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Mohamed A. El-Erian

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Will Actions Follow Words in Europe?

Posted: 08/23/2012 3:35 pm

Thank you Germany, Italy, Spain and, especially, the European Central Bank. They all said enough to provide markets and investors with a tranquil August so far. The question now is whether they will be able and willing to pivot -- from reassuring words to the series of actions required to enable this tranquility to grow deep roots.

Let us start with some key facts. By the close on July 25th, Europe finances were at a critical level -- again. The yield on 10-year Spanish bonds had surged to 7.3%, rendering the country's debt dynamics highly unstable; and it was probably only a matter of days before it would have lost market access.

With Spain tottering, there were concerns that Italy could not be that far behind. Accordingly, the 10-year yield there had risen to 6.4 percent, fueling concerns that it too would eventually need a bailout.

Such recourse to European funding packages by two of the eurozone's largest economies would have probably overwhelmed creditors' willingness to lend. It would have also undermined the economic and financial fabric of Europe's historic economic integration initiative.

Mario Draghi, the president of the ECB, suddenly (and dramatically) pressed a pause button on all these concerns. In an historic speech in London on July 26th, he reassured the world that "the ECB is ready to do whatever it takes to preserve the euro;" and to be crystal clear, he added "believe me, it will be enough." At his ECB press conference a week later, he wrapped these remarks with partially-defined promises of both financing and conditionality.

Mr. Draghi's words struck that delicate balance between creditors and debtors. The conditionality element opened the door for supportive comments out of German officials; and the financing component was music to the ears of Italian and Spanish officials. With that, hedge funds rushed to cover their shorts (reflecting both perceived changes in risk and high maintenance costs of these positions).

The result was a tumble in yields -- to around 6.2% for Spain and 5.6% for Italy as of August 21st. Front-end bonds experienced an even greater yield compression, providing more reasons for other risk markets to rally. And they did, with the S&P gaining almost 6% in the four week period after Draghi's speech.

The critical challenge now for Europe (and beyond) is to build on these gains, not only to spread financial stability but also to counter the notable weakening of global economic prospects at a time of high unemployment on both sides of the Atlantic (with the notable exception of Germany).

Words alone will not be enough for that. A series of mutually-reinforcing actions are needed, focusing on six key areas:

  • First, Italy and Spain would need to strike, and implement in a consistently credible fashion, a better balance between immediate austerity and measures to promote competitiveness, growth and jobs.
  • Second, these efforts would need to be supported by more comprehensive and ample provision of financing from the ECB and other European facilities.
  • Third, in order to crowd-in private flows that are critical to economic sustainability (instead of continuing to finance their exit), the ECB and European governments would need to limit the subordination of private creditors.
  • Fourth, politicians in both surplus and creditor countries would need to do a much better job in conveying this multi-faceted, multi-year initiative to domestic constituencies, and convincing them of its necessity and viability.
  • Fifth, the time has come to take a more decisive and courageous approach towards Greece's membership as continuous flip-flopping serves only to undermine the credibility of the eurozone as a whole.
  • Sixth, all this would need to be underpinned by a meaningful structural and institutional revamp of the eurozone, including immediate progress towards greater fiscal integration and a region-wide banking union.


This is a challenging list, especially for the next few weeks; and it requires the type of political leadership and coordination that, hitherto, has tended to elude the eurozone.

Slippage on any single issue would risk a renewal of financial market turmoil and, with that, a further slide into recession for Europe (accentuated by high youth unemployment, explosive debt dynamics and social unrest).

August was indeed tranquil, and thankfully so. While hoping that this tranquility extends to September and beyond, policymakers and investors would unfortunately be well advised to guard against the return of heightened financial volatility.

This post originally appeared at CNBC.com.

 
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Thank you Germany, Italy, Spain and, especially, the European Central Bank. They all said enough to provide markets and investors with a tranquil August so far. The question now is whether they will b...
Thank you Germany, Italy, Spain and, especially, the European Central Bank. They all said enough to provide markets and investors with a tranquil August so far. The question now is whether they will b...
 
