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Mohamed A. El-Erian

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Markets Balance Solvency, Growth and Liquidity

Posted: 01/28/2012 10:23 am

The health of the global economy, and that of markets, depends on the success of a series of medium-term hand-offs between the public and private sectors -- in growth, balance sheets and credit flows. This week's data highlighted their complexity. Fortunately for investors, the valuation impact is being compensated by central banks' wide open liquidity spigots.

To counter disorderly private sector de-levering and avoid an economic depression, governments and central banks around the world have aggressively ballooned their balance sheets. This has helped heal some private balance sheets but job creation has remained very anemic, income inequality has increased, and growth has been too weak to allow for the de-levering of the public sector (including fiscal deficits and central balance sheets which now vary in size from from 20 percent of GDP in the U.S. to 30 percent in Europe).

In the U.S., Friday's disappointing GDP print for the fourth quarter was a reminder of the challenge, especially in view of a less-than-reassuring composition. Consumer growth was limited to just 2 percent notwithstanding yet another decline in the savings rate to 3.7 percent, a level last seen at the end of 2007. Export growth also decelerated. Indeed, were it not for a surge in inventory, the economy would have probably succumbed to the drag from government components.

The extent of the growth challenge in Europe was highlighted by Friday's higher than expected increase in Spanish unemployment (to an agonizing 22.9 percent). Meanwhile several of the region's governments, ECB, IMF and private creditors continued to squabble about how to allocate the inevitable losses on Greek debt. In Portugal, another highly vulnerable economy, market measures of default risk reached record highs this week.

The longer such solvency and growth indicators continue to flash red in Europe, the more likely that capital will continue to flee; and the harder it will be to overcome the region's debt crisis.

With the U.S. still too weak to act as the global growth locomotive and Europe being more of a caboose, attention naturally shifts to the emerging economies. Are they robust enough to tip the global balance in favor of high growth?

The IMF was less than fully re-assuring on this a few days ago. Yes, several emerging economies still benefit from strong balance sheets and productivity gains. Unfortunately, they too are slowing and, in the process, will act as less of a global locomotive.

Today's markets are not pricing in fully the growth and solvency disappointments, and for good reason. Central banks continue to pump a massive amount of liquidity into the system. And, this week, they again left little doubt about their commitment to this course of action notwithstanding it's failure to deliver the desired economic outcomes.

In Wednesday's statement, the American Federal Reserve extended by another 18 months the expected period for exceptionally low interest rates (through at least the end of 2014). Chairman Bernanke went further in his press conference, confirming that the Fed stands ready to consider additional quantitative easing should economic data remain weak.

Across the Atlantic, Meryvn King, the governor of the Bank of England, also signaled his willingness to do more. Meanwhile the ECB did nothing to counter market expectations that it's second three-year LTRO operation next month will be sizeable, especially given the lowering of collateral requirements.

Wherever you look, markets are balancing liquidity versus solvency and growth. The hope is that ample central bank liquidity will serve as a bridge to help the west overcome too much debt and too little growth; the risk is that the liquidity will prove a bridge to nowhere.

Dr. Mohamed El-Erian is CEO and co-CIO of PIMCO, the bond investment house.

Cross-posted from CNBC.com.

 
The health of the global economy, and that of markets, depends on the success of a series of medium-term hand-offs between the public and private sectors -- in growth, balance sheets and credit flows.
The health of the global economy, and that of markets, depends on the success of a series of medium-term hand-offs between the public and private sectors -- in growth, balance sheets and credit flows.
 
 
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Ppossom
His life is full
09:30 PM on 01/29/2012
Monetary policy is no substitute for fiscal policy, and damned few economists are willing to even talk about the fiscal policies needed to overcome production and debt problems.

El Errian, for example, doesn't come to the point until the last coordinate clause, and then ends, evading all responsibility for exposition of fiscal policy solutions for problems with no monetarist solution.

Meanwhile, the official line of the GOP has made Friedrich Hayek into a Mary Baker Eddy preaching "natural healing" for man-made economic collapse.

Economics would not be a "dismal science," if the lack of character among economists were not abysmal.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
PotomacOracle
The Solution:debt free credit clearing systems
08:50 PM on 01/30/2012
You're absolutely right. Moreover, the author sidesteps the issue of sovereign currency not being constrained by revenue to spend. No matter how fast central bank balance sheets grow those funds will flow to private financial not public reserve accounts. The fundamental shift in leveraging for productive economic growth can only come from expanded fiscal deficits designed to mitigate unemployment.

Very few economists support the ineluctable conclusions drawn by MMTers on how our money is really managed since abandoning the gold standard 41 years ago. As long as our erstwhile leaders have no clue and are guided by economists living in the world of gold standard rubrics we are doomed to repeat otherwise easily avoidable policy choices.

