iPhone app iPad app Android phone app Android tablet app More

Featuring fresh takes and real-time analysis from HuffPost's signature lineup of contributors
Olympia Dukakis

GET UPDATES FROM Olympia Dukakis
 

The Greeks of Edremit

Posted: 08/21/2012 2:18 pm

Prior to the first world war, the Greeks of Edremit, including my parents and their brothers and sisters, fled the pogrom.

They made it to the ocean, but not before my father endured a critical experience in his life and received the last rites as they waited for the boats to arrive.

These events and the one in 1923 in Smyrna, that included the butchering, the raping and the torturing of Greeks, have made me deeply aware of the Turkish government's efforts to reinterpret and distort history.

A recent article by Taner Akçam, a professor of history at Clark University and the author of The Young Turks' Crime Against Humanity: The Armenian Genocide and Ethnic Cleansing in the Ottoman Empire, is particularly compelling.

 
FOLLOW WORLD
Prior to the first world war, the Greeks of Edremit, including my parents and their brothers and sisters, fled the pogrom. They made it to the ocean, but not before my father endured a critical exper...
Prior to the first world war, the Greeks of Edremit, including my parents and their brothers and sisters, fled the pogrom. They made it to the ocean, but not before my father endured a critical exper...
 
 
  • Comments
  • 268
  • Pending Comments
  • 0
  • View FAQ
Comments are closed for this entry
View All
Favorites
Bloggers
Recency  | 
Popularity
Page: 1 2  Next ›  Last »  (2 total)
02:00 AM on 08/27/2012
Ms. Dukakis’ family were amongst the fortunate ones who managed to escape from one of the final phases of the Turks ethnic cleansing of Christians of Anatolia. The genocide of the Armenians, Greeks and Assyrians was real, it did happen and unfortunately there has been over 80 years of official denial by successive Turkish governments. It is despicable that some Turkish posters try to justify genocide, the Greek Genocide actually began in 1915, years before the Greeks took back Smyrna in the 1920s.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_genocide

Between the years of 1915 and 1923, more than half of the Pontic Greek population ( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pontic_Greeks ), or about 353,000 human beings, fell victim to what the world now knows to be genocide. These Greeks had been living in the region for close to 3 millennia and were systematically killed by the Turks, a people who originated in Central Asia. According to reliable sources the actual total number of Anatolian Greeks killed from all over regions of modern Turkey ranges from over 750,000 may have been close to a million people. The Greeks were targeted both prior to and alongside the Armenians and Assyrians of Anatolia and Mesopotamia. Turkey's denial of the Armenian, Greek and Assyrian Genocides sets a dangerous precedent that makes future genocides more likely, The Turkish people must admit genocidal wrongdoings committed so long ago in order for there to be peace in the region and amongst neighboring peoples.
This user has chosen to opt out of the Badges program
photo
04:41 AM on 08/27/2012
The Greco-Turkish War of 1897, also called the Thirty Days' War, was a war between Greece and the Ottoman Empire, under its ruler Sultan Hamid. Its immediate cause was Greek concern over the situation in Crete, where the Greek population was still under Ottoman control.

In late 1896 a rebellion broke out on Crete, and on January 21, 1897 a Greek army landed in Crete to help the rebels. The European powers, however, intervened landing troops on the island and proclaiming Crete an international protectorate while putting down the rebellion.

The Greek army was forced to retreat to the mainland, abandoning their fellow Greeks in Crete, to their fate. Public outcry forced the Theodoros Deligiannis government in Greece to declare war on Turkey on April 5, 1897. The Greek army attempted to advance northwards into Thessaly and Epirus. In Thessaly the Turks had concentrated six divisions of about 60,000 men under Ethem Pasha, with a seventh division joining a little later. The Greeks numbered just under 46,000, led by Crown Prince Constantine. The Greeks controlled the sea, outnumbering and outgunning the Turkish navy.

In early April Greek troops crossed the border, trying to start an uprising in Macedonia. The armies met at Mati. The Greeks were outnumbered, and retreated past Larisa, which was evacuated. Near Pharsala the Greeks re-established order, and a counter-attack was planned. However, Greek morale failed, and they were only saved because the Ottoman Sultan ordered a cease-fire on May 20.
This user has chosen to opt out of the Badges program
photo
04:44 AM on 08/27/2012
Epirus Revolt of 1854.
Seeking to take advantage of the war between Russia and the Ottomans (this war would soon grow to become the Crimean War), Greeks living in Ottoman-contolled Epirus rebelled with the aid of Greek Army officers (who left the Greek military to aid the rebels). Despite some early successes against the Turks, the Greek rebels were defeated. Britain and France provided aid to the Turks, due to their alliance with the Ottoman Empire against Russia.
12:32 PM on 08/27/2012
Taxim you are changing the subject into irrelevant arguments. Let's focus on what the Turkish Army did against their Christian minorities. If you want to talk about the Greek misdeeds done against Turks find a well known American Turk that his family suffered in 1852 to talk about their suffering. The murderous rampage by the Turkish army and their helpers among the ordinary Turks of the time is a fact and that is we are discussing.
Your arguments are trying to cover or deny this fact. So the logical think one can do in this situation is admit the fact. Then you can start putting in within the context of your gibberish.

