can't be deported tomorrow. It doesn't mean that you get any special preference with respect to your immigration status.

The fact is that nobody can -- that a child who is born here cannot petition on behalf of their parents unless they have left the country for 10 years."
HUFFPOST PUNDIT
Daly
02:03 PM on 08/22/2010
Fanned # 8, for not just this post but all your post that I've read(mis-read :) ) here.

Waiting 21 years to have your American kid petition, what Anchia did not mention is that the petitioner has to also prove that they can afford to take care of the petitioned... typically 21 year olds do not have the wealth to afford the process.

We heard some of this same silliness about Obama... because he had a few childhood years out of country, he born in a state newer to the nation than McCain is old but the bottom line in the rants is RaceBaitHate.
03:43 PM on 08/22/2010
Thanks Daly! Back at you!
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HUFFPOST PUNDIT
desidid
11:58 PM on 08/22/2010
Here is your documentation on the number of children born to illegals http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2010-08-11-illegal-immigrant-childrenl_N.htm
I just think this is hysterically comical because if hospitals aren't asking about the status of the parent then how is the information being recorded?
12:34 AM on 08/23/2010
"Hysterically comical"? You do realize these are people we're talking about, right? As for your last question, I was wondering the same thing myself... In fact, the head admin. of the hospital in TX who spoke to CBS for their report on "anchor babies" explicitly said they don't ask for that information. But, you should absolutely trust every number you come across- especially if that number supports your agenda. Have fun.
01:28 AM on 08/23/2010
It is easy since the mother does not speak any or very little English, has no ID, and has no insurance and no means of payment. All that points to the FACT that she is an illegal immigrant. So it is fairly easy to say who is or is not a legal citizen.