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Mike Lux

Mike Lux

Posted: August 11, 2009 12:05 PM

Small States with Big Power


There is a lot of discussion right now about how Senators from small states hold too much power compared to the percent of population they represent. There's a lot of truth to this. Alex MacGillis of the Washington Post wrote in an analysis column in their Sunday Outlook section, and David Sirota and Nathan Newman have done good pieces on the topic as well. The simple facts are that the key gang of six negotiating health care in the Senate Finance Committee represent less than 3% of the nation's population; that the ten largest states are home to over half the country's population but represent only 20% of the Senate; the 21 smallest states together have less total population than California does.

It's good that people are raising these issues, and pointing out this unfairness. The plain fact of the matter, though, is that absent a constitutional convention suddenly being held, there is no changing this particular injustice. It would take 2/3 of the Senate, after all, to pass a constitutional amendment to restructure the Senate, and virtually all of the Senators from small states would vote against it. So we are stuck for now.

What we ought to be focused on instead are strategies that might work. Some folks I know are for ending the filibuster entirely, or at least cutting the vote needed for cloture from 60 to 55. This doesn't address the small state issue, but would at least bring us closer to majority rule. Being for more democracy rather than less, I would tend to favor such a thing despite the downside of all the damage Republicans would do when they had the majority. Senators themselves, though, like the additional power they get from only having to get 40 of their colleagues to agree with them instead of 50, and liberals tend to be scared of an unencumbered right wing in control of the government would tend to oppose such a thing, so I'm thinking that will be tough to win.

There is one thing that the progressive movement can start to do today, though, that can help change the dynamics in the Senate, and that is to invest in a small state/rural strategy.

I have felt for years that I am one of the few people in national Democratic politics who is both a strong progressive and a strong advocate for aggressively reaching out to people in rural and small state America. When I was on the 1992 Clinton campaign, and in the Clinton White House, I was liaison to both the broad progressive community and to farmer/rancher/small town groups. Ever since, I have strongly advocated both strong progressive positions and a vigorous small town/rural strategy even as (a) my mostly east and west coast and urban progressive friends were suspicious that outreach to rural folks would water down progressive politics, and (b) my friends from small states and rural areas were convinced big city liberals could never relate to them.

Having grown up in conservative Nebraska, with my in-laws family farmers in (very) rural and (very) Republican Missouri, I don't underestimate the challenges of a progressive small state strategy, but I would offer the following items from recent history as evidence:

  • In the 1950s, in one of the most Republican states in the country, George McGovern went county by county in South Dakota and built an organization that not only elected him Senator three times, but has been electing Democrats ever since. McGovern and his colleague James Abourezk were among the most progressive Senators in the country, while modern day South Dakota Democrats Tom Daschle and Tim Johnson have been loyal and mainstream Democratic leaders, in spite of South Dakota's strong Republican nature.

  • Iowa for most of its history had been one of the most Republican states in the country. When I first starting talking to people about taking a job there with a new statewide progressive coalition (the Iowa Citizen Action Network) in 1982, the state had a Republican Governor, two Republican Senators, a Republican majority Congressional delegation, and both Houses of the legislature controlled by the Republicans. But a group of progressive Democrats came together to rebuild the state Democratic Party as well as progressive organizations like ICAN. In 1982, Democrats took control of both legislative chambers, and in 1984 populist progressive Tom Harkin won a Senate seat. In 1988, Mike Dukakis won in Iowa, the first Democrat to win the state's electoral votes since the LBJ landslide in 1964, a victory which started a trend: in five of the six elections from 1988 to 2008, the Democrats won, losing narrowly only in 2004. Although Democrats lost control of the legislature for a while in the 1990s and early 2000s, a Democratic Governor, Tom Vilsack, finally won in 1998, and Democratic infrastructure kept getting stronger. Today, Democrats have the entire Congressional delegation except for one seat, and both houses of the legislature firmly in their control. They still have the Governor's mansion, and Tom Harkin is still there.