 
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08:19 PM on 08/27/2012
In Europe the voice of the street, or public opinion are much, definitively much stronger than in the U.S. where the «market» id est, Wall Street is the ruler. This explain the difference in policy making and the «itching» for QE3 in the U.S.
10:09 PM on 08/26/2012
Whenever talk turns to Europe and its problems I always wonder why the Iceland solution is studiously avoided. Yes Iceland decided to take a bath, default and work their way forward. Interestingly it seems to have worked out pretty well for them after a couple of really tough years. The probablity is that Greece could do the same if they had the will. Fundamentally the problem is that the Euro is a monetary union without matching political and fiscal unions and is inherently unstable. All this constant tinkering at the edges is jsut prolonging the problem. Europe needs to deal with it one way or the other so that it can stop acting as a drag on the whole global economy for decades to come.
03:47 PM on 08/28/2012
"so that it can stop acting as a drag on the whole global economy for decades to come."

As a European I can tell you: it won't.

To politicians and many European economists the Euro is 100% taboo. They will mend it, repair it, fix it, etc.,etc.. until it finally works. To politicians it is either their pet project or they are shit scared what might happen if they ditch it. To economists it was a ridiculous move they warned against but now the Euro exists they consider ditching it worse than keeping it.

Politicians are working on more centralised Eurozone budget control, but Europe being Europe that will take 25 years of negotiations before a mechanism has been found all parties can agree to.

Nothing against the US, but the EU has an agenda of its own. It is an entity that competes with the US, considers the Euro its flagship and, frankly, couldn't care less about whatever the US's stance on the Euro is.

So, yes. It is indeed very likely the Euro issue will drag on for a yeeeeaaars to come.
Genders
Love, Tolerance, Enlightenment
08:26 PM on 08/26/2012
There is a shark in the room you are missing.

The banksters robbed us all. Till we deal with them, we are at their mercy.

The very banksters who crashed the economy with SWAPS gambling, are doing it more and using a 30T$ slush fund from OUR FED!!!!

Finance went from 5% of our economy in 1980 to over 144% when it crashed, made up for with OUR FED 30T$ for free .004%.

More and more intertwined leveraged SWAPS are being used than every before. 100's of trillions in total overhang, that becomes more and more sensitive to the slightest triggers.

The last trigger was the housing downturn. The loans were the horses at the track, the bankster's bonuses would have saved all the toxic loans if the banksters had used it for that as they supposed to.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Financialization#Financial_turnover_compared_to_gross_domestic_product
08:16 PM on 08/26/2012
Most Europeans- especially the rich ones are on vacation the whole month of August. There's no one working to make comments. Wait until September when reality hits and Greece gets booted! If Greece goes, who is next? Greece is one thing, but if Spain or Italy are in jeopardy the Euro is doomed unless only Belgium, France, and Germany want to keep it. Unfortunately the fiscal cliff the US is in will keep getting worse unless Congress will cooperate with whomever is president to lower the deficit. Republicans take warning- Reaganomics does not work! Just look at the deficit levels during the two Bush eras!
04:34 PM on 08/26/2012
No, they won't.
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William50
12:53 PM on 08/26/2012
Calm sooth words, perhaps a nice cool drink and then what? O yes, Greece is still not able with all of the cuts to make the mortgage payment and what the hell do we do with a complete country, after all we can't just shoot them!
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balamo
07:48 AM on 08/26/2012
august is always a quiet month in europe - as most everybody is on holiday (if they can still afford it). the fun starts right about now - end of august and early septermber...

it seems the northern europeans are prepared to cut greece loose. thankfully this will force the greeks to stop groveling begin dealing with the new reality of re organizing life and society in what could be a paradise country with a 9.5 million population...this will require an uprooting of the corrupt political class in the country, as well as a basic change in the 'us vs. them' attitude of the greeks towards their government.

in the meantime, financial markets will certainly use the 'grexit' to knock back markets and pull in the chips again - much like in '08. hold on! it will be a bumpy ride...and one that the incumbent president won't appreciate unfolding during the run up to the elections...
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Johnny Rose
03:48 AM on 08/26/2012
The future generations will highly criticize our financial systems today. Even if they make the euro stable for now, the debts are surely going to be rising. They will keep borrow money at rates they won't be able to pay, and if we continue like this, one day very soon, the whole system will blow up on our faces.
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HamletsMill
All Myth is Astronomy
11:39 AM on 08/26/2012
Total collapse will eventually come. Absolutely NOTHING whatsoever is going to change until every person in the EU and U.S. clearly understands that the problems we are facing are ALL SYSTEMIC. We are facing a 300 YEAR STRUCTURAL SOCIETAL EVENT. The DEEP ROOT PROBLEM is the "Money-As-Debt Fractional Reserve Banking System" invented by the Bank of England in 1694. If you bring in the invention of the "Corporate Charter of Kings" concept in Western history, we are facing a 500 YEAR STRUCTURAL SOCIETAL EVENT.

