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Peter M. J. Hess, Ph.D.

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The Titanic, Climate Change and Avoidable Tragedies

Posted: 05/21/2012 12:02 pm

One of the most legendary maritime disasters was the 1912 sinking of the RMS Titanic. In a pivotal scene in James Cameron's 1997 film, master shipbuilder Thomas Andrews looks around the magnificent foyer of the grand staircase, swarming with frantic passengers. Rose Bukater asks how serious the situation is. Says Andrews: "In an hour or so, all this will be at the bottom of the Atlantic."

The tragedy that was Titanic presents us with some sobering parallels to the great environmental challenges facing our civilization in the 21st century. Titanic suffered a cascading disaster in which sea water from one ruptured compartment spilled over the bulkhead into the next, inexorably causing the ship to founder. Analogously, as our ever-increasing human demands for energy, water, housing, transportation and agricultural land run up against the immovable iceberg that is human carrying capacity, we are witnessing the cascading failure of our fragile terrestrial support systems. Both calamities are the result of a collision between human over-confidence and the implacable forces of nature.

Titanic was at once an engineering marvel and a monument to human hubris. One of the most sophisticated ocean liners ever constructed, Titanic was declared by some to be "practically unsinkable." To minimize weight, maximize speed and preserve aesthetics, the owners skimped on lifeboats, installed inadequate bulkheads and relied on a single iron hull. Thomas Andrews recognized these design flaws and argued for46 more lifeboats, for bulkheads that reached up to B deck to create sealable watertight compartments and for a double hull. On every point he was overridden by his cost-conscious supervisors.

Like the Titanic, our present-day industrial civilization is a marvel of human ingenuity, and yet -- as with Titanic -- a reckoning looms on the horizon. Our profligate use of coal, oil and gas resources for transportation and food production has allowed humans to flourish in almost every region of the globe. Abundant cheap oil has supported medical advances to increase the birth rate, to extend life spans, and to enable us to expand our human population (if only temporarily) from 1 billion to 7 billion in a century and a half. But in our heedless rush for a better, more comfortable life, we've ignored the signs of impending disaster.

Humanity today is conducting an unprecedented ecological experiment, steaming into the uncharted waters of global climate change, unsure if we have sufficient provisions and lifeboats for all. Like the third-class and steerage passengers on the Titanic, the developing nations will be on their own, as the industrial nations commandeer the world's remaining reserves of oil, water and arable land. The existing problem of ecological refugeeism -- as, for example, when millions of Bangladeshis will be forced to migrate to higher, already occupied ground -- will be exacerbated by the extinction of entire island nations such as Tuvalu and the Maldives.

The burdens imposed by climate change and resource depletion will probably fall unequally. In the case of tens of millions of people who rely for their supply of drinking water on shrinking Asian and South American glaciers, those who have contributed least to greenhouse gas emissions are likely to pay the highest price. We are stressing all of Earth's biogeographical support systems -- from the atmosphere, to rivers and oceans, to forests and food production -- without a clear picture of what the consequences will be.

If we cannot reverse our consumptive course, we can at least make an effort to minimize the impact by reducing human population growth to zero. We can restrain our desire to travel any time to any place we want at whatever the energy cost. And we can "decarbonize" our energy economy by reducing as much as possible the amount of CO2 going into the atmosphere -- through conservation, efficiency, sequestration and converting to renewable sources.

Climate change and resource depletion are avoidable tragedies, and pose urgent ethical questions. What are my environmental obligations as an individual? Ought I to live closer to my work? Should we bring a third child into the world? What energy-intensive creature comforts should affluent societies be willing to sacrifice?

Every Sunday Christians recite the Nicene Creed, professing belief in "the creator of heaven and earth" and in "the life of the world to come." But what about the world we actually inhabit? Does this world really matter? As a theologian, a parent and an ethical person, I affirm that it does matter. It matters that I leave the Earth a habitable place for my children and for countless future generations of humans. It matters that we safeguard the millions of species who are our evolutionary cousins and planet mates. It matters the world to me that with our actions we look after the creation we honor with our lips.

Peter M. J. Hess, Ph.D., is Director of Religious Community Outreach with the National Center for Science Education, a non-profit organization in Oakland, Calif., that defends and promotes the teaching of evolution and climate science.

