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Pedro Noguera

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Bolder, Broader Strategy to Ending Poverty's Influence on Education

Posted: 12/02/2011 5:26 pm

While it might seem encouraging for education and civil rights leaders to assert that poverty isn't an obstacle to higher student achievement, the evidence does not support such claims. Over 50 years, numerous studies have documented how poverty and related social conditions -- such as lack of access to health care, early childhood education and stable housing -- affect child development and student achievement.

The research never suggests that poor children are incapable of learning or that poverty itself should be regarded as a learning disability. Rather, research suggests that poor children encounter obstacles that often adversely affect their development and learning outcomes.

To ignore this reality and make bold assertions that all children can achieve while doing nothing to address the outside-of-school challenges they face is neither fair nor a sound basis for developing public policy, as I wrote in a recent issue of the Phi Delta Kappan Magazine.

Despite compelling evidence that education policy must at least mitigate the harmful effects of poverty on student achievement and child development, most state and federal policies have failed to do so. However, there is growing awareness among a number of educators, mayors, and policy advocates of the need to do so based on the realization that a great deal can be done to counter the effects of poverty on children's lives and their education. Mitigation is not the same as solving a problem, but it's nonetheless an important strategy.

In Newark, N.J., for example, the Broader, Bolder Approach (BBA) reform plan is developing a comprehensive school reform strategy. Operating in seven schools in Newark's Central Ward (six kindergarten through 8th-grade schools and one large comprehensive high school), BBA has introduced school-based interventions that are responsive to the issues and challenges.

BBA is working to:

• Expand learning opportunities by providing quality early childhood education and extending the school day;

• Enrich the curriculum through enhanced literacy development in all content areas and greater emphasis on project-based learning;

• Build critical partnerships that will strengthen the capacity of schools to respond to student needs and enable community interests to come together so parents and their allies can hold schools and their leaders accountable for academic outcomes.

The BBA strategy draws on research that suggests a more comprehensive approach is needed to increase academic outcomes for poor students and to improve schools that serve them. Specifically, the BBA strategy aims at combining research-based education strategies with school-based social services, after-school programs and interventions to increase the capacity of schools to respond to issues that are endemic to the social and environmental context, such as the need for health, nutrition, jobs and safety.

The BBA strategy is based on the theory that improving the schools could spur economic development and improve the quality of life for a greater number of residents. Though this proposition has never been tested at such a large scale before, the theory behind BBA is based on the recognition that education is both a cause of many of the problems that plague the city and a potential solution.

BBA seeks to transform schools by creating a series of strategic partnerships between schools, businesses, universities, hospitals, local government and an array of neighborhood-based service
organizations.

The BBA strategy also seeks to change how urban public schools typically serve low-income children of color and their families. In many low-income urban communities, complacency, low expectations, disorder and dysfunction are endemic to the public schools. In such schools, failure has been normalized, and change often seems impossible.

American policy makers and reformers must be willing to accept the obvious: School reform efforts can't ignore the effects of poverty on children's lives or on the performance of schools. We need a more holistic strategy, one that enables schools that serve the most disadvantaged children to meet their academic and social needs so that they can overcome a track record of failure.

As promising as it is, the BBA strategy can't do this by itself. It must be combined with state and federal reforms that promote enriched learning environments, that make it possible to attract and retain excellent teachers, and that create clear criteria for accountability of all stakeholders in the education process -- educators, parents and students.

 
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
skywalk
Left of Center and Job Creator
08:23 AM on 12/05/2011
We continue to increase our spending on prisons (which are ever increasingly privatized) but continue to cut education? Our war on drugs is only making the matter worse, "Prisons are for the bad guys. For many of the others, he said, what's often needed is access to drug treatment, community services and a second chance.” Lt. Gannon stated recently at a meeting at the White House! Our war on drugs is just continuing the cycle of poverty, drug abuse and increasing the welfare state! The prison system is an entitlement program that educates low level (often due to minor drug offenses) criminals to bigger crimes. Because the stigma of prison, the lack of real world experience and the breaking up of families just makes the matter worse and the cycle continues, we spend more on the war on drugs, more on the prison (entitlement system) and many families do need additional anti poverty help (welfare) due to now raising children in a single family home. Educate and empower all of our citizens for prosperity and educate, treat and prevent drug abuse.
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John Galt2
My life is my own...
02:53 PM on 12/04/2011
Education at the sub-university level will never improve without competition. That involves putting choice into the hands of PARENTS about where their children go to school. All education expenditures should be voucherized and given to the parents, so that all schools must compete by offering the best services possible. And the Dept of Education should be abolished, returning school control to the states and loaclities where it belongs.