The Structural Problem:

THE SECRET OF OZ - Bill Still
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=swkq2E8mswI

LIFE INC. - Douglas Rushkoff
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sOBWhVe68os

WEB OF DEBT - Ellen Brown (1 of 5)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QU0XiklHPMc

The Solution:

"THE LOST SCIENCE OF MONEY" - Stephen A. Zarlenga
http://old.monetary.org/lostscienceofmoney.html

A SHORT HISTORY OF THE "MONEY POWER" - Stephen A. Zarlenga
http://www.monetary.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/32-page-brochure-sept2011.pdf

HR-2990 - 09/21/11
http://www.monetary.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/HR-2990.pdf

The Global Financial Nuclear Detonation Ticking Time Bomb:

ECONOMIC INFOGRAPHICS
http://demonocracy.info/

DERIVATIVES: THE UNREGULATED GLOBAL CASINO FOR BANKS
http://demonocracy.info/infographics/usa/derivatives/bank_exposure.html

The Ticking Time Bomb Deuterium Trigger On EVERYONE'S BANK ACCOUNTS:

BANK OF AMERICA DEATHWATCH
http://tinyurl.com/6hc5txa

BANK OF AMERICA DANGEROUS DERIVATIVES DEAL
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N_XtXhiekQk
04:35 PM on 08/26/2012
You mean our governments.
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Johnny Rose
05:52 PM on 08/26/2012
Ι mean the whole picture, the whole system
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davidprosser
02:35 AM on 08/26/2012
The austerity currently being promoted for Greece, Italy, Spain, Portugal, and Ireland is very severe. The idea of holding a common currency, and such deep interconnection and interdependence of markets, worked as long as credit was good. This isn't simply a, "Blame Greece and company" problem. After all, such nations as Germany were happy to sell as much as they could to these nations, no doubt knowing that eventually credit would run out.

In order to solve the EU crisis it's going to take a new approach: These nations need to begin to act, as a result of their interconnection and interdependence, much more like a family. Currently what we're seeing is the bludgeoning of the big spenders, and the reign of nations like Germany.

But this severe austerity doesn't truly help the wealthy EU nations, due to their interdependence with the failing EU nations, just as it severely harms the failing nations. In order to solve the EU crisis a different attitude of mutual responsibility needs to develop. The past needs to be forgiven and a new mutual future needs to be planned together.
01:38 PM on 08/26/2012
I see Germany blamed for doing business in Greece. Without that business, the crisis might have come to a head much sooner. This crisis reminds me of a teenager who carelessly ran up his credit card and then came to good old dad for more money. Any loan would surely be made with caution until the kid proves he can work to repay the debt.. If someone takes money and fails to repay, it's theft. You can't blame those loaning the funds for taking prudent steps to ensure loans are secured in some way. Remember the U.S. mortguage loan fiasco? We're all paying those bills because we failed to ensure the ability to repay them..
07:46 PM on 08/25/2012
The answer to your question is "no".
06:54 PM on 08/25/2012
Mr El-Erian, PIMCO is a subsidiary of Allianz, which is a German company. Now, what is your subsidiary doing to support German politics? Or, asked differently: Since you wield considerable power that can shape politics, why should - as a matter of national security - your corporation not be nationalized if it's seen to counteract the policies of the very parliament you are dominion of?
02:35 AM on 08/25/2012
"They real to and fro, and stagger like a drunken man, and are at their wits end." For your information Google "The World Monetary Order to Come".
05:28 PM on 08/24/2012
The question that should be asked and thought about is Italy Greece, Spain and others to far over their heads and cannot get out of this unless they go into a massive recession or depression.

Spain and Italy may survive but Greece may not because of culture and reality. Sometime we try to dream away real facts and consequences and in my opinion you must study the cultures very carefully before coming up with a realistic opinion about what countries will be able to adjust.

Many people do not deal with reality and are just hopeful.