 
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This user has chosen to opt out of the Badges program
12:11 AM on 05/23/2012
Every time I read an article about climate change there are two stories that comes to mind that are never addressed.

There are TWO north poles ("true" north and magnetic north) and one is moving toward Russia. So, will the equator eventually become the new north and south pole?.

Also, the seasons are --albeit very slowly-- changing so that eventually New Years Day in north America will be in the summer.

Is the cold following the moving north pole?

I recognize that there are some natural patterns to climate change and that the effects of human activity contribute substantially to it. Just wondering where these aforementioned two bits of trivia are in the mix.
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chrisd3
Excelsior!
07:24 PM on 05/29/2012
No, the magnetic pole has nothing to do with weather or climate.
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08:40 PM on 05/29/2012
s this opinion or can you provide me w/scientific texts on this subject?  Would like to read reasons or theory as to why, if other than plate shifts, this is occurring.
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phal4875
The world is run by cats; we just feed them.
03:14 PM on 05/22/2012
Fanned, Dr. Hess. You argue for keeping population at its present level because of the effects of population increases in the coming years. Many nations that barely exceed sea level will be damaged, and nations that have coastlines will be, also. One issue is that the largest branch of the biggest religion in history is pushing their adherents to have as many children as "God allows." The Roman Catholic Church is going to flood Bangladesh, the Maldives, and much of Florida during this century.
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Peter M J Hess
03:48 PM on 05/22/2012
phal4875, I argue not for keeping Earth's present human population level, but for reducing it to the solar carrying capacity of 1-2 billion. I argue for doing this by attrition, not by mass killing, of course. Be careful not to tar all Catholics with the same brush: I don't personally know any Catholics who say we should have "as many children as God allows." Most American Catholics (at least where I live) have families at replacement level or smaller. But you are right (if this is what you mean) that it is going to take a lot of education to bring much of the world to understand why a finite planet cannot have an indefinitely expanding population of Homo sapiens!
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bmuesli
11:51 PM on 05/21/2012
"Abundant cheap oil has supported medical advances to increase the birth rate, to extend life spans, and to enable us to expand our human population (if only temporarily) from 1 billion to 7 billion in a century and a half."
That is disingenuous at best and untrue at worst. "Abundant cheap oil" had nothing to do with the discovery of antibiotics and vaccines, which reduced or eliminated many diseases that plagued mankind for millienia, .The trucks and trains that transported medicine and doctors to far-flung areas of the world did use gasoline. Medical advances (birth control, prenatal care, maternal education) have decreased the birth rate and decreased infant mortality ( the true measure of a successful society).
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Peter M J Hess
12:23 PM on 05/22/2012
bmuesli, good luck with that! Here's your assignment: take a population of one billion, and make it grow to seven billion. But you can only use wood, straw, dung, water, wind, and animal power to construct your hospitals, water purification plants, medical schools, pharmaceutical companies, and highways for vaccine distribution. You may not use steam engines either, as they depend on coal for smelting the iron ore. You'll need fast horse-drawn carriages to transplant organs for transport; don't forget the sawdust insulation for the wooden ice chest you keep that heart in. Clipper ships should enable you to get to Africa in a few weeks to contain that next outbreak of Dengue Fever! Remember, all fossil fuels are off limits; no artificial fertilizers, no tractors or combine harvesters, no long-haul trucks, no airplanes to deliver your fresh tomatoes from Chile. OK, ready, set, go!
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phal4875
The world is run by cats; we just feed them.
03:18 PM on 05/22/2012
Dear Dr. Hess:

Perhaps we are just one tiny line of the evolutionary tree - one that is about to reach its end. The world may not be any the worse for an end to humanity. The other creatures might be cheering in their own way. I'd like to think a few dogs or cats might feel sad that we reached extermination. Why would most species care that humans would be finished hogging far more than our share of resources?
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artleads
Let's have a national retreat.
08:25 PM on 05/21/2012
So is getting the money out of politics the solution to resolving this disaster, or is the problem too deep for that?
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Peter M J Hess
09:25 PM on 05/21/2012
The problem is systemic. Seven billion humans rely on a finite petroleum resource. If we can find a magical substitute for oil, well and good. If not, we will have to find ways to support seven billion of us without reliance on oil.
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artleads
Let's have a national retreat.
10:29 PM on 05/21/2012
How about civilization has run its course and we need a replacement?
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05:26 PM on 05/28/2012
There is a replacement for fossil fuels and it is the Liquid Fluoride Thorium Reactor.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BOoBTufkEog

