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Peter H. Gleick

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The Real Story Behind the Fracking Debate

Posted: 07/30/2012 3:38 pm

By now, if you have any interest in water, energy, international security and politics, climate change, environmental impacts on small communities, or any number of other issues of the day, you have seen, heard, or read something about "fracking" -- the shorthand name for the process of hydraulic fracturing.

Are you confused by the debate over fracking?

I'm not surprised. The public debate is complex, angry, boisterous, a mix of science intertwined with politics, and complicated by a lack of information (or even intentional disinformation) on all sides. And like many other complex problems, the reality is often somewhere in between the extreme points of view that are highlighted in the media, which seems less and less able to appreciate, report, and acknowledge nuance and subtlety around complex scientific issues.

Fracking is not good or bad: it is a process to increase the production of fossil fuels, primarily natural gas, from certain geological formations. But good or bad things can happen as a result of fracking, depending on how it is implemented, where it is pursued, the technologies used, and the actions taken to increase its benefits and reduce its impacts. And whether or not you support or oppose fracking depends on how those benefits and impacts are perceived, distributed, addressed, and valued -- and whether it is in your backyard.

Do you benefit economically from fracking operations? Do you support U.S. energy independence and hope that fracking will reduce U.S. imports of imported energy? Do you worry about climate change and feel that fracking can help reduce dependence on much dirtier coal by increasing availability of cleaner burning natural gas? Then you're likely to support expanded fracking. Some have hailed it as a game-changer that promises increased energy independence, job creation, and lower energy prices.

But do you live in a rural community where the impacts of expanded drilling, extraction operations, and water contamination are being felt? Do you worry that your local environmental and social costs outweigh the economic benefits that are likely to accrue to other parties? Do you feel that U.S. national energy priorities should be to reduce all fossil fuel combustion in favor of domestic renewable energy production? Do you feel that regulatory oversight and environmental enforcement is insufficient to protect against the downsides of rapid expansion of fracking operations? Then you're likely to oppose expanded fracking. And opponents have called for a temporary moratorium or even a complete ban on hydraulic fracturing due to concern over environmental, social, and public health concerns.

There ARE some fracking facts that are relevant (as opposed to opinion):

  • The U.S. uses a lot of energy, primarily fossil fuels.

  • We import a substantial amount of that energy at a real economic and political cost.

  • Natural gas contributes far less than coal to climate-changing greenhouse gas pollution (and other pollution), per unit energy produced -- but far more than renewable energy options that can also reduce dependence on coal.

  • Fracking requires substantial amounts of water and sometimes nasty chemicals (at least the way it is practiced now).

  • There is growing evidence of both potential and actual threats of damages to local water resources.

  • Most significantly, we don't know enough about these threats to make wise decisions because monitoring and regulatory oversight are inconsistent from state to state, and weak and inadequate.

The Pacific Institute has just released a new study on the issues associated with fracking, especially risks to the nation's water resources. Authored by Heather Cooley and Kristina Donnelly, this assessment was based on extensive interviews with a diverse group of stakeholders, including the industry itself, representatives from state and federal agencies, academia, environmental groups, and community-based organizations from across the United States. When honest and open discussions occur, there is surprising agreement among them about the range of concerns and issues associated with hydraulic fracturing. The top six key concerns were:

  1. Spills or leaks of contaminated water or fracking fluids into the surrounding environment.
  2. Storing, transporting, treating, and appropriately treating or disposing of wastewater
  3. Water requirements for fracking competing with other water needs in water-scarce regions.
  4. Truck traffic and impacts on air quality in rural communities.
  5. Lack of comprehensive and credible data and information to clearly assess the risks and develop sound policies to minimize those risks.
  6. The failure to clarify terms and definitions about the hydraulic fracturing process.

What is critically apparent is that the dialogue about hydraulic fracturing -- to the extent there has been a dialogue rather than a series of monologues -- has been marked by confusion and obfuscation due to a lack of clarity about the terms used, serious data and information gaps, and ideological positions. A more fruitful and informed debate is the only thing likely to lead to appropriate energy, water, and environmental policies. But the current debate is rarely well-informed, and even less frequently, fruitful. Can we figure out how to reap the benefits of fracking without suffering, unnecessarily, the adverse costs? If not, opposition will continue to grow, and it will be deserved.

 
 
 

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By now, if you have any interest in water, energy, international security and politics, climate change, environmental impacts on small communities, or any number of other issues of the day, you have s...
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09:57 PM on 08/01/2012
There should be a complete ban on hydraulic fracturing due to environmental, social, and public health concerns. Clean water is far more important than natural gas.
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deweaver
Scientist, businessman, semi-retired
08:21 PM on 08/01/2012
You conclusion that: "A more fruitful and informed debate is the only thing likely to lead to appropriate energy, water, and environmental policies" is unlikely to be achieved. Informed debate is dull discussion of well design details by experts, risk analysis mathematics, detailed water chemistry, detailed geology, etc. The devil in all in these design details and they are hyper technical and dull.

