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Mohamed A. El-Erian

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Greece Needs to Chart a Different Course

Posted: 06/24/2012 4:48 pm

Greece's political leaders still don't seem to get it, and neither do its official creditors. The longer this problem persists, the greater the challenge of turning around a country already beset by recession, insolvency, distressingly high unemployment and rising poverty.

Over the weekend, the country's new governing coalition led by Prime Minister Antonis Samaras signaled that it would request an extension of at least two years in the implementation of the austerity program agreed with the Troika (European Central Bank, European Union, and International Monetary Fund).

This is to be tabled in the coming days. The hope is to get European heads of government to sign off in the context of their upcoming Summit at the end of the week which will be focused yet again on steps to overcome the region's ever-deepening debt crisis.

The Greek government believes that it can diminish the detrimental impact on the population of austerity -- by stretching out the implementation of budgetary spending cuts, layoffs, wage and salary reductions, and tax increases; and, concurrently, by mobilizing additional external support from the Troika in the form of larger new loans and better terms on prior loans (principally lower contractual interest rates).

To work, this approach needs much more than the understanding and support of the Troika. Critically, it also requires that Greece take more convincing holistic steps to overcome the self-reinforcing problems of way too little growth, too much debt (including among the banks), and citizens' only lukewarm confidence in a political elite that has consistently let them down.

Greek citizens are right to expect greater reassurances that their sacrifices come with real prospects for a gradually brightening light at the end of what already seems like a very long tunnel. This will only happen if the country decisively overcomes the persistent implosion of its economy and, simultaneously, attracts new inflows of private capital for investment in production engines, competitive enhancers and job creators.

Neither of these conditions stands much chance of being met any time soon.

To perceive a real glimmer of hope, citizens need a fresh bold approach that goes beyond promising more of the same, just for longer. For their part, new private investors look for better indications that Greece is finally able to pivot from a disappointing economic past to a better future, including by removing through another debt rescheduling an overhang that persists despite what was already the largest restructuring in history of sovereign liabilities.

Without proper buy-in from both citizens and foreign private investors, it is only a matter of time until the Greek government again stretches to the limit the tolerance of the Troika. In the meantime, official financing will not act as a catalyst for private inflows; nor will it find its way down to productive activities that are extremely credit starved.

Instead, it will be used essentially to meet debt service payments to the ECB, EU and IMF, as well as inadvertently facilitate the continued exit of the diminishing amount of domestic and foreign private capital that is still in Greece.

All this suggests that the new government's desire to persist with the same policy approach, but with a somewhat more relaxed timetable, offers little hope of rupturing the vicious feedback loops that translate into endless economic contraction, alarmingly high joblessness, rising poverty, and persistent insolvency.

What Greece needs is a comprehensive change in its economic operating model.

As several other countries have discovered (as well as companies and individuals), this is an inherently tricky conversion that involves multiple risks and upfront costs. No wonder it tends to be avoided for as long as possible even though it is likely to have greater expected net benefits over time.

Eventually, countries in Greece's situation end up being forced to change their operating model by citizens' mounting economic, financial, political and social rejection. By this time, the collateral damage and unintended consequences of transition and pivot are even greater.

The incoming Greek government would be well advised to consider this before just implementing more of the same for its population, even if it is stretched out somewhat. And its European partners need the vision to support a more holistic medium-term approach to the country's devastating problems.

Dr. Mohamed El-Erian is CEO and Co-CIO of PIMCO, the global investment manager.

This post first appeared on CNBC.com.

 
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
mountainweb
Conservative Commonsense
10:50 AM on 07/05/2012
" request an extension of at least two years in the implementation of the austerity program agreed with the Troika" the translation is we need another two years of digging ourselves further into debt before we address the insanity of spending more than we are taking in. Pure insanity, easier to get out of a 6 foot hole than a 12 foot hole, so yes, don't seem to get it.
09:57 PM on 06/25/2012
The definition of a “fool” is somebody who does the same thing over and over again and expecting a different result. In this case it applies to all the “economic experts” as well as to the majority of the Greek population who voted for the “bailout” and “austerity packs”. By now we should be convinced that both hamper the economy, and more so leading to severe recession and poverty, i.e. the law of the jungle. For your information Google “The World Monetary Order to Come.”
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Christopher Hull
Democratic Socialist
06:49 PM on 06/25/2012
"Instead, it will be used essentially to meet debt service payments to the ECB, EU and IMF, as well as inadvertently facilitate the continued exit of the diminishing amount of domestic and foreign private capital that is still in Greece."
They are being loaned money, at high rates, to pay off old money loaned at high rates. I would disagree that this is "inadvertant" on everyone's part as this story has replayed itself so many times worldwide that SOMEONE must be making money off of this.
The Argentinian or Icelandic solution is the end game. Withdraw from the euro, reregulate your economy, fix your tax mess, place tariffs on foreign made goods, Greece is a great tourist destination build up from there. Reduce military spending. Reclaim some land property from the church BEFORE you sell off national assets for pennies on the dollar to the Germans, French and Chinese.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Drg40
Representative Democracy is all we have.
03:27 AM on 06/26/2012
I fear you forget that when you are placing tariffs on foreign made goods you achieve a great many things, firstly the opportunity to increase prices, camouflaged by the tarriff, secondly you deny the import of essential items and above all you allow indigenous industries to flourish u der the shade of a tarriff at completely artificial profit margins, demanding that govt. maintain the tarriff because they cannot compete on a world stage. Franco was good at economic regulation, he regulated the Spanish economy into the madhouse. What does leaving the Euro do, besides disguise the problem? I love the thought that all these stupid Greeks are going to see the drachma return, a massive devaluation and will have done nothing to ameliorate their individual losses. Oh my, yes. Of course, we do know that money is already flooding out of Greece in order to prepare for such an eventuality, don't we? Reduce military spending? And where is most of hat money spent, pray. Which nation is it that sees Greece in terms of being a 'bastion against commnism' and demands they arm to the hilt?