Ms Dukakis was just stating a fact she did not go into the why. Can your room temperature IQ get this?
01:11 PM on 08/26/2012
Greek posters here should perhaps note that the name Edremit was, in antique period 'Adramytteion'
I find it rather peculiar that you Greeks are using it's Turkish name 'Edremit' in your posts. It's probably becouse of the fact that deep down in your hearts you sense the very fact that the place has been predominantly Ottoman-Turkish for many many centuries and you really no hope of taking it back!
10:45 PM on 08/26/2012
Great statement can you tell how many centuries? From the time you were in Central Asia?
11:06 PM on 08/26/2012
The reason we use it is because you will not understand what we are taking and you might think that is perhaps on Mars.
11:52 AM on 08/26/2012
The past is past. We must not forget so as not to allow the bad part to happen again. Remember the Crusades, Slavery and horrible atrocities have been committed world wide by all. This generation had nothing to do with what went on before. We need to forgive and move forward. We need to stop the anger and hate. We must not carry hate for what happened to our grandparents forward to the next generation.
photo
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
CapSen
Empathy. The faculty to feel what the other feels.
11:24 AM on 08/26/2012
She sort of left out half of the story: Greece's invasion and imperialist conquest of Turkey. Check the Megali Idea.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megali_Idea

Reinterpreting and distorting of history is no unique Turkish specialty.
10:55 PM on 08/26/2012
Great entry what innocent people that were butchered had to do with idea?
We're you were hiding?
This user has chosen to opt out of the Badges program
12:01 AM on 08/27/2012
Imperliasm consists in trying to get your own land back does it? So if the Nazis won WWII & took London for example. If the rest of England rose up many years later to take London back, would those English be considered imperialists?
This user has chosen to opt out of the Badges program
photo
01:07 AM on 08/27/2012
When was Greece internationally recognized as an independent sovereign nation?
photo
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
CapSen
Empathy. The faculty to feel what the other feels.
08:09 AM on 08/27/2012
How far do you want to go about 'getting your own land back'? Everybody lives where before someone else lived.

The ancient Greeks did not have a central state; the colonies of the various city-states did certainly not control Asia Minor in its entirety. Besides, that was over 2000 years ago. Maybe there's some Hittites who want their land back, too.

Nationalist imperialism, that's all.
09:58 AM on 08/26/2012
We Turks and Greeks can never get married, becuse we're close relatives!..
05:15 PM on 08/26/2012
Marrying close relatives and being Turkish go hand in hand. OUCH!
photo
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
coreten
09:21 AM on 08/26/2012
Well That is how it is with us humans. We just hate to live in peace and quiet. So, we bring up anything from the past to justify that, and when it seems things are quieting down, someone like Olivia Dukakis comes along and provides some more salt on the old wounds..."You did this, yeah but you did that", and it goes on and on. You have to accept the fact, violence begets violence. There isn't a single innocent party in the happenings of the WWI, or before it or after it. The difference is, the loser of any conflict hollers louder than the winning side, and tries to meke themseves look like angels. Well, sorry there were no angels in any of it. No argument is going to change whatever happened. Insted, people should put their energies in working to prevent these type of things from happening again....Yeah, I am saying all these things, knowing full well some ears will be deaf to them....Because that's how it is with us humans.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
alumcreek
sorry to see humanity repeating errors ad nauseam
10:44 AM on 08/26/2012
All fools are certain that if we forget then we won't do it again. We repeat behaviors because we do forget. The citizens of the UNITED STATES of AMNESIA try not to remember anything more than sports stats and celebrities' names.

