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Obery M. Hendricks, Jr., Ph.D.

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Mitt Romney and the Curse of Blackness

Posted: 01/12/2012 7:17 am

When it comes to others' choice of religions, I'm pretty much a live-and-let-live guy. In fact, I don't believe in religious litmus tests of any kind. Frankly, I think they are self-righteous and insulting. Yet I must admit that there is something about Mitt Romney's religion that I find deeply troubling, particularly in light of the possibility that he could become the next president of this nation. What concerns me is this: the Book of Mormon, the book that Mitt Romney and all Mormons embrace as divinely revealed scripture that is more sacred, more true, and more inerrant than any other holy book on earth, declares that black people are cursed. That's right. Cursed. And not only accursed, but lazy and aesthetically ugly to boot.

I'm not talking about ascribed racism such as we see in Christianity, in which racist meanings are attributed to certain verses of the Bible that actually contain no such meanings, as with the Gen. 9:25 cursing of Canaan (not Ham!) which, though used as "proof" of black wickedness and inferiority, in actuality has nothing to do with race.

And no, I'm not talking about a single ambiguous, cherry-picked verse, either. I'd much rather that were the case. The sad truth is that the Book of Morman says it explicitly and in numerous passages: black people are cursed by God and our dark skin is the evidence of our accursedness. Here are a few examples:

And the Lord had caused the cursing to come upon them, yea, even a sore cursing, because of their iniquity. For behold, they had hardened their hearts against him, that they had become like unto a flint; wherefore, as they were white, and exceedingly fair and delightsome, that they might not be enticing unto my people the Lord God did cause a skin of blackness to come upon them (2 Nephi 5:21).

And I beheld, after they had dwindled in unbelief they became a dark and loathsome and a filthy people, full of idleness and all manner of abominations (1 Nephi 12:23).

"O my brethren, I fear that unless ye shall repent of your sins that their skins will be whiter than yours, when ye shall be brought with them before the throne of God. (Jacob 3:8).

And the skins of the Lamanites were dark, according to the mark which was set upon their fathers, which was a curse upon them because of their transgression and their rebellion against their brethren, who consisted of Nephi, Jacob, and Joseph, and Sam, who were just and holy men (Alma 3: 6).

It would have been infinitely more righteous if Mormons had relegated the sentiments of these verses to the scriptural sidelines of their faith, but the historical record tells us otherwise. Joseph Smith, Jr., the founder of Mormonism, repeatedly ordered his Church to uphold all slavery laws. Although Smith had a change of heart toward the end of his life, his successor, Brigham Young, did not. Young instituted social and ecclesiastical segregation as the Church's official policies, thus excluding people of black African descent from priesthood ordination and full participation in temple ceremonies, regardless of their actual skin color. Moreover, Brigham Young, whom Mormons revere almost equally with Smith, proved to the end of his life to be a brutal white supremacist who fervently supported the continued enslavement of African Americans; he was so convinced of black accursedness that he declared that if any Mormon had sex with a person of color, "the penalty, under the law of God, is death on the spot."

The Book of Mormon's teaching of the accursedness and, therefore, the inferiority of blacks -- if blacks are cursed, then by definition they are inferior to the divinely acceptable whites -- was reaffirmed by numerous Mormon leaders for a century and a half. As late as 1969, even after the Civil Rights Movement had dismantled de jure segregation throughout the land, David O. McKay, then president and "living prophet" of Mormonism, still publicly justified its segregationist policies by declaring that "the seeming discrimination by the Church toward the Negro... goes back into the beginning with God."

Now, some will argue that I should dismiss the codified racism of the Book of Mormon as the unfortunate folklore of a bygone era because of the 1978 revelation by Spencer W. Kimball, the Church's president and "living prophet" at that time, that after a century and a half black males were finally un-accursed enough to fully participate in Mormonism's priesthood and sacred temple ceremonies. However, even if we ignore the suspiciously coincidental timing of this "revelation" (it conveniently appeared when the Church's federal tax-exempt status was imperiled by its racial policies), an attentive reading reveals that Kimball's proclamation did not in any way address the question of whether or not the Church still considered the Book of Mormon's assertions of black inferiority to be divinely authorized. In fact, the specific contents of Kimball's revelation were never made public. Nor has the Church ever disavowed the Book's white supremacist passages or the past racist practices and pronouncements of its leaders.

What makes this all the more problematic for me is that at no time has Mitt Romney ever publicly indicated that he seriously questioned the divine inspiration of the Book of Mormon's teachings about race, much less that he has repudiated them. It is true that in a 2008 Meet the Press interview with the late Tim Russert, Romney did vigorously assert his belief in equal rights for all Americans in every facet of life. As part of that narrative, he cited his parents' "tireless" advocacy for blacks' civil rights, including the dramatic exit of his father, Michigan Governor George Romney, from the 1964 Republican convention as a protest against nominee Barry Goldwater's racial politics. He also shared that he wept when he learned of Spencer Kimball's aforementioned revelation. Yet from Romney's remarks it is not clear whether he wept for joy because Mormonism was eschewing its segregationist policies or if he wept from relief that the announcement promised to quiet the public outrage that those policies were causing. And significantly, while he recited his parents' efforts to confront racial injustice, Mitt Romney pointed to no such activities of his own.

