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Rabbi Eric H. Yoffie

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Religion Is Divisive and Conservative -- and a Very Good Thing

Posted: 01/18/12 07:39 AM ET

I am a person of liberal convictions, and I spend most of my time with other liberals. Many of my friends share my liberal political views but recoil from my liberal religious beliefs. The reason that they give most frequently is that "religion is divisive and conservative."

My answer is always the same: "You are absolutely right."

Religion, I tell them, is divisive because it deals with important matters -- above all, the search for holiness and God and the struggle to determine the ultimate values that guide our lives. As human beings contend with these questions, they will offer multiple answers; this has been so since the time of Babel. Indeed, I am always amused that my liberal friends who are so insistent on pluralism in the political realm are so surprised and put off by pluralism in the religious realm. But a diversity of views on religious question is inevitable and desirable. Matters of right, wrong, and the character of the sacred are never simple. Theology, precisely because it deals with weighty and difficult subjects, is a discipline of hard edges.

You are stuck, I go on, in a childish, simplistic mindset that sees religion as a gentle, "let's all get along" affair. But no one needs religion for that. And any religion that, from time to time, is not intellectually ferocious in asserting its idea of the good -- as opposed to someone else's idea of the good -- is not a religion to be taken seriously.

At this point in the argument, my friends look at me with a smirk. You have made my case, they say. Aware of what they are thinking, I acknowledge the underside of religion. Ferocious intellectual arguments about what is moral and what God expects of us can take an extremist turn. They can become an instrument to separate those with our beliefs from the despised "other" who thinks differently. They can become a rationale to hate and even to kill.

But in most instances, I point out, exactly the opposite is true. We humans are essentially communal beings, and in our search for meaning, we build communities with others who share our values. And despite our very significant differences and our claims of superiority, it is fascinating that all major religious traditions end up asserting two basic truths. The first is the fundamental dignity of every human being -- a dignity that can only come from without and not from within; and the second is our capacity for a deep and sincere compassion that enables us to go beyond ourselves and to feel the pain of others.

True, religious people often begin by feeling this compassion for those in their own narrow community, embracing and comforting only those who attend their church or synagogue or mosque, who share their rituals, and who define morality in their terms. But what we see, from the American experience above all, is that once we have learned to relate to our own community with dignity and compassion, we rather quickly acquire the capacity to relate to others in the same way.

Yes, strong views can be dangerous, but, I insist to my friends, once we accept religion's divisiveness we can get something back from it. And that something is that religion ultimately leads to healing far more often than it leads to hate. And that is why religious Americans, as Robert Putnam has demonstrated, are, as a general rule, more charitable, more caring, and better citizens than other Americans.

Regarding the conservative nature of religion, I argue that religion is conservative because it resists the tyranny of the new and the culture of now. It asserts that when we decide on the matters of greatest consequence, we must give a hearing to the sages of old and to the sacred texts that record their voices. The religious world, it should be said, does not agree on how much attention should be paid to these voices. For fundamentalists, it is their holy writings that matter most; for religious liberals such as myself, ancient teachings must be interpreted in light of reason and modern realities. Yet both camps defer, in some significant measure, to the wisdom of those who came before.

But such deference can only be welcome. Religion rejects the arrogance of those who assume that by virtue of the fact that they are here now, living and breathing at this moment, they possess greater insight into the human condition than revered teachers of old. Religion gives the dead a vote. It says that when we want to repair the spirit and learn about kindness and compassion, the teachings of our ancestors are indispensable.

My conclusion: religion is indeed divisive and conservative -- and it is also a very good thing.

 
 
 
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11:10 AM on 01/19/2012
The claim at the end seems backwards. The non-religious person can give great credit to the writings of Plato or Descartes (or even Jesus) while also admiring Thomas Nagel or Peter Singer. They are all human beings trying to answer important questions about the world.

The religious community tends to ascribe divine sanction to a small number of ancient works giving them a special status over the new. There could be advantages to an emphasis on the old. But it is far from obvious. We tend to value the ideas we grow up with which puts the new at an immediate disadvantage.