By remembering the depredations we committed in the past we may be willing to avoid repeating them.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
istanbulite
05:48 AM on 08/26/2012
I see little value in entering the fray. I however, might suggest a couple of books. Twice A Stranger documents the population exchange and the belief that it was the foundation for other countries to believe that they should be homogenous. Birds Without Wings is a novel that details the life of a village at the end of the Ottoman Empire and the events following WWI. It saddens me to read the use of awful language about entire groups of humans. All civilizations fade as did the Ottoman Empire. Perhaps modern day Turkey should thank the Allies and Greece for the invasion and the resulting empowerment of men and women who would become the foundation of Turkey.
War and aggression is never pretty, or neat and tidy. There is always plenty of blame to be shared by all participants.
This user has chosen to opt out of the Badges program
photo
06:58 AM on 08/26/2012
I suppose you could suggest they returned the favor in Cyprus terminating the "The Regime of the Colonels"
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
istanbulite
08:10 AM on 08/26/2012
Actually, I would agree with you. Sometimes our enemies end up being our best friends, or should be.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
alumcreek
sorry to see humanity repeating errors ad nauseam
10:46 AM on 08/26/2012
Turkey's religious resurgence will bring back all the evils that were suppressed. No one is more vicious than a cleric who is competing with the seculars.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
istanbulite
05:09 AM on 08/27/2012
Perhaps, but the religious resurgence here is no different than the same in the rest of the world. It is the same in the States. Turkey is too strong for it not to balance itself.
This user has chosen to opt out of the Badges program
photo
03:09 AM on 08/23/2012
I wonder if Ms. Dukakis father cheered the Greek invasion which ignited these atrocities. Perhaps he omitted that part of history when passing on his subjective version of to his American daughter.
12:24 AM on 08/24/2012
It's not worth commenting on your garbage. I forgot the descendants of murderers making fun of the victims of their parents and grandparents. These days your ancestors will be indicted for war crimes.
photo
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
CapSen
Empathy. The faculty to feel what the other feels.
11:25 AM on 08/26/2012
Ah, you don't want to talk about it. That'll make it go away, don't it?

'Your'? Who? Where?
01:47 AM on 08/26/2012
Word for word, the standard Israeli rationalization for the Nakba. Wow.
This user has chosen to opt out of the Badges program
photo
05:59 AM on 08/26/2012
Inconvenient isn't it? It's as though one has to actually read beyond a paragraph or two, check historical facts and engage some brain cells. OUCH!
05:41 PM on 08/22/2012
I don't understand the poison that comes out form the Turkish supporters. Ms Dulkakis stated few facts that her family was lucky to escape and that the Turkish army perpetrated incredible acts of atrocity against their citizens in this case Greeks as they did in 1915 against Armenians and other Christian minorities. Further the Turkish government ruled by the new Pasha tries to rewrite history . She did not go into the why these thinks happened. So why is so difficult to accept what she said. Did she make it up? Do you feel guilty about your ancestor’s misdeeds? Or maybe delegitimizes the founding of the modern Turkish state by your first gay president, Kemal Ataturk.
Please give reasonable explanations about Ms Dukakis motives?
photo
Hally
It's all stinky.
10:21 PM on 08/22/2012
Talk about oozing poisonous hatred, look in the mirror dear.

The truth is that Greece waged an war of aggression against the remains of the Ottoman Empire at the urging of the British and lost. Accept it and move on. Screaming that you are a victim of the Turks will not change the fact that Greece's leaders made fatal errors of judgment and hundreds of thousands of Turks and Greeks paid the price.

Know this, however, you are no longer free to rewrite history to serve your purpose without objection from those who know the facts.
09:35 AM on 08/23/2012
Bally you did not answer a single question on what was written just generalities. Historians already have rendered their verdict. Check it out and move on. The Turkish state was founded on massacres of their own citizens. The rest are details.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
balamo
10:55 PM on 08/26/2012
there are no facts...everyone has their own 'set' that they can trot out on demand.

there isn't a nation in the world that doesn't have it's own national mythos - and as far as re-writes - i think in that regard turkey still takes the prize! that remains their burden to outgrow, as is just beginning to happen...
11:38 AM on 08/26/2012
What does Kemal Ataturk's sexuality have to do with anything?
10:47 PM on 08/26/2012
Nothing just a statement.
This user has chosen to opt out of the Badges program
photo
03:53 PM on 08/22/2012
James Harbord, describing the first months of the occupation to the American Senate, wrote that: "The Greek troops and the local Greeks who had joined them in arms started a general massacre of the Mussulmen population in which the officials and Ottoman officers and soldiers as well as the peaceful inhabitants were indiscriminately put to death." Harold Armstrong, a British officer who was a member of the Inter-Allied Commission reported that as the Greeks pushed out from Smynra, they massacred and raped civilians, and burned and pillaged as they went. Marjorie Housepian wrote that 4000 Smyrna Muslims were killed by Greek forces. Johannes Kolmodin was a Swedish orientalist in Smyrna. He wrote in his letters that the Greek army had burned 250 Turkish villages. In another case of atrocity, in one village the Greek army demanded 500 gold liras in order not to pillage the village, however, after the payment of the amount the village was sacked.
07:50 PM on 08/22/2012
Thank you for copying and pasting some bogus article from the historyoftruth.org website.