But let me be clear: this is not a "gotcha" political ploy. In all honesty, I am neither saying nor implying in the slightest that Mitt Romney is a racist. I simply do not know that to be the case. Nor do I mean to overlook the racial progress that the Mormon Church has made in the last several decades. What I do mean to say is 1) that Americans of goodwill owe it to ourselves not to turn a blind eye to the possible implications of the white supremacist legacy of candidate Romney's religious tradition, no matter how noble our intentions; and 2) that Mitt Romney himself owes it to America to address the issue. Why? Because Romney was tutored into adulthood by a holy book that declares that all Americans like me are cursed by God. And he is not only a believer; he has served as a leader in his faith. This is indeed a crucial point for consideration because, as this nation has seen time and time again, the inevitable consequence of America's policy-makers considering people of color as inferior to whites is that blacks' social and material interests have also been considered inferior -- and quite often treated that way.

I admit that this question of religion and racism is quite complicated and I don't claim to have all the answers. But I do know that recognizing the equal rights of black Americans under the law, while of paramount importance, is not the same as recognizing our intellectual capabilities and moral character as inherently equal to whites. And I am aware of one thing more: that when Tim Russert invited Romney to repudiate his Church's racist legacy on Meet the Press, Romney refused.

That is why, Mr. Romney, as an American citizen whose president you seek to become, I must insist that you honestly and forthrightly attest to me and all Americans of goodwill that you actually can be my president, too, fully and completely. You can accomplish this by publicly disavowing the portions of your holy book that so sorely denigrate the humanity of me, my loved ones and all people of black African descent.

It is incumbent that you do this, candidate Romney, for the sake of all Americans.

 
 
 

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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
peacedude
06:25 AM on 02/09/2012
It is disappointing that this person has been misled by anti-Mormon propaganda. I hope he will check out Blacklds.
Anti Mormons don't tell anyone that most Mormons are probably dark skinned. And, if there WERE any racism in the Book it would be a dark skinned superiority over whites. White Europeans are called “gentiles” in the Book of Mormon and dark skinned Book of Mormon scribes imply that these white Europeans would need extra repentance, partially due to their lack of charity, and perhaps because of their mistreatment of Native Americans. The Lehites, writing the Book of Mormon, were all dark skinned, and viewed themselves as one race, and “brethren”. They couldn’t tell the difference between a Lamanite or Nephite except by language and perhaps dress. If anyone is a chosen people in the Book of Mormon it is the dark skinned Native Americans who are descended from Lehi, Joseph, and his Egyptian wife.
Book of Mormon people did use ancient symbolic language when describing religiosity, (one of many mountains of evidences that it is an ancient book.) For example, the dark skinned Indians who wrote the Rig-Veda (about 1100BC) described themselves in terms similar to those used by Book of Mormon people. (See wiki “White Skins:” Anciently…“Religious conversion was described figuratively as a change in skin color. Similarly, the Rigveda uses krsna tvac "black skin" as a metaphor for irreligiosity.” “Assignment of positive and negative connotations of white and black date to the classical period…”
09:12 PM on 01/30/2012
Blacks in the scriptures is also another great film that talk about Blackness and the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints. Both films are a must have to get an understanding of this topic and the theology behind it.
09:10 PM on 01/30/2012
All readers need to see the film. Nobody Knows: The Untold Story of Black Mormons. This would help you all get tour facts straight. Bottom line... God is no respector of persons. He loves all His children.
02:35 PM on 01/17/2012
The "blackness" alluded to in the Book of Mormon is not that of African Americans but rather that of the American indians. Still, the color of their skin, according to the book of Mormon, and against all scientific evidence, is said to have turned from white to black (brown) because of a curse from God, to distinguish the evil people (Lamanites) from the righteous people (Nephites). I am myself Peruvian indian and an ex-Mormon and know this well. I'd like Romney to deal with this if he is to have my vote... :)
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Abdul-Halim Vazquez
10:31 PM on 01/24/2012
Wasn't the ruling still applied to African-Americans?
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
MARTYB
61 years of age, happily divorced, father of three
08:44 AM on 01/17/2012
Growing up in California i had Mormon friends and classmates, don't remember any incidents that indicated they thought i was inferior, but finding out in my early teens that their religion actually taught that was rather troublesome to say the least.
03:19 AM on 01/17/2012
There are no Black people of African descent in the Book of Mormon. They're all Israelites. There is no codified lesser status for any race in the Book of Mormon.

Most of the quotes offered are about making a physical distinction between people following God's laws and people not following them. The same Light (good) vs. Dark (evil) continuum is found all over the Bible, Star Wars and other cultural works.The "skins are whiter" quote is condemning racist people who judge on skin color rather than character.

While there are plenty of speculative writings that support some of the claims made in this article, they represent individuals and not the groups beliefs. While the article is correct that Brigham Young closed many doors for African American participation, that's one of the few correct items to be found in this gross regurgitation of literature that doesn't reflect the reality of practicing Mormons.

