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Mohamed el-Erian

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Why Washington Urgently Needs to Break America's Negative Feedback Loop

Posted: 08/21/11 01:08 PM ET

It has been a rough four weeks for America. Grim economic news, paralyzing political infighting, and the shocking loss of the sacred AAA sovereign credit rating. To make things worse, Americans' equity-heavy 401k's have suffered from a volatile 16 percent decline in the broad-based S&P stock market index.

It is tempting to dismiss all this economic, political and market volatility as just the usual -- volatility that constitutes irritating "noise" rather than insightful "signals". After all, economic data always fluctuate, politicians always posture, and markets overshoot both on the way up and on the way down. But, be very careful before you are opt for this seemingly comforting interpretation.

There is a lot in play today that, critically, requires a bold response out of Washington. Indeed, the last four weeks have rendered mission critical President Obama's economic speech scheduled for September 5th. If the speech disappoints and if Congress continues to squabble, both the economy and the market will become even more hostage to a harmful feedback loop involving the trio of deteriorating fundamentals, insufficient policy responses, and disruptive technicals.

This is not just an American phenomenon. Europe is in a much worse situation. And, if policymakers on both side of the Atlantic don't get their act together quickly, they will run out of tools that have a chance of being effective circuit breakers. In such circumstances, things could get a lot worse before they get better.

So, how does the negative feedback loop work? You can illustrate starting with any one of its three components (fundamentals, policies, and technical). Let us begin here with economic/debt fundamentals.

Recent data releases, including Friday's horrible fall in a regional indicator of manufacturing production, confirm that the American economy is rapidly losing growth momentum -- and, already, there wasn't much momentum to speak of.

Analysts are again rushing to sharply revise down their growth and job projections for the year as whole. Many are now converging to the notion of "stall speed" (1-2 percent annual growth), with a highly concerning increase in the probability that the US could tip into recession.

The problem with a sharp growth slowdown is threefold. First, initial conditions are very worrisome, including a very high and too persistent level of un- and under-employment. Second, other parts of the world are also slowing and, therefore, there are few engines of growth. Third, the over-indebted segments of this global economy desperately need high growth in order to safely de-lever otherwise they can tip into highly disruptive debt traps.

Normally, Washington would be responding forcefully to put the economy back on track. Also, given the synchronized nature of today's global slowdown, this bold national policy response would be supplemented by effective international policy coordination. Sadly, neither is happening today.

When it comes to economic policy substance, our elected representatives and their appointees have, until now, essentially been MIA. They have shown little understanding of the seriousness and urgency of the economic challenges. Endless political bickering has sapped their energy and focus. And, to make things worse, they are now positioning for next year's elections rather than today's realities.

This national policy disarray limits the scope for a global coordination process already undermined by disagreements on what ails the world economy (and, therefore, who is to blame and what should be done). Also, there is no effective conductor to credibly herd countries into cooperating.

America's standing on the global stage is weakened by domestic economic and political issues, including the debt ceiling debacle and loss of the AAA sovereign rating. Traditional alternatives, such as the G-7 or the IMF, lack legitimacy as they are still dominated by western interests. And the G-20 is yet to sufficiently establish itself.

These factors are behind the recent sharp stock market sell-off, leading to the third element of the feedback loop: undermining the sound functioning of a market economy.

In such environments, market liquidity becomes more elusive, counterparty risk concerns mount, and certain investors turn into distressed sellers. As illustrated in the 2008 global financial market meltdown, these issues can become disruptive in themselves, fueling a chaotic economic and technical de-leveraging process.

Fortunately, the recent volatility also reflects a notable area of strength -- multinational companies with pristine balance sheets and a string of impressive business results -- that could be a critical part of the recovery if other elements line up.

Until now, however, this healthy part of the global economy has been held back by economic and market uncertainties. Companies refrain from deploying their profits and cash hoards to new investments and additional hires. Witnessing this, it is understandable that households, already rattled by high unemployment and the policy debacle in Washington, are becoming more cautious about spending.

In policy circles, there is one group that recognize the need to break this terrible loop of weak economic/debt fundamentals, lagging policy response, and fragile market technicals. Indeed, in the last two weeks, central banks have made two dramatic (and controversial) attempts to act as circuit breakers.

The first came in the form of an unprecedented Sunday evening announcement by the European Central Bank that it will expand the purchasing of debt issued by member governments. The second was last week's previously unthinkable Fed statement suggesting that policy interest rates would be floored at zero percent for two years.

Unfortunately, these actions secured only a few days of market relief -- so much so that people are now looking to Chairman's Bernanke's Jackson Hole speech on Friday wondering whether the Fed has any effective tools left.

But central bank policies are a means to an end, and not an end in themselves. They can only provide a bridge -- and it is often a costly one -- to better policymaking on the part of other parts of government. That is why President Obama's September 5th speech is so critical.

