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Paul Abrams

Paul Abrams

Posted: December 3, 2010 08:20 AM

"Treason against the United States shall consist only in levying War against them, or in adhering to their Enemies, giving them Aid and Comfort. No Person shall be convicted of Treason unless on the Testimony of two Witnesses to the same overt Act, or on Confession in open Court." (United States Constitution, Article III, Section 3).

"Whoever, owing allegiance to the United States, levies war against them or adheres to their enemies, giving them aid and comfort within the United States or elsewhere, is guilty of treason and shall suffer death, or shall be imprisoned not less than five years and fined under this title but not less than $10,000; and shall be incapable of holding any office under the United States". (18 USC § 2381).

I have been searching for clear distinctions in kind between Cheney et al.'s outing of CIA covert operative Valerie Plame and the most recent WikiLeaks data dump.

For the most part it has been a fruitless exercise.

Both CheneyLeaks and WikiLeaks released confidential information that risked American and/or foreign associates' lives and the safety of their families. The CheneyLeaks information seems to have provided aid-and-comfort to enemies of the United States, and we presume that is true for WikiLeaks as well.

The differences between them do not seem to rise to the level of qualitative distinctions, but they are worth noting as others may come to different conclusions.

WikiLeaks purportedly allowed pre-screening of the cables so that information that could endanger lives could be identified and redacted, but the United States, we are told, did not avail itself of that opportunity. CheneyLeaks, by contrast, forced its exposé down the throats of fellow-traveler columnists some of whom declined to publish, while others published despite being told by the CIA that they should not. One may not, however, wish to give too much credit to WikiLeaks on those grounds because it is impossible to know how many of those redactions it would have accepted.

WikiLeaks is releasing 250,000 cables, dwarfing the amount of information from CheneyLeaks. Much of the information that WikiLeaks appears to consider so key, however, such as attitudes toward the Iranian regime in the middle east, were among the worst kept secrets in the world. Nonetheless, the cables were classified so that their leak arguably constitutes criminal acts. Perhaps 250,000 criminal acts. And, their release arguably risks the lives and safety of Americans and others working with them.

CheneyLeaks, by contrast, released just a single piece of classified information. Nonetheless, as depicted in Fair Game, that information may have directly led to the deaths of people working with American operatives. We do not know about American operatives themselves. It also shut-down a key US counterintelligence operations directed at WMD in the Middle East. Because of the cover-up, and because of the primacy of keeping such information secret, we may never know how deep and broad the damage was.

CheneyLeaks also deliberately released disinformation on WMD to reporters such as Judith Miller who was working for the New York Times, and then quoted the New York Times pretending that was an independent source, to make the case to invade and occupy Iraq. Probably no crime there...but, it is interesting to note that if a Chief Executive of a publicly-traded corporation had done something analogous -- e.g., spread false information about their competitors' products and then quote back that information to investors as sourced in the New York Times or Wall Street Journal to provide a misleading imprimatur of legitimacy -- the company could be fined and its executives jailed for committing 'fraud-on-the-market'.

CheneyLeaks engineered an elaborate cover-up of its release of Valerie Plame's identity and released disinformation about her covert status. That is the "we-didn't-do-it,-but,-if-we-did, -there-was-nothing-to-what-we-did-anyhow" argument. WikiLeaks, by contrast, appears to be eager to take credit for its behavior and the importance and consequences of its actions.

CheneyLeaks will, of course, argue that it was authorized to de-classify information, and thus cannot be held criminally liable for de-classification. That is an arguable proposition, since it is likely that CheneyLeaks did not go through established de-classification processes, and thus its de-classification might be rendered invalid.

Moreover, it is not relevant. The crimes of improper de-classification and Treason are different. If a Vice-President, with authority to declassify, handed over defense secrets to an enemy, he might not have illegally disclosed classified information, but that disclosure might still be Treason.

Look above at the definitions of Treason in the US Constitution and US Code.

Do CheneyLeaks and WikiLeaks have different levels of alleged culpability? Is there enough to make a prima facie case against either, both, or neither?


 
 
 
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11:42 PM on 01/17/2011
You can't "declassify" the existing status of an active covert operative. If someone in the military had done this, or a civilian who worked at the CIA - you bet your sweet bippy they would have been charged with treason. Cheney knew most people would not understand the gravity of Plame's outing, and therefore he could slide under the radar, as he has. I hope everyone sees Fair Game.
dessertsfirst
because life is too short!!
11:21 PM on 12/03/2010
oooh! good one!

how could we have forgotten, so soon?

thanks for reminding us about Cheneyleaks.
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adrianrf
Another job-creating immigrant
05:04 PM on 12/03/2010
what amazing chutzpah to suggest there's even the remotest equivalency!

I guess it makes an angle for getting out a story, some story, any damn story, in the face of a bad case of writer's block — coupled with moral cowardice.