The much harder task is dismantling our social-welfare state, which breaks up families, encourages single parenthood (especially among teens), and promotes generation after generation of citizens dependant upon the state, instead of a job, for their sustenance.

Until we can address the social issues destroying families, especially among the lowest economic stratas, all the fiddling with new government programs will simply fail and condemn more of our youth to meaningless lives.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
10YearTeacher
04:36 PM on 12/04/2011
Because...the market knows all eh? Really? Recent history ought to teach you otherwise.
Schools are not businesses, just as businesses are not schools. If businesses were run like schools, you would have to make all sorts of changes, first and foremost you'd have to accept any payment for your service, no matter how low it is. Just as schools have to accept every child, no matter how troubled or how ill-prepared he or she is.

Parents are not always the best choosers when it comes to the education of their children. If you vouucherize everything, then schools become little more than parent-pleasers. Sometimes, parents are not pleased by what it takes to educate their child well. Some of them get that, most of them don't. I have taught at two charter schools. One was focused on keeping the parents pleased. The other is focused on doing what is right for the students' education. Guess which one is more successful?
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skywalk
Left of Center and Job Creator
08:07 AM on 12/05/2011
I am totally against privatizing education and prisons I read an article on here recently that the CBO conducted a study that showed after all the private sector can do it cheaper BS is not true they found the only thing the government can’t do cheaper is the lawn care! I grew up on the Welfare state and was lucky enough to break the cycle of poverty in my family but education is the key. Not just your typically education but mentoring and experiencing the real world, I’ve said many times if the politicians were serious about reducing poverty they would educate and empower them!
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
10YearTeacher
02:47 PM on 12/04/2011
...and no where in there is firing teachers because their disadvantaged students don't score on standardized tests like their more advantaged peers. Wow. It actually tries to solve or at least allay the problem without blaming teachers. Goodness sakes! Imagine that!
11:47 AM on 12/04/2011
There are no solutions here just the same recycling of laments and faux answers from other places. One of these days I am going to read some really original thinking about all this. I haven't seen any yet.
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Mack Hopkins
09:27 PM on 12/03/2011
Yep, misery really is the new norm.
03:23 PM on 12/03/2011
If every single illegal alien and their offspring (legal or not) was permanently repatriated the problem which this author so eloquently describes would be significantly reduced. Sadly, that is not the world we live in. Any nation that fails to secure its borders and provide a decent education environment for its own citizens is doomed to fail.
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LATEACHER1X
tell the truth!
02:46 PM on 12/03/2011
Stop segregating English learners, mix kids of varying ability levels, and add 30 minutes of high quality play to the kindergarten,first grade curriculum (legos, dollhouse' etc). Vocabulary will increase and academic achievement will skyrocket for most. This is the foundation of the achievement gap.
02:23 PM on 12/03/2011
Hello! Finally a place to put an idea that I had a few years ago, along with today's thoughts.... Public Schools are funded mostly through or according to property taxes in their region, yes? Let us ponder ending "Rich schools" and "Poor Schools" by pooling income for schools state or even nationwide and re-distributing all such funds equally to every area in need of a school? I have been to both kinds of schools. I am now a college graduate, although disabled. I know what was encouraging and what was discouraging to learning. All schools should be good schools. There should be more complete and higher standards for buildings; safety, cleanliness, security, lighting, class size, teacher pay, even maintenance details. If we can't fix all of the other obstacles, we can certainly fix the schools themselves. I also think that we should have our schools involved in after-school voluntary programs from a quiet, well-lit place to do one's homework to extended social environments and maybe something to eat for the kids. School COULD be a central, positive
hub in every community. The devil is in the details as they say, so consider this a paradigm shift, an idea possibly worthy of figuring out how to do. There should BE no rich schools, poor schools, just schools.
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skywalk
Left of Center and Job Creator
08:10 AM on 12/05/2011
Educate and Empower the people! That is the quickest way to lower the welfare state! F&F!
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Marx Twain
America's homespun Marxist
01:05 PM on 12/03/2011
Although childhood poverty is the biggest obstacle to education for many children, I don't expect this issue to be addressed any time soon.

The "educational reformers" are part of the strategy of the 1% to keep attention away from income inequality. As long as they can keep the pressure on schools and teachers, and keep the public blaming teachers and unions for low test scores with impoverished schools, then they will continue to own this conversation.