But granting divinity to a certain set of ideas is usually not a good way to advance liberal ideas, nor is it a good way to reason.
08:39 AM on 01/19/2012
The problem with religious extremism is not that it is religious, but that it is an expression of the ancient human compulsion for autocratic control of the group over the individual. We have noted that the scale and complexity of modern civilization tends to tip the balance away from the equity, compassion and individual dignity that the closeness of a small hunter/gatherer group assures. And we have responded with constitutional government; a bill of rights; due process of the law. Often the evangelist will declare that the solution to our woes as a country is for everyone to get closer to God, but often what is intended is to enforce moral conformity with the wishes of their God at the cost of individual self expression, freedom and mutual respect. The mission is biological, not religious. Theocracy is how to make the world a better place.

What I find vexing is that debating the accuracy of the dogma is entirely irrelevant to the issues that matter. It's not like getting someone to intellectually admit that the world really is more than 10,000 years old is going to change the mission. It's not about rational argument. The science/religion debate merely distracts from the real problem. At the most fundamental level, It's not about religion. It's time to talk about the impact of the religious right on our constitutional government and our respect for each other as individuals.
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WoolyBumblebee
Creator of TruthAndOblivion.com
08:29 AM on 01/19/2012
"religion ultimately leads to healing far more often than it leads to hate. And that is why religious Americans, as Robert Putnam has demonstrated, are, as a general rule, more charitable, more caring, and better citizens than other Americans."

Oh the delusions are strong with this author.
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Philip J Sparrow
When your work speaks for itself, keep quiet
10:04 AM on 01/19/2012
I believe the charity aspect is actually correct, but it is hardly sufficient evidence to conclude that they must necessarily be "better citizens". How would one even define the 'good citizen'? You could just as easily point to statistics which demonstrate that atheists/agnostics are far less likely to be imprisoned. Surely abiding by the law is the most fundamental aspect of citizenship.
10:26 AM on 01/19/2012
Giving to churches does not mean that almost all of that money goes to real use charities with people. The charitable donations that include money given to churches over infalte the actual money going for charitable use. One of the least known facts is that a great deal of the money brought into churches, most of it, does not go for charitable use to the acutual people or service of them. Whereas those that aren't religious choose their charities primarily based on their own beliefs and the issues they want to help. For example we have many people that give locally here to help poor and elderly families in my town. Most of that doesn't show up in tax returns and a substantial amount doesn't involve churches.
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Kenneth Knapp III
02:02 AM on 01/19/2012
"Religion gives the dead a vote." Yeah, that's actually part of the problem. In truth, it doesn't give the dead a vote. It gives the living who are able to convince you they have the correct interpretation of a dead man's words a weightier vote. The founders of every major religion would roll over in their graves if they were aware of how their "vote" is being put to use. You are right about one thing, though. We should take "intellectually ferocious" (I'd have written "dogmatically ferocious" to be more accurate.) religions seriously; we must recognize the severe evil they can perpetrate and stop that before it happens. Religion is conservative and divisive, and no, that's not a good thing. We don't need religion to figure out right and wrong, how to live in community, or learn kindness and compassion. The sooner your religious types figure out you don't have an ethical monopoly, the better.
10:03 AM on 01/19/2012
"We don't need religion to figure out right and wrong, how to live in community, or learn kindness and compassion­."

This is a bit too facile an assertion to make after two-thousand years of Judeo-Christian influence over the West following the demise of the decidedly non-compassionate empires of the ancient world.
11:17 AM on 01/19/2012
Persian rule before their defeat by Alexander the Great, was compassionate. In fact, they treated the exiled jews with respect and relative freedom. The Jews themselves absorbed the traditions of the Persian religion and changed their on religion from that. When they returned to their homeland, they brought their new changed belief systems. The influence was from other areas. The belief systems in Turkey and Persian fundamentally changed the belief system of what became christianity.
So the point of this, is that we have a long complicated history of people, institutions, politics and ideas that are mixed. The compassion of the Christians church when it came into absolute power was mixed. The abuses were high. The Christian church inherited the Roman empire and forced its rule. Compassion? I'd be very careful about making too many statements about that.
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Kenneth Knapp III
09:48 PM on 01/19/2012
As Lucy points out, the Judeo-Christian tradition certainly did not invent compassion. Many other cultures in many other parts of the world have understood quite well that you treat your own, at least, well, and several have expanded that compassion to include others who weren't their neighbors. When Christianity began to dominate the Western world, it may have been true that several non-compassionate empires met their demise before then, but it was not the demise of a lack of compassion. The Catholic Church, along with every other iteration of Christianity thereafter, committed plenty of their own abuses, against their own and others alike. But then, I suppose you don't consider burning alleged witches at the stake that immoral.
researcher
researcher
11:47 PM on 01/18/2012
"And that is why religious Americans, as Robert Putnam has demonstrated, are, as a general rule, more charitable, more caring, and better citizens than other Americans".