In short, don't you feel your 'soutions' are somewhat simplistic? I suspect Mrs Merkel is a great deal brighter than you suppose, and has moved on rather from that sort of 'Sun' nonsenses.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Christopher Hull
Democratic Socialist
02:42 PM on 06/26/2012
Of course my suggestions are simplistic. This is HP after all and there is a word limit. But to clarify: YOU ARE WRONG ABOUT TARIFFS. We now need tariffs to protect the "free labor" economies from the "slave labor" economies. EVERY Western economy is going to collapse if we all continue to allow our goods to be made by slaves. I travel a lot, worldwide, every year, and it doesn't matter what country I'm (with the exception of Brazil but even that is changing) I can go into any mall or dept store (Ka Da We, Galaries Lafayette) and the majority of the goods there are made in China or worse.IF we wanted to have free trade between free people I would be all for that. But there is NO free trade when the workers are not free. You seem smart enough to know this so I am confused as to what point you are trying to make.  
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Christopher Hull
Democratic Socialist
02:46 PM on 06/26/2012
Part 2:I don't suspect Mrs Merkel is brighter than I suppose. I suspect she has been sold the same "austerity" "free market" bill of goods that ALL world leaders buy into for the main reason that it is so PROFITABLE for them once they leave office. Look at the fortunes made by Clinton, Blair, Greenspan, etc once they were finished being "public servants." So yes I am saying it very clearly. She is corrupt(ed) as they all are. Plus she thinks she is protected somewhow by Germanys strong position right now. I believe in the next three to five years she will come to see she was wrong.
03:58 PM on 06/25/2012
What sacrifices? Newspapers reports say that noone was layed off (well, 155 ppl) moved gov employees from one district's sheets to another. When the NYT reports that some of these jobs are...not, that they just clock in and go on. When NO priests have been removed off the payroll. And the Church owns half of Greece's land and has made no cutbacks. Greek ppl are paying taxes LESS often. So they're challenges are less the result of 'sacrifice', and more of productivity & ethics. They stopped caring for the land-Greece itself, when they stopped growing food. They stopped working.

Asia is outcompeting Southern Europe. Modeling a more stable financisl system, efficient systems, transparent gov, & green energy is the best help Northern Europe can give.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Drew Puli Wolf
dog trots freely in the street and sees reality
03:06 PM on 06/25/2012
Just a question for Dr. Mohamed El-Erian. You mention Greece needs a new economic model, but never give a hint at what it should look like, and how they can get there from here. I really was hoping you would have some new ideas, but I was was greatly disapointed by your post.
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02:44 PM on 06/25/2012
Bravo, Moh! Simple message.Even though some of us have different ideas, we need to honor the rules & message of the bottom line. These have evolved over many centuries. To pretend that they can be changed by passing a new law is very self-deceptive. I just remember when California voters tried to tell insurance companies they needed to lower prices for auto insurance. Companies stopped writing new policies.

Similarly, Greece needs to recognize some obligation to its creditors, even if it can never pay off everything. Otherwise, it will be a long time before anyone outside Greece wants to sell those inside Greece anything on credit.

The USA got a similar message from China's financial head during Obama's first visit there. He had to sit through a lecture in Economics 101 on preserving the purchasing power of the money they were investing in US Treasury Notes.

Unfortunately, the leaders who will make the decisions in Greece are more concerned with the immediate problems of winning enough votes to govern. And the people running up the debt are different from those political leaders, and they act by different rules. Si, I think that Greece needs to stumble around more, before it's ready to apply the old rules.