However, this unrecognized opportunity does not allow Us to continue the rampage
of the biosphere. It's the energy to expand our presence into the Universe. The
life support systems of the biosphere must be maintained and healed in order for
Us to obtain even higher levels of civilized Humanity and Dignity.

http://nucleargreen.blogspot.com/2008/04/alvin-m-weinberg-bell-and-bomb.html
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thorrsman
Why should I define myself by quoting others?
08:04 PM on 05/21/2012
IS climate change "avoidable"?

I would hope that you have heard of the Little Ice Age by now. That you understand the disasterous effects that the long cool--and merely cool, not actually COLD at a true Ice Age would have been--climate event had on humanity for centuries.

That same hope would apply to the Medieval temperature Optimum that preceded the Little Ice Age, where the global averages were slightly higher than we have seen today.

And, I hope that you understand that the Little Ice Age ENDED in about the mid-19th century, thus ushering in another warming period.

If the Little Ice Age had not ended, we would still face the harsh winters--recall your history lessons about Valley Forge?--and the short summers--and growing seasons--that marked the Little Ice Age.

We can no more avoid the effect of the Little Ice Age having come to an end than we could have avoided the Little Ice Age itself.
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artleads
Let's have a national retreat.
08:31 PM on 05/21/2012
I may be just as deluded as you, for I think climate change can be avoided (reversed; it can't be avoided) simply by planting trillions of trees while stopping the cutting of forests.
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thorrsman
Why should I define myself by quoting others?
10:56 PM on 05/21/2012
Are you aware of the fact that there are more trees in America today than there was a hundred years ago?

Perhaps the idea of trying to turn the entire world into a single great forest should start elsewhere, Brazil comes to mind.

However, the simple fact is that trees don't grow everywhere. The current slight rise in average temperatures means that there is more land for trees--or better for humanity, crops--but there remains the matter of water for such crops.

With the change in climate due to the end of the Little Ice Age, there is also a change in the long-term weather patterns. Thus far, as we are not very deep into the forming pattern that is replacing the Little Ice Age pattern, we don't know what those new patterns will be.
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phal4875
The world is run by cats; we just feed them.
03:22 PM on 05/22/2012
Had the Industrial Revolution been going from 1300 CE to 1800 CE, there might not have been a Little Ice Age. The decrease in sunspots probably caused the worst of the cooling period. Carbon dioxide levels and possible methane increases will not be balanced by a lack of sunspots.
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Peter M J Hess
06:16 PM on 05/22/2012
phal4875, a lot of climate change deniers focus exclusively on temperature. Of even greater concern is CO2 levels, which are the highest they've been in 15 million years, and may push coral reefs to extinction. You would have to go back at least 15 million years to find carbon dioxide levels on Earth as high as they are today.

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/10/091008152242.htm
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thorrsman
Why should I define myself by quoting others?
09:05 PM on 05/22/2012
And then again, there might have been.

The Industrial Revolution didn't end the Little Ice Age: Current scientific thinking is that volcanic ash caused the Little Ice Age, the Industrial Revolution would not have prevented those volcanic eruptions from occurring.
02:28 PM on 05/21/2012
'It matters to me ......'. But you believe you will have a life after death. That Heaven, ulltimately, will be paramount.: you will be OK . Minus that belief, your concern for future generations would strike a deeper chord because you would know that this world is all there is and all we have.
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Peter M J Hess
01:40 AM on 05/22/2012
You make false assumptions.
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phal4875
The world is run by cats; we just feed them.
03:24 PM on 05/22/2012
Nearly all species that ever lived have now gone extinct. Why should we be any different? We may be just one more short-term and failed experiment in evolution.
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Peter M J Hess
04:00 PM on 05/22/2012
We likely will go extinct, and will bring many other species along with us.