really you believe that. a christian nation with 47 million without health insurance because corp profts are more important than health insurance for all of its citizens.

pre existing medical conditions to deny coverage to those that need it most so corporations can make better profits and CEO's mega bonuses.

a christian nation that spends 40% of its federal budget on its war machine. large amount of americans homeless. large amount on food stamps. large amount living in poverty.

religious americans that support an ideology of profits over people.

do some research and find out how much of a churches budget actually goes to feed the poor. most is for admin costs and evangel church planting.
11:13 PM on 01/18/2012
"And any religion that, from time to time, is not intellectually ferocious in asserting its idea of the good -- as opposed to someone else's idea of the good -- is not a religion to be taken seriously. "

Our whole political system is founded on the idea that it's better if it doesn't; that religion should only be a matter of personal faith and not an arbiter of the public good, because that has always led to tyranny in the past. Better the state should be founded on personal freedom and due process of the law than the moral mission of divinely inspired authority.
10:51 PM on 01/18/2012
There's a difference between pluralism and divisiveness. The two are not synonymous. Liberals aren't concerned about religious diversity--they are concerned about divisiveness growing out of that pluralism.
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alicks
10:15 PM on 01/18/2012
That was pretty wishy-washy; I'm not convinced. I think we can still achieve all of the good described in the article without having religion. After all, it's true, we are all human and we want to create a sense of community with others. There are plenty of other things in this world we can use to relate to each other. Just like there will always be things in this world we don't all agree on, effectively providing us with a healthy dose of divisiveness. And this way, we wouldn't have all those nasty by-products of religion.
08:56 PM on 01/18/2012
"Budai was an itinerant monk who gave dharma talks in the villages he visited. The women swooned over his comely appearance. They amassed in throngs to sit at his feet. Budai seeing that these ladies came to him not for the dharma but for his beauty ate food in abundance and gained weight so that he would no longer appear attractive. He meandered from village to village with a huge sack chock full of goodies for the children and delighted in giving them candies. His image is preserved with a visage exuding joy and a childlike innocence as little children in swaddling clothes delight in climbing up his extended arms. For Budai there is no need for intellectual ferocity, no need for difference and no need for taking a conservative stance. Only to be childlike and lead a simple life."

"Rabbenu Zal (Our teacher of blessed memory) has taught that happiness is the key to approaching the divine. Always cultivate joy. And so we learn that religion, if it is to be called such, cannot be but this cultivation of happiness. Then there is no need for solemnity, that is, for the sternness of the House of Shammai."

Quotes from Afar
Ananda b'Simcha
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methodman
08:44 PM on 01/18/2012
Thanks for attempting to wrestle ground away from the evangelicals and baptists. Access to academic materials as well as academics on many things being rewritten so that how one in the past was an advanced example is explained so that many people are more sophisticated so the middle ground where liberal and alchemy and astrology may not be as useful as a beginning into various categorizations theology. The other issue is that Liberal ideas don't get TV time while the hostile anger which is easy to see gives us blisters and rashes where ever we look. Going to churches is like giving myself a rash. I see and share absolutely no desire to attend. I always went as a kid but the adult community is not filled with people who I have any desire to know.
08:23 PM on 01/18/2012
"The first is the fundamental dignity of every human being -- a dignity that can only come from without and not from within; and the second is our capacity for a deep and sincere compassion that enables us to go beyond ourselves and to feel the pain of others."

Seriously? And you find this in modern society? You have found this in ancient society even?