The activists need conflict for fund raising so detail are irrelevant and good movie making is critical for the activists organizational incomes. Even News Media can't make a living talking about the details of water chemistry when most of their readers don't even know freshman chemistry.
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01:34 PM on 08/01/2012
What about the Industry data that suggest 40% of well casings crack and leak after ten years?

What about the fact that the same Advertising firm that lied incessantly for the tobacco industry is now working for the Natural Gas industry - Hill and Knowlton?

Don't you know, The Sky is Pink -
http://vimeo.com/44367635
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Estreet1964
Gimmie the beat boys and free my soul....
10:36 AM on 08/01/2012
I do not trust the petrochemical industry to do fracking safely. Their track record of pollution and negligence is just too long. They will cut whatever corners they can to make a killing profit and leave the water that millions of Americans depend on irreparably poisoned.

We've already seen how they are working the system to escape any oversight and accountability for their operations by exempting themselves from regulations and pushing legislation like the "Haliburton Loophole" allowing them to inject hundreds of unknown poisons into the ground with impunity.

They cannot be trusted because we've seen in the past the ways in which they will endanger human lives and the environment in the name of higher profits.

No, no, a thousand times no. The risk of widespread damage are just too great.
09:06 AM on 08/01/2012
Methane, CH4, is a much more powerful greenhouse gas than CO2, some scientists contend that natural gas is dirtier than coal. Where is the precautionary principle as far as this is concerned? There is also the issue of radon Radon is bound with Marcellus shale gas and will be released during the combustion of natural gas. Lung cancer from using gas stoves..no thanks. In addition gas is another fossil fuel that is a finite resource we behave as if we all know that their is no future. extract it, use it up and let our children worry about the clean up and the source of future energies.
Linda from Deerfield
Paying attention
10:50 PM on 08/01/2012
Thanks, I had not encountered the radon concern and will be following up on it. I am with you in wondering about such low representation of the children's interests.
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MSROADKILL612
love auto biographys. any appS to write mine?
12:32 AM on 08/01/2012
I hate fracking, but for gods sake USA, start building a CNG filling network for big rigs etc. or u r doomed

once in place, it will grow & autos will use it too

fund the seed money w/ a tax on way too cheap petrol if u must

T Boone Pickens has the right idea

I cant understand why T baggers would have a problem - isnt energy security pretty much their whole MO
09:53 AM on 08/01/2012
Watch "Fuel" Joshua Tickell. Biodeisel is an environmentally friendly alternative fuel that is not a fossil fuel, it's a sustainable and local. Some countries have been reaping the benefits for quite a while and are not worrying about a dependency on foreign oils.
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MSROADKILL612
love auto biographys. any appS to write mine?
12:02 AM on 08/01/2012
The real story is there has been no debate.

or til its too late to matter

it just appeared & then folks water went sour
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lhoffman5
72 yr old,Eisenhower Rep. Retired history Teacher
05:11 PM on 07/31/2012
To many years ago cartoon in a magazine: !st picture A lone tree, a lumberjack, and guy in a suit with/clipboard, little fence around tree with sign "last tree on earth" 2nd picture: lumber jack swings at tree. 3rd Picture: tree falls to ground, 4th picture Guy in suit says to lumberjack "Your Fired" that cartoon set stuck with me all these years!
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BBackSoon
Hello, I must be going.
11:00 PM on 07/31/2012
Wow, that is both fantastic and terrifying at the same time.
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MSROADKILL612
love auto biographys. any appS to write mine?
12:05 AM on 08/01/2012
cool

fanned
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lhoffman5
72 yr old,Eisenhower Rep. Retired history Teacher
10:40 AM on 08/01/2012
:i) thanks!
04:43 PM on 07/31/2012
This turned out to be a one-sided view of the issue. an example of what the author purportedly is against.
04:38 PM on 07/31/2012
Injecting poisonous chemicals into the water table is not a complicated idea. Stop doing it. Maybe use less energy; conserve energy .
05:10 PM on 07/31/2012
It isn't injected into the water table. The well vertically goes down over a thousand feet below the aquifer before it turns horizontal to the shale where the water is injected. There is no realistic possibility of contaminating the aquifer.
10:40 AM on 08/01/2012
Except where the geology allows communication between the strata, as can happen in the Marcellus shale. The depth doesn't matter when there are active communication channels between strata. It may take more time for communication but it will happen.