And that keeps the American public distracted while they redistribute the wealth upwards.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
lrobb
Gold Standard = four paws and a tail
03:43 AM on 12/03/2011
There appear to be two approaches to educating children living in poverty. The first, like BBA, takes the child out of the negative environment during as much of the day as possible. The second, like the Harlem Childrens' Zone, is taking back the neighborhood block by block.

Both approaches are extremely expensive. The only way I would be willing to vote for a tax increase for my local schools is if I knew without a doubt what they were planning to do had worked spectacularly somewhere else with a similar group of children.
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robidomoore
devils advocate
02:14 AM on 12/03/2011
30 % of school problems are parental. First lets start with the fact that illiteracy is approaching 30% in some school districts just among parents. how does one teach their own children to read if they can't. And in many school districts 50% of parents do not hold a HS degree or equivalent. Single parent households that must work 2-3 jobs to support the family are unable to spend the time with their children. I am sure the list could on go but when you take the fact that many of these schools are economic waste areas then you have only added to the problem. And again when you have teachers that are not vested in the district or neighborhoods of which they work there is less understanding or ties to that society except for a job. Don't get me wrong there are many good teachers out there.but what I hear from so many social workers and teachers that I personally know is that they get burnt out and just become immune to it all and just go through the motions. There are only so many hours in the day to vest some interest in just one child let alone 30-40 per class.
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skywalk
Left of Center and Job Creator
08:25 AM on 12/05/2011
Isn't Bloombergs plan to reduce the teachers and increase the student-teacher ratio? Most of these politians are so out of touch with the real world.
01:40 AM on 12/03/2011
I'm sorry my man, I disagree with the suggestion that creating state and federal programs will make a discernible difference in academic achievement in low-income, inner city communities. Frankly, this problem starts in the home. Its up to the parents to bridge the gap and teach their children that an education is important and a life long endevor. Until this happens, we can expect to see the same under performing schools in the same inner city neighborhoods.
02:34 PM on 12/03/2011
Economic concerns like keeping a roof overhead and food in the fridge and a car for safe transportation can occupy all parental time and energy to survive. I do agree that a change in attitude towards their childrens' betterment through education could help a lot. It's just hard to see when everything else is such chaos.
02:56 PM on 12/04/2011
Unfortunately, the root of the problem is most children in inner city communities are raised by only one parent. So yes, with one parent in the home, I agree, it can be nearly impossible to do what you suggest.
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skywalk
Left of Center and Job Creator
08:29 AM on 12/05/2011
That's the problem is we have been relying on the parents and they failing to do the job, if we really want to reduce welfare and increase prosperity we need to educate and empower these children. I know firsthand growing up on welfare how limiting you outlook on life is and how without education and mentoring you have no idea what life has to offer. A little bit can go a long way and it really will save money over time by breaking the cycle of poverty.
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acumenguy
It could be carried by an African swallow
10:07 PM on 12/02/2011
In case my first post makes it to the board.
There is a difference between “poverty” and “concentrated poverty.”
People, all living things, adapt to their environment.
-When folks are poor amongst people who are not poor, they struggle to change their situation.
-When folks are poor, and EVERY ONE else is poor, they adapt the survival techniques of the population.
If we are to enhance the education of poor children, there MUST, MUST, MUST, be a change the cultural and socioeconomic terrain in which they exist.
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acumenguy
It could be carried by an African swallow
09:56 PM on 12/02/2011
If Pedro Noguera is the moderator, I expect him to block this comment.
Surprise me.
I read this post looking forward to ideas addressing “Bolder, Broader Strategy to Ending Poverty's Influence on Education” that would help be a more effective educator to my students. The article, written by a professor and all, consisted of the same “blah, blah” given in answers to boots-on-the-ground-day-to-day-teachers-in-the-classroom. This is not a trolling “diss-in-your-face.” And I ‘ll bet you’ve “been around the block enoough and over came obsticals that weren’t my reality.
But here’s where the idea loses many troops:
“…..enable community interests to come together so parents and their allies can hold schools and their leaders accountable for academic outcomes.”
O.K. I’ll dance. Let’s play “IF-WHEN.”
-IF I fail to supply adiquite homework to enrich classroom instruction, I’m accountable. WHEN the child doesn’t turn in homework, parents are accountable.
-IF I’m am unskilled in applying “research-based education strategies,” I’m accountable. WHEN the child responds with “Man, don’t nobody want to do that *dirty word* and refuses to ATTEMPT assignment, the parents are accountable.
I could go on, but, I think you and the reader get the point.
I don’t mind putting in the work and doing the job. Let’s just “play fair.”
You have excellent command of the language. “You talk so well.”