Even if that was true, the genocide of armenians, asia minor greeks, syriacs, and other non-muslims by the turkish population during several decades (1910-1930s) is much severe, than the thousands killed by greeks.

Why can't the turkish people and population acknowledge what happened was a horrible crime committed by the turks at that time and apologize? These people (Greeks, Syriacs, Armenians) were persecuted against in such a horrible fashion. The ironic thing about these people being killed or deported or transfered to a different land is that they had more historical rights to that land than the turks.
This user has chosen to opt out of the Badges program
photo
01:02 AM on 08/23/2012
" more historical rights to that land than the turks." Do you recommend this be applied globally? :)
photo
Hally
It's all stinky.
03:46 PM on 08/23/2012
There is nothing criminal about defense against an invading army waging a war of aggression.

That's what the Ottomans did and those invading, the Greeks and the Russians with the aid of the Armenians, lost. Millions of people died on all sides while mindless militants fought a war, killing those with whom they had lived, shared food and their lives, on behalf of leaders who wanted a piece of Anatolia to ensure that they had control over the oil fields that were then under Ottoman control.

That's it, end of story.
09:32 PM on 08/22/2012
Taxing you are trying to find an excuse why the Turks massacre the Greeks in such large scale. Nobody said that the Greek army was composed of angels. Also massacring minorities seem to be a sport in Turkey. What about the Armenians. Was their fault too. I forgot were supporters of the Russians. Therefore let's go and kill more than a million.
This user has chosen to opt out of the Badges program
photo
01:52 AM on 08/23/2012
I have no interest in "excuse" as that is irrelevant. I am providing context which will do nothing to alter the emotional perspective of anyone who has developed an opinion in a knowledge vacuum. The Greeks attempted to take advantage of a weakened Turkish government and attacked. They lost. I'll leave it to you to consider if the atrocities of war would have occurred had the Greeks not attacked.
This user has chosen to opt out of the Badges program
photo
03:41 PM on 08/22/2012
The Greek military campaign was launched because the western Allies, particularly British Prime Minister David Lloyd George, had promised Greece territorial gains at the expense of the Ottoman Empire. It ended with Greece giving up all territory gained during the war, returning to its pre-war borders, and engaging in a population exchange with the newly established state of Turkey under provisions in the Treaty of Lausanne.

The collective failure of the Greek military campaign against the Turkish independance, coupled with the expulsion of the French military from the region of Cilicia, forced the Allies to abandon the Treaty of Sèvres. Instead, they negotiated a new treaty at Lausanne. This new treaty recognised the independence of the Republic of Turkey and its sovereignty over East Thrace and Anatolia.
photo
HUFFPOST COMMUNITY MODERATOR
cplKlyde
09:00 PM on 08/26/2012
You have a new fan.
12:12 PM on 08/22/2012
my great grandfather brought his wife and six children to america from "i smyrni" (as my grandmother would call her birthplace) with intentions of returning to their home in smyrna. my grandfather was sent from his home in constantinople at the time when the turkish army was brutally collecting young greek men to indoctrimating them so they could go back to their homes to slaughter their families to america with the intention of returning to his homeland which had been their since the beginning as my grandfather put it. my other grandfather grew up in northern greece not knowing his father beyond the age of 6 having witnessed the turks slaughtering him for an unexceptable turkish accent leaving his homeland to avoid the turkish draft coming to america. they avoided the burning of smyrna which my grandmother told me her grandfather, aunts and uncles did not or the death marches landing them in concentration camps,, etc. in no way should they be excused from this horrific time in history and be able to rewrite it. people need to do some research as the world turned their back on greece that day. much of it was in a deal for access for the oil.
01:27 PM on 08/22/2012
You see anyone who is hostile toward Turks without knowing anything about Turks always uses big words like "concentration camps," "death marches," and such. One thinks of Nazis when she hears these words. The problem is that all the other historical examples of "death marches," or "concentration camps" are proven, with pictures, written plans, existing buildings, films and everything. Yet I still haven't seen a single proof of Turkish "concentrations camps" etc. Wonder why?
03:08 PM on 08/22/2012
Because there weren't any cameras back then to capture it. The only reason we saw any of it in WWII was because it was used as propoganda for the US to join in the war. The reason no evidence showed up is because it wasn't an actual written out plan like the Nazis had for the people they killed. The Turks went through as they pleased and killed thousands however they wanted. Your argument is as valid as a Holocaust denier. Just because in your head you believe none of this ever happened does not mean that it didn't. If you ever picked up a history book from time to time you would see that xmastoes is 100% correct.
05:30 PM on 08/22/2012
i believe you need to do some research. interestingly enough you bring up nazi's concentration camps so i wonder have you given any thought to where germany developed their plan to eradicate the jewish population? they were friendly with the turks and were so impressed with their methodical means of ridding themselves of the armenian population that hitler himself said, "who today remembers the armenians". i guess the greeks were forgotten more than that. since on death marches you were pulled from your home with just the clothes on your back or forced to strip naked i don't think they were really allowed to take any photo equipment of the time. you need to researchbefore you speak. no one is bad mouthing the turks. facts are just facts.
10:16 AM on 08/22/2012
who said the quote "TURKS ARE THE PUNISMENT OF GOD ON EARTH" ?
photo
Hally
It's all stinky.
11:47 AM on 08/22/2012
And if you believe that quote, when the Greek army was defeated by the Turks in 1453 and again in 1920, doesn't that mean that God decided it was necessary to punish Greece and reward the Turks?