  • Montana is another state which has been strongly Republican over the years. Governor Brian Schweitzer has made a name for himself as a leader of western populist progressives, and Jon Tester came out of nowhere to surprise an establishment Democratic primary front runner, and then edge right wing Republican Senator Conrad Burns. Max Baucus is giving all of us progressives heartburn on health care, but I suspect if he was facing an election rather than just being elected to another 6 year term last year, he would be approaching the issue quite differently. A progressive group in the state, Forward Montana, has been doing an incredible job building an organization there.


As I wrote a couple of weeks ago, there is a fascinating combination of libertarianism and populism in the small states of the west and Midwest, and while this combination can produce a negative politics at times, it can also produce people like Schweitzer, Harkin, Ohio Senator Sherrod Brown, and the beloved progressive icon Paul Wellstone.

For too many years, progressive organizations and leaders have paid far too little attention to the small states and small towns of the Midwest and west. It is not as easy to organize there, pick up new direct mail or online members. And there are big cultural barriers between big city coastal progressives and rural/small state folks. The pay off for a long term strategy of organization and party building in small states is immense, though. We need to be investing in both national organizations that work on rural organizing such as RuralVotes, and great statewide groups like Forward Montana and ICAN. There is simply no other path to passing progressive legislation through the Senate without going through the small states.

 
 
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12:52 PM on 08/12/2009
This is a travesty. Why should these small backward states have so much power over the rest of us? California elects republicans people. lt wouldn't be one party rule. Texas, Florida and Ohio would still elect those fools. Our country is being held prisoner by people who think there's a man in the sky that had his kid butchered cause we're bad bad creatures. They deny our common descent from the rest of life on the planet. And they want to stop us from having real healthcare. They're trying to keep the insurance rackets going with impunity. This is sickening. It's not like we're trying to takes their precious guns away. All we're trying to do is allow our government to do it's job, but then that's the problem. They don't want our government to work properly because that would mean their bs ideology was wrong.
09:17 AM on 08/12/2009
On the same lines...

Why should 5% of the population hold the rest of the country hostage in the health care debate? The power of such a small percentage of the population to control the health care and wallets of the rest of the nation. It's good that people are raising issues, and pointing out this unfairness.
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CelticMajic
The answer lies in each of us individually
09:06 AM on 08/12/2009
Gosh, that pesky constitution again what will we do?
08:04 AM on 08/12/2009
What a system, that vests such power in the hands of
senior Senators from 'tiny' rural states who only want
to bring in a few (million) $$$ from Big Healthcare?

By all rights, such a privilege belongs to Senators from
California or NY, if not Texas or Florida, where they really
need the money.
07:30 AM on 08/12/2009
MOB RULE is as much a danger to our society as corporate corruption.

The problem with America right now is that we have BOTH operating independently and both growing quite well.

So far the corporate corruption has been successful in ensuring Americans of the Mob Rule are ignorant of issues and are led around like cattle.

We need to break the cattle stick and educate the herds. Then about 50 years from now when a few more beefarinos get smart it'll be too late. We'll be in a New World Order and your rights will disappear while large red state corporations demand that we participate in the New World Order. Then you'll be working for a guy named Hamed Mohammed Fazeel Nassir Rangon Bin Laden...........................because there wont be any jobs in America.
10:00 AM on 08/12/2009
You are right. "We need to break the cattle stick and educate the herds.". The country is getting deeper and deeper in debt. The interest on that debt could pay for all the health care proposed, however, instead is sent to China and other places. We are controlled by the debt. Until it is resolved we can not afford the lavish health care programs proposed.

If we do not resolve the debt problem we will be owned by China and they will resolve our health care system by imposing theirs.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
levee
04:50 AM on 08/12/2009
"Today, the largest state, California, has a population that is seventy times greater than the population of the smallest state, Wyoming. In 1790, it would take a theoretical 30% of the population to elect a majority of the Senate, today it would take 17%. Today, there are seven states with only one Congressman (Alaska, Delaware, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Vermont, and Wyoming); at no time in the past has there been as high a proportion of one-Congressmen states."

