To date, policy towards the bottom billion has been driven predominantly by guilt: America's guilt about slavery, Europe's guilt about colonialism. Unfortunately, guilt is an appallingly bad basis for action. It leads into the headless heart: the belief that we should 'atone' by charity. But its worst effects are within...

Since the 1960s around a billion citizens of the world have been diverging from the rest of us at an accelerating rate, a trend which will generate unmanageable social pressures. Most of these countries are in Africa, and so it is appropriate that the region should again have been on...