Wikileaks publishes whistle-blower material; original, not self-authored credible documentation of the malevolent actions of institutions, whether those institutions be commercial, political or governmental.

Wikileaks' small crew of dedicated staff has exposed incontrovertible evidence of deception, theft, fraud, extortion, kidnapping, torture, warprofiteering, murder, and conspiracy to pervert the course of justice — crimes taking place on a massive scale.

and they've done so knowing they were unprotected by any powerful forces whatsoever, and that they could in fact expect attack in every dimension by the world's most powerful commercial, legal and political forces.

oh, and thanks to the repellent reflexes of corpomedia "mavens" like Mr. Abrams, that they'd also probably be smeared by the resentment and jealousy of the failed Fourth Estate as well.

Cheney's crew outed a government agent in retaliation ("pour encourager les autres", i.e. its deterrent value) for Ambassador Joe Wilson's having exposed the falsity of a key component of the trumped-up case for war being pushed forward by the Bush Junta, the crew that stole the 2000 election with the help of no less than our corrupt and partisan Supreme Court.

the disparity in power of the actors *alone* utterly disqualifies any notion of "equivalency" on its face.
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Paul Abrams
05:45 PM on 12/03/2010
That is the first time I have been called a "corpomedia maven", if you read my articles, I am one of the media's major critics for abdicating their responsibilities and for treating different points of view as if they all had similar weight or merit.

The law, however, is a different animal. You may like what WikiLeaks did (and I do point out they claim to have provided govts the opportunity to redact to save lives), but it does not mean it does not run afoul of the law. I don't like what Cheney did, but unless he violated the law, there is nothing much that could be done.

You are correct in one respect. I thought the outrage over WikiLeaks was a good opportunity to point out what CheneyLeaks did that sparked insufficient outrage. Once the Libby trial began, I was one of the first, if not the first, to point out that what Libby had described was providing aid-and-comfort, etc. Although your comments are negative, I did achieve that result. Thank you.
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adrianrf
Another job-creating immigrant
06:16 PM on 12/03/2010
Sorry, Mr. Abrams, I had and have no background awareness of your prior corpus, and was taking what you said here at face value.

surely you understand how utterly irredeemably bankrupt the status quo corpomedia "balance" trope is now exposed as being?

did you not register Stephen Colbert's disembowelling White House Correspondents Dinner address of 2006?

the idea that corpomedia titans, mavens, hangers-on or wanna-bes (please feel free to pick wherever on that dimension you prefer to see yourself perching) can do any useful public service by presenting "one side says X, the other side says Y; we will make no declaration that we privately recognize the actual facts mean that one side is flat-out wrong, but will simply imply that "the truth is probably somewhere in-between" — well, this approach is now not only dead, it's stinking up the place.

that is the corpse this piece seeks to reanimate. it was a Bad Idea.

you, however, may not be a Bad Person.
I'll be happy to make a point of watching where you go from here.
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adrianrf
Another job-creating immigrant
06:26 PM on 12/03/2010
oh, and as one who revels in the self-description* "iconoclast" to another: try harder!

* actually, my crusty English Public School Principal first tagged me with that very appellation in his Headmaster's Report on me, following a year of relentless argument in a General Studies class I was required to take from him in my Upper Sixth year. he no doubt hoped it would represent a substantial impediment in the event that a future employer sought my school references, hardly unusual in that part of the world back then. I however was nothing but delighted.
01:19 PM on 12/03/2010
Neither one is an example of treason. However, one example of clear treason--John Walker Lindh--was not treated as such for some reason.
traceymarie
Independent to Dem in 2007
02:54 PM on 12/03/2010
what? outing a cia operative to shut the husband up is not treason inyour mind?
07:26 PM on 12/03/2010
It's a deplorable act but not treason by the definitions listed above. And Julian Assange is not a US citizen, so he can't be tried for treason.
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onegandolf1
01:13 PM on 12/03/2010
I've been wondering ever since The Plamme Outing became news just how someone could avoid being charged with Treason for it; searching in the Wilderness as it were. Never able to quite cypher it.

Now, as Tax-Paying Americans we have a right to know how our money is being spent and I believe our Government has an obligation to provide reasonable transparency in this matter. I don't expect them to provide us with blueprints for super-secret bombers or anything, but I do think that information about how we manipulated Spanish Justice in order to protect those who we are bound by Law and Treaty to investigate ourselves would certainly fall within this "right to know" Umbrella.

Following this crystal clear logic I would suggest that Mr. Assange be given The Presidential Medal of Freedom, or if a Foreign National isn't eligibly, some equally prestigious award.
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dixdarlin
12:51 PM on 12/03/2010
Plame could not fight the most powerful, corrupt administration in history! Bush-Cheney.
I'd like to know why the "tea party and the rest of the Bush clones were not charged with Sedition?
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scrogginsfarms
proud daughter of the american revolution
12:37 PM on 12/03/2010
apparently you you missed the memo where RICHARD ARMITAGE admitted he was the leak, not anyone in the bush white house. libby went to jail for perjury.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Armitage_(politician)
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12:56 PM on 12/03/2010
I was thinking the same thing.