the point being that in 1790, the desires of a minority of 30% of the population could elect half of the senate. Now it is possible to have the senate (and by extension the nation) usurped by 50 senators elected by 17% of the population.
The senate, not the presidency, is the most powerful institution in the world. To think that it can be overrun by the same percentage of people who think Sarah Palin could be president, who get their news from fox, who think obama is an arab, who think the earth is 6,000 years old: that is the most frightening fact there is.
Populous states have tolerated the inflated influence of the ignoramia on myriad issues over many decades. To have 40 senators (who probably equate to 10% of the population) still capable of thwarting democracy is the tragedy of our age.
09:34 AM on 08/12/2009
In the Constitutional convention to write the constitution large states wanted representation by population. Small states feared large states running rampant over small ones with their ideas. A compromise was reached to have a house with a population based representation and a senate with 2 Senators per state.

Your statement of "Populous states have tolerated the inflated influence of the ignoramia on myriad issues over many decades. To have 40 senators (who probably equate to 10% of the population) still capable of thwarting democracy is the tragedy of our age." shows why the small state fears are justified.

This is NOT a tragedy of our age. It is an example of the great wisdom and insight of the Constitution writers.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
levee
10:15 AM on 08/12/2009
You fawn to readily to the propaganda of our forefathers. There was no "wisdom". It was a compromise reached to have a constitution that could get ratified as opposed to the one that the majority wanted. The constitutional convention itself was a senate of sorts, in that, it too gave equal representation to each state as opposed to representation by population. even then the compromise passed by a single vote.

Your right, it is NOT the tragedy of our age. Jingoism is.
10:06 PM on 08/11/2009
LOL!!!

Right. That darn Constitution! You'd think the Founding Fathers actually wanted to make sure that smaller, less populus states also had some political clout. Thank GOD for the power of the Senate to reign in the nutcases that are running the House. Looks like Adams, Jefferson, Sherman, Franklin and the like had a pretty good crystal ball all those years ago.
12:18 AM on 08/12/2009
The only nutcases are republicans! And people like you. The republican were so completely drubbed, that they are nothing more than a 38% national party, and that number will be much smaller after redistricting.

Frankly, the founding fathers screwed up with the Senate. It was never envisioned that 41% of the upper chamber could dictate terms to the other 59%. They only threw this nugget to the small states (at that time), because they were in the middle of a revolt with the most powerful military the world have ever seen.

Madison envisioned the real power to be in the House: The most direct representation! Also interestingly, the place where conservatards will soon be extinct! If you wanna talk about nutcases, look into the mirror Mr. 38% minority man!
09:51 AM on 08/12/2009
This is exactly what our founding fathers envisioned.

The small states feared their rights would be trampled so to prevent that the house and senate were devised.

Without that compromise there would never have been a Constitution or a United States.
07:59 PM on 08/11/2009
Damn that Constitution! If we could just get rid of that..........
07:00 PM on 08/11/2009
Adding to the simmering feeling of outrage at the small (mostly red) states dictating policy to the large (mostly blue) states is that the large states subsidize the small ones - the Federal budget is a large scale transfer of wealth from the blue to the red.

Which the red states pay back with an attitude of hostility, that seems to be increasing every day.

But - really, there is nothing to be done about this in the short term.

In the longer term, we need to look to restoring a sense of national unity (and rationality) to the unhinged red staters, rather than looking for pay back.

Fairness is not often part of real life.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
skatscan
08:09 AM on 08/12/2009
People are fat in the red states because they keep biting the hands that feed them.
06:13 PM on 08/11/2009
A university education is a good thing. Unfortunately, some may good good grades, but don't really pay attention in class. Some basic facts:

1. The US is not a democracy; it has a representative form of government. This is by construction not by luck.
2. The Senate represents the states.
3. The House represents the citizens proportionately.
4. The form was created as one of the bulwarks to protect against the "tyranny of the majority" (de Tocqueville and more generally JS Mill) and in the Federalist papers, as "the violence of the majority faction."
5. Only later was it used as a foil against the power (by the Republicans) against the south.