Is this so different from Repubs still applying another tax cut for the wealthy to American woes? Or dismantling the safety net? or Obama starting another war a long ways from home? Most people on the planet lead a life of illusion.
02:40 PM on 06/25/2012
Globalization seems much more of a problem than a solution. No one will toil their life away because the elite need jets and
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jdoeremi
The gentlest gamester is the soonest winner
04:09 PM on 06/25/2012
Ever notice that nobody is owning up to coining that word. Victory has a thousand fathers but defeat is an orphan - JFK
02:04 PM on 06/25/2012
Greece is not the only country to fall into the trap of its own hubris. Following WWII the pent up demands driven by reconstruction of Europe and the related baby boom - as also in the USA - led to over extending sovereign debt predicated upon continual growth that cannot be sustained as the baby boomers enter retirement and shift from consumption demand to entitlements...the only variation among all the WWII countries is how deep the emerging impact will be.on the next generation expected to pay all their bills. Moreover, softening of demand is reducing employment and deflating the value of labor so there is downward pressure on GDP....no govt response is available to offset this dilemma so connecting the dots leads up to social unrest and political revolutions...all in God's will of course as there can be no other....ergo Theofatalism...google it for details...
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12:37 PM on 06/25/2012
This proves Nations need to Institute and Retain their own monetary system... outside of global banking control!
01:06 PM on 06/25/2012
So they can print money when ever they need it? How about spend only what you take in, preferably a little less.
12:33 PM on 06/25/2012
Greece must deal with the problems, with global cooperation, with some out of the box solutions

To begin with, squeezing the ones who are least capable to pay is not austerity, it is suicide

At the same time, the shipping companies and well heels are living a tax free life. That is doubly nuts. They make the GOP in the US look like a bunch of socialists! Even the bastion of capitalism in the Far East, Hong Kong SAR, has consumer taxes. The only ace in the hole is that these welfare wealthy have threatened to go elsewhere. And indeed they could

Greece must finance itself the right way. Those who can pay and should pay must pay. Greece is the first of the domino and the world has obligations to help to giving no refuge to the welfare wealthy. No more race to the bottom. If the US can go after tax cheats hiding in some offshore accounts, why can't Greece? With the help of the world communities? Its civil servants must increase their productivity to help recoup some of these lost revenues. No more early retirement. The country needs you
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hg wells
12:08 PM on 06/25/2012
Greece is the teenager of Europe that took the parents credit card and ran it up. They ain't gonna be able to pay it back, and the parents are gonna have to eat it and learn to keep the credit card safe.
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jdoeremi
The gentlest gamester is the soonest winner
04:15 PM on 06/25/2012
You words sound awfully like Taibbi's rolling stone piece I read a few moons ago. I could be wrong.
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hg wells
09:20 AM on 06/26/2012
is that a good thing? I never read the article
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
hg wells
12:02 PM on 06/25/2012
When an individual or a country get in way way way over their heads in debt, the creditors will have to take a big hit. No way around it.
11:46 AM on 06/25/2012
There's a saying....

"If I owe you a thousand dollars, I've got a problem. If I owe you a million dollars, you've got a problem."

The concept is that if I owe you an amount that I'm able to pay, then I simply have to save up the money, tighten my belt, and pay my bills. It's my problem. However if I owe you an amount of money that far exceeds my ability to pay then it becomes your problem. You'll end up having to take the hit, because there is simply no way I'm going to be able to pay you back.

Greece and Europe ( and by extension Europe's banks ) are in the latter position. Greece will never be able to pay its debt. It's economy is too weak and the only way it will grow again is if it was no longer in debt. All these bailout loans are doing are digging the hole even deeper. As much as we might want to lecture Greece on "paying its bills" it's simply not going to happen. Greece can't pay its bills. And it's Europe's problem.
02:49 PM on 06/25/2012
Maybe. The flipside is when you have no choice but to save up money, tighten your belt, and put everything towards those bills for the rest of your life. It seems unlikely that a creditor (or the EU in this case) would be satisfied with "well you're never going to get all of it back, so don't bother collecting any."
03:37 PM on 06/25/2012
Short of invading and occupying Greece with EU troops there isn't much the EU will be able to do about it should Greece reach the point where it just isn't willing or able to pay anymore.
10:50 AM on 06/25/2012
I respect Dr. El-Erian, and I don't really blame him for overlooking a fundamental problem (and possible opportunity): conventional economies absolutely depend on real growth rates of at least 2% per year to be viable. This has been possible for the last 500 years or so in the West, as new continents etc. could be exploited.

But no longer. Maintaining an annual growth rate of 2-3%, adjusted for inflation, is mathematically very very demanding as time goes on. The real world just won't support it. So the alternative is financialization, where one can eak out a few more decades of nominal growth in GDP via the financial engineering and paper swaps we have to know and love in the English-speaking world. But even that runs its course.

Sooner or later, and preferably more by plan than by default, the economies of the developed world will have to quit their 500 year old addiction to quantitative growth. And make the transition to new economic metrics that focus on qualitative growth.

Till then, we'll just see one regime after another in Greece and every other country try to use finite resources to measure up to a target number that increases remorselessly into infinity. The math will keep saying "you came up short" and convulsions and collapses will continue, until the lesson has been learned.