Sometimes you are just to far in debt and everyone knows you cannot come out of in any realistic way and so you go bankrupt! That is what people, business and yes soon Countries in my opinion. The difference is that a Country will not sell there land to pay back creditors or lets say Greece, Italy or Spain will not.

Look very carefully at the consequences of what a Country promises to do and then you will have a better grounded opinion if they can live up to their promises.
T-Haight
What was wrong with federalism?
11:32 AM on 08/24/2012
Dr. Mario's words may have soothed market fears, but this doesn't change the underlying problems.

First, it's not clear the the ECB has the legal authority for mass buys of sovereign debt from troubled EU nations. The Germans have been noting this for some time, and while Ms. Merkel has relaxed her position, it's far from clear she will allow such bond purchases. It's also unclear why it makes sense for the newer EU members, which have kept their debts and deficits reasonable, should be on the hook for "eurobonds" supporting spendthrift nations.

Second, the ultimate problem is that the debt levels of these countries (Italy, Spain, etc), combined with their regular deficits, have become unsustainable. There is little evidence that these nations have the political will to bring their revenues in line with their expenditures. Countries can live with a misalignment of revenue/expenses by borrowing, and can effectively avoid debt problems by economic growth; however, the demographics for Southern European countries are not favorable for growth (too many pensioners and too few young workers).

Expecting the ECB to step in and help merely kicks the can down the road; the same borrowing is going on (albeit at a higher level), and growth hasn't changed. Sure, today's investors will keep lending because they understand that kicking the can down the road makes sure they will get paid for investments today, but this is musical chairs and European taxpayers will get stuck with the bill when the music stops.
06:49 PM on 08/25/2012
Regarding some issues I think you are factually wrong:

"while Ms. Merkel has relaxed her position" ... that is, when it comes to the ECB, meaningless. Within the ECB (actually, across the EU) central banks must be independent. In Germany, not even the Chancellor would publicly give "advise" to the central bank (Bundesbank). Much like our politicians are extremely reluctant or careful when commenting on the Federal Constitutional Court (Bundesverfassungsgericht).
Both are part of our federal "checks and balances" and posts are assigned non-partisan.

"the debt levels of these countries" Also this is not that easy. Spain has less public debt than Germany has. Italy has more debt, but a minimal (maybe this year even none) structural deficit. On the other hand, Italy (as a polity) and Italians (on average) are wealthier than Germany and Germans.

The likes of El-Erian demand (which I think is utterly wrong and misplaced) that 17/27 nations act just like the US, namely letting them deal only with two options (Democrat, Republican) and a limited number of people they need to talk to.
T-Haight
What was wrong with federalism?
10:01 AM on 08/26/2012
I agree with you that a central bank, by its nature, needs to be independent and that they are in most countries. However, the ECB isn't exactly analogous to a NATION'S central bank. It has its own checks and balances because of the structure of the EU as a collection of sovereign nations. Germany in particular has been very reluctant to allow mass bond buys or the sale of "Eurobonds" that would accomplish much the same, because there is a respectable chance that Germany could be left holding the bag.

You are also correct that the debt levels of the troubled nations are not as high as some like Germany, but note that Spain and Italy are stuck in horrendous employment situations and are bleeding money, while Germany has low unemployment and no blow-out budgets at the moment. The interest rate is linked to the prospect of repayment, of which both the country's current debt and it's expected economic prospects for the hear future play. All that said, it doesn't change the analysis that Italy and Spain are in very, very tough spots.
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free reign
My country tis of thee!
08:15 AM on 08/26/2012
No entity, man, country, business, will stay viable when untaxed, non-citizen interest is given right to pirate and racketeer, with that entity's own earned, held, or counterfeitted equity, EVER. It is treasonous empowerment of non-ctizen interests against the entity's interest.
T-Haight
What was wrong with federalism?
10:02 AM on 08/26/2012
I'm sorry, I don't understand this post. Who do you think is pirating? The ECB?
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11:01 AM on 08/24/2012
The EC has implemented no new plan in the last 3-4 months, and prospects are awful. We {USA} are in much worse shape than in 2008 and will soon be experiencing an economic tsunami that will make the last depression {1930's}, feel like a mild recession.The world we live in, lack the leaders that will confront the present problems head-on, and face-up once and for all with the pain and sacrifices that are necessary medicine to slowly climb out of this abyss.