I guess the author is following the strategy of repeating lies until they become truth.
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Paul Abrams
01:08 PM on 12/03/2010
Richard Armitage was the leak, but the information on Plame came straight from the Cheney office. How else did Scooter Libby get involved? And, what Scooter did was lie (i.e, perjury) to throw "sand in the face" of the special prosecutor (FitzGerald, a Republican appointee, whom Karl Rove targeted for removal)

You missed the memo in which Libby never served a second in jail--George W commuted his sentence before he served a day for what Martha Stewart served several months for.
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scrogginsfarms
proud daughter of the american revolution
02:43 PM on 12/03/2010
you are ill informed,

"on June 14, 2007, Judge Walton "ordered" Libby "to report to prison while his attorneys appeal his perjury and obstruction."
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_v._Libby
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TheIndependenceParty
Cranky yankee and a rehabilitated ex-Republican
12:20 PM on 12/03/2010
One major difference, ... Julian Assange never took an oath to uphold and defend the Constitution of the United States, whereas Dick Cheney did several times.

Also, while WikiLeaks certainly has touched sensitive diplomatic nerves around the world, the intent of their release was not focused upon a contemporaneous risk to our nation's security as Cheney Leaks clearly was. The purpose of leaking Valerie Plame's name was to intimidate her husband from refuting Administration lies about the nuclear capabilities of Iraq, which was the area of special intelligence expertise Plame served our nation in following.

There is no question in my mind that WikiLeaks and CheneyLeaks are significantly different. CheneyLinks was committed by the second highest ranking American office holder, and with full knowledge of its being a treasonous act.
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Paul Abrams
01:16 PM on 12/03/2010
I am not an expert on Treason, but I did not see in the Constitution or Statute a requirement that providing aid-and-comfort to enemies of the United States be a violation of an oath. For example, I think the American al-Qaeda (I cannot recall his name), by providing aid-and-comfort to enemies of the US, has been charged with Treason, although he swore no oath of which I am aware.
Julian Assange aside, someone(s) leaked the memos to WikiLeaks.
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TheIndependenceParty
Cranky yankee and a rehabilitated ex-Republican
01:40 PM on 12/03/2010
You are correct, Dr. Abrams, that treason relates to one's responsibilities of citizenship, and not any violation of an oath of office. The latter compounds the crimes of CheneyLeaks, in my estimation. As for the leaker to WikiLeaks, there is no question there that both may also have been violated in that instance, as well as agreements to handle confidential and secret information. Assange himself, however, owes no allegiance to the United States, to my knowledge. My reference to treason, as he is not an American citizen, were meant to contrast his inability to have committed that specific crime.
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jacobomorales
09:20 AM on 12/03/2010
Cheney leaked information to benefit his party and his pocket book. Wikileaks had a higher goal in mind which seems to be airing corruption and incompetence in government and industry. Wikileaks has no profit motive in mind.
12:23 PM on 12/03/2010
Yeah. this is the distinction from my perspective, too.
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Paul Abrams
01:12 PM on 12/03/2010
I am not a Treason expert--which is why I quoted the Constitution and the statute and asked for you all to weigh in. However, in my reading of it, motive does not seem to be a factor. Motive may help PROVE that Treason occurred, or did not, but it is not a necessary element of the crime. CheneyLeaks might argue that the higher goal was to maintain support in the US for the Iraq War. You (and I, for sure) would disagree that that is a higher or even worthy goal, but I don't think it is relevant one way or the other--I think what is relevant is whether CheneyLeaks (and/or WikiLeaks) actions provided aid-and-comfort to enemies of the United States.
12:16 AM on 12/04/2010
The distinction that matters is captured in your citation from the US Code: "Whoever, owing allegiance to the United States, levies war against them or adheres to their enemies..." Neither Julian Assange, an Australian national, nor Wikileaks, an international organization, owes any allegiance to the US. Wikileaks did not "release confidential information" as you state.

PFC Bradley Manning DID (it appears) release such information, and, as a result, he is in prison awaiting trial on charges that could possibly include treason. He'll certainly be charged with deliberately mishandling classified information. But for treason, you would have to prove that he levie[d] war against [the US] or adhere[d] to their enemies." He obviously did NOT levy war against the US. If he adhered to "their enemies", then who are the enemies to whom he adhered? Wikileaks defines its mission of openness, public awareness, etc without reference to the US, so I don't see any defined enemies. Frankly, I don't think the charge of treason will stick even to Manning.

In the Plame case, the charge of treason is again inapplicable. The key phrase in the US Code is "adheres to their enemies" NOT the modifying phrase, "giving them aid and comfort." Can anyone really say Armitage or even Libby, in his disgusting vendetta, much less Cheney were adhering to an enemy of the US. No, I vote against any treason charges in either case.