F & F
09:28 PM on 01/29/2012
There is no global economy, just short term unfair opportunity for selfish few to recognize the world as their personal oyster under the guise of one until nation's recognize, that's now, that the word global when applied to economy fails to compensate more than short term for the economic damage created by large prolonged trade imbalance.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
OleProfessor
"Ours is not a system based upon trust"
09:08 PM on 01/29/2012
Yeah give me $17.2 Trillion dollars and I'll show what I could do with it..!

Some balance The Fed creates money out of thin air and we pay the banks interest on our own money and if they do lend it to us it's at usurious predatory rates..!

I'd have Nationalized these Major Corrupt Banks and Reformed them Top to Bottom before re-privatizing them...

We blew it, Obama blew it, and now we still have to vote for him to fend off the insane Republican threat to our nation..!
oilfield
large employer per obamacare
02:31 PM on 01/30/2012
so the guy is a failure, and you think the gop is the enemy.
08:18 PM on 01/29/2012
The problem, my friends, is that the health of the economy and the health of people, communities and the environment upon which we all depend for nourishment, are not necessarily supported by the health of the 'global economy' in the form of which this author speaks. What's good for markets is not good for everything else, no matter how many economists and businesspeople tell you otherwise. Don't take advice from someone who has skin in the game.
07:44 PM on 01/29/2012
As the CEO of an investment house you are necessarily focused on markets, leverage, etc.

Ordinary people however have little interest and even less knowledge about such esoteric matters.

Ordinary people--those consumers whose spending you rely on to keep the wheels of the markets turning are the problem. Not only do they have less money to spend, but the necessary items like fuel and food are rising in price far faster than the official inflation rate.

Some in your general station (but not necessarily you) have forgotten that much of the blame for the current crisis that has mostly affected those "beneath" is theirs. They have also forgotten that much of the reason for their station is the spending on those "beneath" them. Most importantly they have forgotten that government cannot keep them afloat for long either by monetary policy that directly supports them or by government spending closer to the bottom that trickles up.

Supposedly we have built a "new economy" in the United States and a global economy both of which encouraged great speculation as to continued growth. Now that this new world economy has hit its first major obstacle, methods from the "old" economy are being used to clear the way.

My belief is that both the "new economy" and global economies are failures as the only things shared globally are greed and exploitation of the weak.

We face a very prolonged period where much "innovation" of the last 30-odd years must be eliminated.
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08:49 PM on 01/29/2012
F&F! Until we the ordinary people learn to say "horse pucky" to all the economic theorists wanting us to believe we are not smart enough to understand that the wheels have fallen off this economic model we can expect more of the same financial inequality. Until labor input is acknowledged as an "investment" again nothing will improve for the majority of us.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
PotomacOracle
The Solution:debt free credit clearing systems
08:55 PM on 01/30/2012
Well put F & F
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
William1950
everything I say could be wrong.
06:21 PM on 01/29/2012
another insightful article that has no mention of technology driven unemployment.. we continue to try methods devised by economists to bring back the glory days. Economists are not equipped to look at societal pressures that are not driven by traditional models. Technology has reached what is called critical mass as far as employment and is now a major contributor to unemployment... it is what we envisioned decades ago... you notice that none of the economic pundits give this much thought.. because they don't know how.
Humans will have a moral imperative to find and utilize methods such as a basic income model to insure all people on the planet can benefit from being members of the human race..
Nothing that is being proposed.. austerity nor spending will bring back jobs... and the economy will suffer - or to put it more succinctly, humans on the lower end of the earnings curve will suffer more... until we institute a Basic Income model worldwide.. or end our worship of a false exchange medium.. traditional work for a living values will never again fuel society.
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PotomacOracle
The Solution:debt free credit clearing systems
09:06 PM on 01/30/2012
Nor do we have leaders with sufficient common sense to simply understand that when 25-30 million Americans are unemployed and not buying stuff the singular priority of the government in the absence of a private financial sector wiilling to invest, is to commit to a full employment strategy which will include massive deficit spending and tax cuts. The latter directly fuels consumption, the former lays the ground work for sustained national renewal of infrastructure, housing, health care provision and education reform.

F & F
Yasmine
the DEFENDER in CHIEF
02:33 PM on 01/29/2012
Mr El- Erian

I am tired of the continual PUNISHMENT of savers by the reduction of INTEREST rates !

i pine for the Years of JIMMY CARTER with interest rates REWARDING savers up to 14 -17 %

all to help businesses borrow CHEAP and then become Bankrupt and not doing anything for the people anyway...... A BOOM for BORROWERs and a MALAISE for GOOD SAVERS ???

HOW fair is that ??
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02:15 PM on 01/29/2012
It is not often that one gets to read a concise and frank piece of reporting on global finance issues impacting our economy. I thank the author for investing some of his talents to describe it for us.