If "Dr." Hendricks were interested in accurately representing the reflection of the general society in Mormonism's troubled racial history, an honest representation of what he's abusively quoting out of context would be a good place to start.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Abdul-Halim Vazquez
10:33 PM on 01/24/2012
So what is the missing context to the verses quoted?
06:42 PM on 01/16/2012
How about this passage from the Book of Mormon.

2 Nephi 26:33:

“For [the Lord] inviteth them all to come unto him and partake of his goodness; and he denieth none that come unto him, black and white, bond and free, male and female; and he remembereth the heathen; and all are alike unto God, both Jew and Gentile.”
05:31 PM on 01/16/2012
"You can accomplish this by publicly disavowing the portions of your holy book that so sorely denigrate the humanity of me, my loved ones and all people of black African descent." You think that's going to get me to believe him? This is Romney we are talking about, he will disavow the whole book to win an election, doesn't mean squat.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Eric Daniels
Black Nationalist and Afropunk Fan
01:32 PM on 01/16/2012
Hey, if Mormons want to believe that a Salamander is the second coming of Christ I say do what you will. I like being Satan to White America's Jesus, if you people think you're sitting at the right hand of God that's good for you but that "nice mythological story" won't end like in the...

1. Book Of Mormon
2. Church of the Creator
3. King James Version
4. Revelation

I'll be the beast your people never forget in this lifetime or the next, 666 Baby and Mitt Romney for President of the Disunited States of America. Oh, I thought Obama and his family wore the mark of the Beast according to Fox News and the Conservative Movement and it's various acolytes. Or Rev. Wright and Trinity according to "White America's favorite journalist" Sean Hannity .
09:23 PM on 01/15/2012
I am Mormon and I strongly disagree with this article. What the writer suggests as Mormon beliefs is completely untrue. And whether there are historical discrepancies in the church history is irrelevant to Mitt Romney's campaign. All that matters is what church members currently believe, and that Romney is a faithful Christian. If the writer had interviewed any faithful Mormons he would know that these are not our views on Blacks.
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Medicine13ear
Joy cometh in the morning.
09:31 PM on 01/15/2012
These may not be your current views on blacks, but what are your current views on gays? What is your current view on females in the priesthood?

Gays and females -- the new black.
03:54 AM on 01/16/2012
In the church males and females have different roles, but neither is more important or superior. Females do not receive the priesthood because it is not one of their responsibilities.

I believe that one of God's goals is for all of his spiritual children to be born on this earth for a very important purpose. This is why he instituted marriage between a man and a woman, so that they could procreate. I also believe that regardless of religion, families with both a mother and a father have a better chance of being successful. But this does not mean that single parent families or homosexual partners can't raise a very successful family. I just feel like every child deserves a chance at a traditional family.

When it comes to politics, I think that we should figure out how to make sure that gays get their rights. Even if their relationship doesn't fall into my definition of marriage, I think they should still get visiting rights in hospitals, etc.
06:09 PM on 01/24/2012
"these are not our views on Blacks" They sure as heck were the views of all the Mormons a few years ago!!!! Just go back in the archives of Deseret News of Salt Lake City and look up some of there news stories on black people.
09:14 PM on 01/24/2012
Saying that all Mormons were racist a few years ago is like saying that all Americans were racist a few years ago. Sure, many were, but today that is generally not the case. In fact, the Church actively takes a stand against racism.
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Medicine13ear
Joy cometh in the morning.
09:22 PM on 01/15/2012
I'd also like to hear about Romney and Mormonism's stance on the lack of FEMALES in the leadership of the church. Any FEMALE LDS Priest(esse)s or bishops? Or only females pawns?
02:27 PM on 01/15/2012
It is unfair to say Romney may be "racist" because Mormon leaders were until the 1970s. Liberal Mormons always objected to the racist statements and programs of Mormon leaders. Romney's dad was a liberal Mormon, and Romney appears to be: social liberal, but fiscal conservative. So, Romney probably never accepted the racist beliefs of Mormon leaders. Not all Mormons did.
http://markofcain.angelfire.com/WHY.html
07:47 PM on 01/14/2012
This is indeed disturbing. I knew that the Mormon church had a murky history with Black people, but I didn't realized that it was codified in their most holy book. Mormons consider themselves Christians, but most Christian sects do not consider Mormons to be Christians. If Christianity is a wacky religion with far out belief, then Mormonism is even worse. Mitt Romney is unfit to be president of our great, multiracial, multiethnic society. As the writer says, Russert invited Romney to disavow the racist parts of the Book of Mormon, and Romney refused. Period.
02:05 PM on 01/14/2012
Candidate Obama was pushed to disavowel his Paster and later left his church to end the controversy and the impact it had on the church.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Richie MuadDib
loves to be censored
10:32 PM on 01/15/2012
Interesting point. And the President has been declared non-Christian.
11:50 PM on 01/13/2012
This was good Professor I appreciate one of our leaders speaking out against this foolishness. I am so happy you brought the issuess foward.