If you are you questioning God's judgment, you probably need to take that up in another forum, not in HuffPo.
03:20 PM on 08/22/2012
Hally dont take literally. The fact is that the Turks as a ruling class of their former subjects
were not kind to them and they did inspire fear on everybody else around them.
As a consolation, Turks were not unique in the treatment of others during that era.Hopefully now might be more civilized. Who knows?
01:57 AM on 08/23/2012
no.someone told that and he meant the genocides.obviosly one who told that meant the dark side of god.
This comment has been removed due to violations of our [Guidelines]
09:05 AM on 08/22/2012
Swivel, you have your facts mixed up. The Ottoman Empire was the modern day country of Turkey. These same Ottomans in the name of their sultan and for the pocket of the British conquered many different countries and killed countless of innocent people. Do you forget who the Jannisaries were? You know, the kids that the Ottomans stole from Greece and brought up to be the elite army of the Sultan. Your ultimate insult, having Greeks kill their own people without knowing they were Greek shows the cowardice of the Ottomans. At the same time it was also a compliment because even the Sultan knew the elite soldier was a Greek one. Suleiman the Magnificent was a kind Sultan but the soldiers beneath him did terrible things. Oh and as far as for Britains pocket, we'll take back a couple tons of hand crafted Greek marble Ottomans stole and sold to British museums after using the Parthenon as a weapons depot and then blowing it up when they knew they were going to lose the war (Yes, that's why the Parthenon is a RUIN). If you are going to trash one side and blame it on them, its best you know exactly how good your side of the fight is also.
07:10 PM on 08/22/2012
Your ignorance darkens my screen. Janissaries were not only chosen among Greeks, more importantly they were not stolen but merely drafted, and even more importantly they were old enough to remember who they were as the average age of Devshirme was over 14 and there is still records of Devshirme pashas who helped their villages after going up in ranks. Yet again, they could not possibly be used to kill Greeks, why? Let me tell you why my clueless friend. Because Greeks did not revolt up until 19th century, and by the 19th century Janissary system was a total mess, many of them were not even Christians to begin with. Parthenon was used by Turks as armory, however the armory exploded due to Venetian bombardment long before 19th century. Finally, Parthenon was not sold by Turks as Turks were unaware of archaeology at time, it was stolen by British without Turkish permission, Germans also stole a whole ancient city from Turkey in 19th century. If you weren't too fixated on blaming everything on Turks, maybe our governments could act together to take back our national treasures, ha my Greek friend?
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
balamo
11:11 PM on 08/26/2012
actually, many of the devsirme or janissary ranks were filled with children whose families were eager to have their children gain an elevated social status - many janissary officers continued to endow local churches even after their conversion to islam.

as far as the parthenon is concerned, the turks believed that fairies (periler) built it...the local athenians were probably not much better informed...
photo
Hally
It's all stinky.
09:58 PM on 08/22/2012
Wow, such ignorance can't possibly be faked...and I'm impressed with the conviction with which you present fiction as fact.
02:31 AM on 08/24/2012
too lazy to read a book - does not belive his eyes when encounted the truth.
photo
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
amleth
big fan of humanity - very often disappointed
05:42 AM on 08/22/2012
Olympia - I worked with you at Williamstown in 1969 and admired you ever after. Thanks for sharing your painful experience.