It is encouraging that the media has been picking up signals from the White House that the President intends to take economic policymaking to a higher level. Last week's blog posting was my attempt to identify the content, process and areas that I believe are absolutely critical for restoring economic leadership at both the national and global levels.

America has little time to waste if it wishes to avoid years of insufficient economic growth, devastating unemployment, rising income and wealth inequality, and eroding social cohesion. Let us hope that a refreshed President Obama will return to Washington willing to respond and lead; and let us hope that, for their part, members of Congress will return in a much more constructive mood, able to work with the President to break an increasingly damaging negative feedback loop.

 
 
 
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Recovering CPA
07:39 PM on 08/22/2011
Eliza Doolittle sang, "Words! Words! Words! I'm so sick of words! I get words all day through; first from him, now from you!" Mohamed, if you've got some specific ides, let's hear them. Enough with the obvious, already.
05:48 PM on 08/22/2011
The real problem is that over the past half century the wages and salaries of working middle class people have been in a steady decline with respect to the growth of the Nation's economy. We see that result in the vast inequality of income and wealth now in the country. To those interested in statistics, just look at the Minimum Wage. In 1956 it was 80% of the per capita gross domestic product. Today it is a mere 30% of per capita GDP ! American workers just don't earn enough of the annual increase in wealth to buy all the products and services we can produce. We purchase China made clothes and tools and appliances because most don't earn enough to buy goods made by well paid fellow Americans. If the Minimum Wage today were at the same ratio of gross domestic products that in was in 1956, it would be $40,000.00 a year instead of $15,000.00 !!!
So today's economy is sustained by massive middle class personal debt and equally massive government spending in the form of entitlements. Any slowdown in consumer borrowing or cuts in government spending and our economy will collapse in an order of magnitude of 1929.
05:12 PM on 08/22/2011
Screw campaign finance reform. Term limits is part of the answer!
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
camary
09:05 AM on 08/23/2011
So true!
04:24 PM on 08/22/2011
It's time to tax the super rich and the super rich company with taxes that they being getting away with for years, and if they don't like it they can leave the country and go somewhere else.
I'm tired that I the middle class worker is making this country run.
I'm not saying they don't pay taxes just not even close to the ratio that I do.
As far as businesses that don't pay their fair share take from them what they haven't paid for years i.e offshore corporation.
04:00 PM on 08/22/2011
The American Economy-use the void in order to think the full.
03:08 PM on 08/22/2011
Americans have decided to adopt aggressive politics instead od constructive politics. Partly fueled by the emergence of candidates who do not fit the old white male mould ( sorry, mold) wealthy corporate interests have heavily invested in media which seeks to delegitimize those who want to feed the poor, educate the kids and breathe clean air everywhere. Stigmatizing them as liberals (to the right, a word synonymous with the old term leper) the likes of the Koch family have persuaded poor and uneducated Americans that the regulations on their poisonous industries would cost the poor Americans in higher prices and taxes.
Nothing could be further from the truth as Americans are paying hugely and on a daily running charge for the destruction of our health and well being which corporate ruthlessness imposes.
Obama can make all the speeches he likes but unless he develops a spine and forgets about re-election, he has nothing to say that will help the majority of struggling Americans.
02:35 PM on 08/22/2011
When pigs fly.
01:53 PM on 08/22/2011
In my opinion the current situation is due to the basic assumptions that have been the foundation for American thought for the last 200 years are no longer valid in the multi-ethnic, multi-religious, multi-economic, digitized and globalized 21st century.

The first hint that something was different was Edward R. Murrow saying "Anyone who isn't confused doesn't really understand the situation." During Vietnam this morphed into sayings like "Anybody who thinks there's a solution to the problem, doesn't understand the situation."

To my way of thinking "understanding the situation" means getting down to the basic assumptions which sometimes means going down through various layers -- assumptions upon assumptions -- a process I call "boiling down."
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
djgonebad
09:30 AM on 08/23/2011
...,"boiling-down",...