Or well casings failures, which happen at a rate of about 6% for the first year and increase to over 50% in 20 years. Not to mention the spills and leaks of drilling mud, flobwack. The leaking of the lined pits to hold drilling tailing or fracking flowback, liners are typically polyethylene which can tare or puncture easily (when liners are required) or the spills from transportation of fluids as well as intentionally ignoring regulations and dumping drilling materials into remote streams and creeks,
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Peter H. Gleick
Hydroclimatologist, President, Pacific Institute
12:06 PM on 08/01/2012
the possibility may be low, but it is certainly "realistic."
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lhoffman5
72 yr old,Eisenhower Rep. Retired history Teacher
04:33 PM on 07/31/2012
Page TWO: If the Gas Industry drills, New York State, City and thirty of forty communities in the drilling area will have gained the potential of loosing our water supplies. To reduce the danger of that New York has been told that we will need a 10 or 11 BILLION dollar (government estimate which means 15 to 20 Billion dollar_) Water Filtration System. My solution to the problem is as follows Let the Gas and Drilling Industry first build us the filtration system, use filter/recycling systems that will capture the other cases (like Methane) that leach from the wells, and figure out a way to use less than five acres of land per well! Then New Yorkers throughout the State will welcome them with open arms and smiles. Oh F Y I the State Government and the drillers just lost one in Court about taking the rights of local communities away from them so that Harrisburg could call all the shots regarding drilling on peoples PRIVATE PROPERTY!
05:11 PM on 07/31/2012
Please. The entire NYC watershed has been ruled off limits to fracking. (The Syracuse watershed also.)Know the facts.
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lhoffman5
72 yr old,Eisenhower Rep. Retired history Teacher
09:18 PM on 07/31/2012
I know the facts and I know that water injected into the ground has to go someplace! I know that water has a habit of seeking its own level, I know that water follows gravity. And, I know that the dammed water control tanks that they use LEAK and cause damage. I am not a scientist, but I know those things. And did you only read the part you wanted, Go look for the FIRST page, it will tell you what you need to know. Or did you not bother to notice that this is labeled PAGE 2?
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freeSpeakr
I stand on the shoulders of giants
04:30 PM on 07/31/2012
Gasland Trailer http://goo.gl/c1e8
Gas in the water http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fSFDNyhKcSY&feature=player_embedded
Fracking Hell http://goo.gl/x6STk

and these …

Oilsands damage http://goo.gl/YnPiw
Think Progress on the tar sands http://goo.gl/aBUhc
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lhoffman5
72 yr old,Eisenhower Rep. Retired history Teacher
04:22 PM on 07/31/2012
I live in New York City, The State has Natural Gas, and the Gas Industry is now threatening the State with a law suit if they are not allowed to drill. But, is it Safe? The industry "experts" tell us not to worry that got it all covered! Sure they do- not! Look, I for one would LOVE them to drill. The State, Cities, all the Municipalities involved, could sure as blazes use the tax receipts and the jobs. But, is it SAFE? "IF" it is why are so many areas where there is already drilling having so many problems with polluted water supplies, increase in earthquake activity, destroyed habitat As I understand it each well takes up about FIVE (5) acres and that does not count the access roads and terminals that the wells and drillers require! The Industry, claims TRADE SECRETS about what is in the water they are injecting into the ground! We not only want, we NEED to know what is in that water, and oh, BTW they use millions of gallons of it per well!
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MSROADKILL612
love auto biographys. any appS to write mine?
12:15 AM on 08/01/2012
FYI - see my above post

totally agree - all very iffy
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lhoffman5
72 yr old,Eisenhower Rep. Retired history Teacher
10:33 AM on 08/01/2012
Hello again mate, will check out your post! 
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Shawn Kelloway
04:17 PM on 07/31/2012
Yeah, this article misses some incredibly important factors. (A) We are not just talking about fracking, but high volume horizontal fracking. Vertical fracking wells have been around for years but they produce more evenly and slowly. This allows companies to lure property owners. However, horizontally fracked wells only have high productivity rates for the first six months and then taper off; though long enough for the Energy companies to report high productivity rates and secure more money from the banks for expansion. This issue is already under scrutiny by the SEC.

(B) U.S infrastructure for natural gas is maxed-out. Even if we could increase production, there is nowhere to put it. Even with exports helping ease the overflow and proposed NLG (Natural Liquid Gas) plants, we still have a wasted surplus. The overhead costs of any type of energy production are huge, so the energy companies are forced to keep production going even if it means misrepresenting actual productivity rates and longevity of wells. They have to expand or risk going under. Rates will not go any lower since international demand is already met. Remember, natural gas is only an alternative fuel. It isn't like oil which can be used in many forms across many industries.

Energy companies have backed themselves into this proverbial wall and can't get out, since getting out means folding. Their lies have brought us to this situation, along with uniformed landowners and politicians.
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MSROADKILL612
love auto biographys. any appS to write mine?
12:23 AM on 08/01/2012
"gas pipes maxed out"?

not saying u r wrong, just news to me

pipes to the disparate wells - lacking - sure

trunk lines - my guess - best infrastructure in the world
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jsgaetano
Legum servi sumus ut liberi esse possimus
04:06 PM on 07/31/2012
The two sides: on one side, conservatives want corporations to be allowed to do anything to anybody, completely destroying America's Rule of Law. On the other side is We The People, who want our laws and way of life to be preserved. There is no possibility to be "bi-partisan" on this issue.
04:44 PM on 07/31/2012
Fine. Burn oil and coal for power. do you consider that a liberal position.
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jsgaetano
Legum servi sumus ut liberi esse possimus
05:01 PM on 07/31/2012
Nope. Liberals support renewable energy which allows us to not be slaves to the Saudi government, or to the Conservative Culture of Corruption's pollution industry.

It's always hilarious how conservatives claim we can't have energy or an economy without destroying rule of law. Such mindless drones, or else just dutiful shills.