The article also take me back to the beginning, the Bush/Cheyney era that ended with so much public trust terribly shattered. The present administration ended up being on the same path, and hearing yet new promises on the tail of 2012 election breaks one's heart.

What is bothersome is that, there are voices in the status quo that projects an attitude that the matter of regaining trust (by actually showing some accountability somewhere) from among the middle class and poor is not a high priority. I am not quite sure how to think forward if this awareness builds up in a society at large. It is amazing that human beings with so high level of creativity can go along with such a don't care attitute. Each one to his own?
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Over40
09:07 PM on 01/29/2012
Fanned & faved for such a forth-right comment.
12:48 PM on 01/29/2012
http://www.counterpunch.org/2012/01/27/banks-werent-meant-to-be-like-this/

"Banking has moved so far away from funding industrial growth and economic development that it now benefits primarily at the economy’s expense in a predator and extractive way, not by making productive loans. This is now the great problem confronting our time. Banks now lend mainly to other financial institutions, hedge funds, corporate raiders, insurance companies and real estate, and engage in their own speculation in foreign currency, interest-rate arbitrage, and computer-driven trading programs. Industrial firms bypass the banking system by financing new capital investment out of their own retained earnings, and meet their liquidity needs by issuing their own commercial paper directly. Yet to keep the bank casino winning, global bankers now want governments not only to bail them out but to enable them to renew their failed business plan – and to keep the present debts in place so that creditors will not have to take a loss..."

"History provides a wealth of examples illustrating the dangers of capitulating to bankers, and also for how to restructure banking along more productive lines..."
01:26 PM on 01/29/2012
Thank you ThePeaceMakers for a very insightful perspective. I'm a Economist, Lawyer, MBA and former VC and your above exposiiton is dead-on target. The additional capital injections are just enhancing the 1/10th of 1% pockets and that is it right now.
12:46 PM on 01/29/2012
Too funny. You can't justify the taxpayer funding the banks and private sector, no matter how 'capitalistic' you want it to sound.
12:34 PM on 01/29/2012
You make no sense. The central bank liquidity facilities buy junk assets from private parties at the highest price in the market. This continues the domination of finance profits and bonuses and prevents healing the economy from taking place. Yes, this props up markets artificially but it does no good. Let banks and hedge funds fail for making bad bets. Get to the bottom and people will start to invest in real things. Maybe then we will have some jobs. In any case, cost of living will fall.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
free reign
My country tis of thee!
02:17 PM on 01/29/2012
Make$ perfect $en$e to him. I am excited to see him recognize that equity, as pay is not available to fuel more "growth." The racketeers can just get the Fed to give them another $28 tril. to play the economy.
12:30 PM on 01/29/2012
This guys a pud. If they would of let the banks fail. The top 40 % would be in the same place as the bottom 60. It would of been the most justified equalizer in history.
12:13 PM on 01/29/2012
Central banks as governing bodies is a disaster. They have proven to be adept at redistributing weath upwards to the most elite and well connected cronies at the expense of local communities globally. The size and influence of the paper pushing financial sector is a reason for much of the market imbalance.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
zambiland
11:47 AM on 01/29/2012
Where ever you look, markets are sucking up cash from the general population of the world to give the rich. Sure, you have fancy analysis using jargon and terms of art that reference market transactions and forces that most people don't understand, but at the end of the day, it's all about institutionalizing greed so that people can suck money out of the system without adding any value. The capitalist system has a myth that it's about helping society at large accomplish things that are out of reach of the ordinary person and to help wealth create a better life for everyone. It can be used in that way, but it requires strict regulation if it we don't want it to get out of control. This article is a lot of blather and excuse for not taxing the people who are making out like bandits while the rest of us are going down. Someday everyone will learn that we're all in this together and when someone gets fabulously wealthy, there's someone else on whose back it happens.
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AvgJoeBlow
We are smarter than any of us.
12:09 PM on 01/29/2012
You are so correct.
Capitalism, Socialism and Communism all look good on paper.
The devil is in the details.
They all fail miserably when exploitation reaches the majority instead of a small minority.
-AJB
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jeffrey678
You don't happen to make it. You make it happen.
11:45 AM on 01/29/2012
The quote below is from the book Capitalism and Freedom written
by Milton and Rose Friedman. Dr. Friedman is the economist who
is quoted most often when they are praising free
markets and capitalism­. "But we cannot rely on custom or
conscious alone to interpret and enforce the rules; we need an
umpire.The­se then are the basic role of government in a free
society; to provide a means where we can modify rules, to
mediate difference­s among us on the meaning of rules, and to
enforce compliance with the rules on the part of those few who
otherwise would not play the game." For whatever reason, this
part of Dr. Friedman's philosophy is never mentioned when it
comes to making "free markets" work