...,do the American people really want to see what's at the bottom of the "stew" where being fed?...,it becomes more than- "follow the money",.., it might shake the foundation of everyone, too the "right-of-center's", actual beleifs on what is truely the "American Way",...
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Patrick Fogarty
12:59 PM on 08/22/2011
I understand where Mohamed A. EL-Erian is goming from , but not sure where he is going with his observations . I do agree that " lagging policy responce " is a negative feeder, but even more negative to me is the fact that we are focusing on the symptoms rather than what I see as the cause.
I do not agree that we have a spending problem but instaed an "Earning Problem " We have not only killed the " Goose that laid the golden egg " but have dismantled and sold the carcass . We can not get back what we have given away but we can and must start anew by investing in new products , new processes in traditional and non-traditional areas .
12:49 PM on 08/22/2011
Everyone seems to be saying one thing (and I know the above is about a lot more than this one thing but the entire article turns on it, nonetheless)--- Obama needs to step up and exhibit forceful leadership on the economy. He needs to pull out all the stops and do what needs to be done. If the other side of the aisle does not cooperate (and there is no reason to think they will, as their sole goal is preventing Obama from running again, and they seem not to understand the debt ceiling or really very much of anything outside prayer) then Obama needs to do whatever it takes, to use whatever measures and mechanisms available to him, to push through real economic reform. And please, let him use his tremendous rhetorical skills to name names --- to say, flat out, that candidates like Rick Perry incarnate a dangerous stupidity because he (and many like him) do not even understand the role of the Federal Reserve. C'mon Obama, put the other side on the defensive. And don't be so damned polite-- name names, call dumb dumb and energize your base. We will all do what it takes to get you reelected--- so listen, as you have started to do, to what your base is saying.
04:04 PM on 08/22/2011
He cannot do that.He will not lower himself to a "street fighting mentality".
01:34 AM on 09/03/2011
then he will lose a large portion of people he could easily keep on his side---- while I see a lot of his gestures as mature and gracious, most Americans see them as weak and cowardly. And there is a lot of room between being forceful and putting someone on the defensive--- just calling them out--- and street fighting.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
TexasBahr
act as you would like to be treated
12:23 PM on 08/22/2011
The Republican congress, especially Mitch McConnell has fought President Obama on every initiative he presents and they have admitted, publicly that they will do ANYTHING in their power to prevent his reelection. It takes 2 to tango & the repubs refuse to dance at all. How does the pres. deal with a truculent, obstructionist political party who refuses to be a part of the solution?
Somebody else made this suggestion so I take no credit for the idea but I liked what I heard. Take all the construction projects each state wanted done but has not started because of funding and put them in one super, federally funded plan/project and present that to congress. If congress follows what they have been doing they will reject the plan. Now the president should use his bully pulpit and read state by state what their current unemployment figures currently are, who their representatives in congress and the senate are, state whether they voted for his plan or not and if not, ask that states unemployed population to call those representatives tomorrow and ask them why they are preventing them from going back to work by voting no to the presidents plan.
The president needs to get personal.
That is how the president should deal with obstructionists.
The president should clearly state that if they do not agree with their representation then start recall procedures immediately.
Do you want to bet how quickly things would change if he did as I stated?
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advocatusdiaboli
Social lib, Fiscal con, Life Member NRA, Veteran
11:59 AM on 08/22/2011
"When it comes to economic policy substance, our elected representatives and their appointees have, until now, essentially been MIA. They have shown little understanding of the seriousness and urgency of the economic challenges. Endless political bickering has sapped their energy and focus. And, to make things worse, they are now positioning for next year's elections rather than today's realities."

And on the GOP side, who is the only not MIA? Huntsman. I hope he gets a chance so I don't have to vote for Obama again because the GOP candidates were wretched.
02:42 PM on 08/22/2011
I'd agree that Obama is not a street fighter. You need to have that positive vision but be willing to fight tooth and nail to make it happen. Its not an Harvard Debate Team assignment.

I don't know a lot about Huntsman, I might likely disagree with him on social issues such as SSM. But he looks like someone with some common sense and that can evolve with our society. Just maybe, once the established GOP gets tired of the rantings of Bachmann and Perry and realizes neither can win a general election they will give a look at Hunstman.
marcdostl
Diogenesian & Classical Liberal
11:56 AM on 08/22/2011
Then, the obvious question to You Sir, is:
Why did you vote Obama, Pelosi, Reid, and their minions?...The Source of your complaints.
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Dibbles
Et cum spiri tu tuo
11:50 AM on 08/22/2011
Mohamed:

Right on. Right on. Right on. I especially like your nuanced reference to issues of "social cohesion". That's much more palatable among the reasoned middle ground of this great debate about America's future. In my less patient moments, I just go right to the center of the "cause celebre" of this social cohesion unraveling, the extreme right wing of the Republican party who've taken an oath that makes them "SS" material in another time.

I'd have rather had them just taking the "crazy pill" antidote instead of that oath. Oh, and maybe they should check into a prescription while they're reviewing their necessary medications and find one that fixes their "alzheimer's affect" that has completely wiped out of their collective memories the eight years of "Ya, Mein Fuehrer" at the altar of George Bush. And maybe a primer on primary causes for civil unrest throughout the history of civilization. And finally, maybe a sensitivity awareness online course on the concept of "tolerance in a pluralistic" society. Oh, and finally, some basics on logic, hypocrisy, and racism.

Or, we could just elect better people who have an interest in preserving our union.

Signed: Nurse Ratched.

Signed:
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
lleichtman
Retired military, semi-retired physician living in
11:45 AM on 08/22/2011
One of the biggest problems I see is that American companies are much more interested in investing in jobs outside of the US more than in the US. In a recent report many of the biggest US companies had many more employees outside of the US than in. They want tax relief to bring money back to the US but not necessarily jobs. The Citizens United ruling has now given them more political power than ever and allows them to dictate what is going to happen by buying up as many candidates of all stripes as possible.