Lux needs a better educaton on American political philosophy; If he wants to live in a majority rule country, he should look no further than Mexico or Venezuela, and then move there. This all sounds like a campaing of sour grapes because Obama can't get his way.
01:25 AM on 08/12/2009
The founding fathers basically built firewalls into the framework of the govt to protect the "opulent minority". They figured they could sit and rule as wise gentlemen and later got gamed by businessmen who hijacked the system.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
mountainweb
Conservative Commonsense
05:47 PM on 08/11/2009
That's why they call it the best government that money can buy, and they sold their souls a long time ago. Now they want to use the census to count illegal aliens to change the number of senators and congressmen that states get.
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joetherealist
The economy isn't broken; it's fixed
08:08 PM on 08/11/2009
Um, where do I start here?

1. Senators ARE congressmen;
2. The number of senators will never change unless we change the Constitution or admit another state to the union;
3. Illegal aliens are not counted towards the number of representatives we have;
4. Ugh, never mind.
08:45 PM on 08/11/2009
"3. Illegal aliens are not counted towards the number of representatives we have."

Incorrect. The constitution only mentions people, not citizens, and while illegal aliens are not entitled to vote, they most certainly DO count when apportioning House seats. California has gained as many as SIX seats this way.

This also explains the Obama decision to remove the census from the portfolio of the Commerce Secretary. Rahm Emanuel wants to fingertip the process to ensure that as many seats go to Dems as possible. The entire situation is a national disgrace!
05:40 PM on 08/11/2009
Can't they come to an agreement in which the "Blue Dog states" are kept out of a public option and/or health reform?
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WorkingClass
05:28 PM on 08/11/2009
The gang of six represents less than 3% of the population. If they would represent their 3% we wouldn't be having this conversation. The problem is they only represent a hand full of mega billionaires who don't even live in their state. Elected officials who take bribes should be in prison along with the people bribing them.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
ScreenName05
05:11 PM on 08/11/2009
I think progressives need a strategy to deal with these states, and we don't need to wait until a Constitutional Convention is held. They are trying to dictate to the great majority of Americans what they should and should not have, and they are generally wrong. Their leaders have grown fat on federal grants and consumers unaware of products made in states that were regularly voting against their interests. People spend a lot of time worrying about socially conscious investments, and buying green. They then ignore the fact that most of the food they eat and a lot of the stuff they would be better off not eating grows or is made in these small population states. Iowa, Montana, Idaho, etc. need California, New York, New Jersey, etc. a lot more than the big states need them. The next time you are going into the local coop or Food World in California or New York, take a look at where the products you are buying are being made - buy local if you can, but avoid purchases from the small states trying to dictate our futures. These states are so small that even a small drop in purchases by the folks in California and New York will have a significant effect. I see nothing wrong with minority rights and minority protections but dictating their beliefs to the rest of us is neither fair or positive.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
chickenNgravy
05:27 PM on 08/11/2009
Montana and Wyoming produce a lot of meat (cattle) but are not big farming States. If you are a vegan, they don't give you much. Well, except oil, natural gas and coal.

What, pray tell,do people in Montana or Wyoming need from New York or New Jersey?
HUFFPOST COMMUNITY MODERATOR
WorkingClass
05:56 PM on 08/11/2009
Derivatives
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
levee
06:15 AM on 08/12/2009
soldiers for one. those small state senators love to beat the drum, but the vast majority of boots on the ground are from blue states.

oh, and you like that computer your using? it wasn't invented, designed or made or imported anywhere near Wyoming. Nor was much of anything resembling the modern world. Why is it that those who actually engage the world - the coasts, the ports, the industrial centers - are blue, while the bastions of poverty, poor education, and xenophobia are red as a rose?
HUFFPOST COMMUNITY MODERATOR
WorkingClass
05:45 PM on 08/11/2009
Small states are not your enemy. They are not even your problem. Corporate rule maintained by corrupt politicians from big and small states is your problem. You really should try to manage an extended visit to a small state sometime. You sound like you have never been away from home.
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HUFFPOST PUNDIT
jsgaetano
Semper Fidelis Tyrannosaurus!
05:09 PM on 08/11/2009
Actually, I don't find it fair that Goopers control close to half the committee appointments, even though they represent around 20% of American voters.

Why is America being hijacked by a radical fringe minority?