Religion doesn't give people empathy. It gives people a threat of eternal punishment if they don't pretend to be nice to other people.
10:08 AM on 01/19/2012
I can't speak for all religions but Christianity gives no such threat.
08:20 PM on 01/18/2012
"Religion rejects the arrogance of those who assume that by virtue of the fact that they are here now, living and breathing at this moment, they possess greater insight into the human condition than revered teachers of old. "

Okay, at one time peope like Isaac and Moses were "here now." And they changed their religion, in this case yours. So, why are these guys correct and someone today who wants religion to be different wrong? I mean, didn't Isaac and Moses have revered teachers of old back then as well?
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Andres64
Religion is a sectually transmitted disease.
09:36 PM on 01/18/2012
--"Religion rejects the arrogance of those who assume that by virtue of the fact that they are here now, living and breathing at this moment, they possess greater insight into the human condition than revered teachers of old. "

Religion does exactly the opposite. Christians, in particular are sure that the universe, with more stars (and likely planets) than grains of sand in the world, was all created for them. The believe that they can live forever. Religion IS arrogance.
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QuarkGluonSoup
10:34 PM on 01/18/2012
do they think that? how do you know? they sure seem not to think that
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Gentleman Agitator
"...morality is, in fact, hidden in everything.."
01:53 PM on 01/19/2012
Christians do not believe the Universe was created for them. God created it for God's glory.
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Bones Rhodes
07:25 PM on 01/18/2012
"My conclusion: religion is indeed divisive and conservative -- and it is also a very good thing."

Two outta' three ain't bad: in fact, it's good enough for Meatloaf to make a hit song.
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jollywhitegiant
Please, think responsibly.
07:17 PM on 01/18/2012
"Regarding the conservative nature of religion, I argue that religion is conservative because it resists the tyranny of the new and the culture of now. It asserts that when we decide on the matters of greatest consequence, we must give a hearing to the sages of old and to the sacred texts that record their voices."

Oh how we've succumbed to the tyranny of the new! Lo how awful is it that this modernity, this stinking heap of innovation, has come to subvert a culture of antiquity! How banal it is that we give a hearing to those who brought us out of the Dark Ages and into the Enlightenment! What tragedy it is for us to have come so far in the fields of medicine that we can save millions from disease by giving them rubber things for their ding-a-lings! How horrible it must be for us to save the lives of pregnant women at the expense of a cluster of cells less intelligent than a fly!

What barbarism it is for us to respect our noble women in place of honor killings and enslaved servitude! Such lunacy have we exhibited as we consult Hawkings and Einstein in our understanding of the stars in place of Saints Matthew and Luke! How deranged it is that we acknowledge theft and murder as immoral without the invocation of such rust and rancorous texts as the Bible!
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QuarkGluonSoup
08:05 PM on 01/18/2012
the enlightenment and modern science were born out of the church. actually all of modern society came out of the Christian church
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Kenneth Knapp III
02:09 AM on 01/19/2012
Repeating that particular falsehood over and over will never make it true, nor will it ever make it any less egotistically eurocentric.
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Philip J Sparrow
When your work speaks for itself, keep quiet
02:13 AM on 01/19/2012
I doubt Galileo, Spinoza or Voltaire would agree.
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judgeholden79
You, Never? Did the Kenosha Kid?
06:22 PM on 01/18/2012
So the Lord orders Saul: "Now go and strike Amalek and devote to destruction all that they have. Do not spare them, but kill both man and woman, and infant, ox and sheep, camel and donkey." Saul disobeyed and he lost his kingdom. David obeyed, and earned the Lord's favor. This is but one example of this sort of thing. There are many. What does this teach about human dignity? That the Lord endows it and can take it away, and that mankind's sole purpose is to do obseqious service to God. The triumph of the Enlightenment was to stand up to this idea. Religion had thousands of years to teach us about rights and dignity. It is only when we started to turn away from it that we made any real progress.
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Tomaniac
Science keeps us from lying to ourselves
08:22 PM on 01/18/2012
Exactly and the religious right would like nothing better than to take this country back to the dark ages and usher in the apocalypse.
10:12 AM on 01/19/2012
There were no dark ages. Progress continued undisturbed from the fall of Rome to the modern day.
10:16 AM on 01/19/2012
"Real progress?" LOL! Without the influence of Judeo-Christianity odds are that this would still be a world operating on the manual labor of slaves and modern science would never have arisen.