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Rabbi Geoffrey A. Mitelman

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The Beauty in Science and the Beauty in Judaism

Posted: 11/07/2011 3:24 pm

Think about the most inspiring piece of art you have ever looked at. Or the most powerful book you have ever read. Or the most moving play or movie you've seen.

Now -- why did you find it so beautiful?

There were probably any number of reasons -- it may have changed the way you thought about things. It might have emotionally affected you. It almost certainly stuck with you afterwards.

But despite the fact that whatever you chose was personal and subjective, there seem to be certain facets of beauty that cut across all genres, times and places. Educator Howard Gardner argues in his book Truth, Beauty and Goodness Reframed that there are three main elements of beauty: we find something beautiful if it is interesting, if it is memorable and if it is has a "pull" to it, leading us to continually come back to it.

In fact, it's that third factor, what he calls the "invitation to revisit," that is the sine qua non of beauty. The most beautiful objects are ones we can't seem to leave alone -- there always seems to be more to them than meets the eye at first glance, and the more we experience them, the more we appreciate them. And Gardner explains that this "invitation to revisit" could arise from several possible factors: "one likes the experience, one has curiosity to learn or to understand better, or one has a feeling of awe..." (53)

But what's fascinating is that two of those elements -- curiosity and awe -- are two of the driving forces behind both science and Judaism. They are what lead us to see their inherent beauty.

The beauty of science was eloquently described by Nobel-Prize winning physicist Richard Feynman, who talked about what he saw when looked at a flower:

As he says, while he could appreciate the surface beauty of a flower as well as anyone else, knowing about the science broadened and deepened his experience: "I see much more about the flower... I could imagine the cells in there, the complicated actions inside, which also have a beauty...It adds...[a]ll kinds of interesting questions which the science knowledge only adds to the excitement, the mystery and the awe of a flower." So a fuller understanding of science gave him a richer sense of beauty. And notice what specifically what enriched it: curiosity and awe.

So how do these two elements give us a sense of beauty both in science and in Judaism?

Curiosity

As Feynman tells us, the more questions we can ask about something, and the more ways we can look it, the deeper our appreciation of it will be. Indeed, curiosity in science almost demands an "invitation to revisit," asking how we can look at the same set of facts in a new way, and looking to see how an answer to one question leads to a whole host of new ones.

But that same process also guides the study of Jewish texts.

Study in Judaism begins with the Torah. But when we study Torah, we are not supposed to stop at the p'shat, the simple, literal level of the text. Instead, we are primarily seeking to create drashot, inerpretations of the text. We are asking, "What are the unspoken assumptions here? What other questions do we need to ask? What are the different ideas that this text is trying to teach, and how many different ways can we read it?"

We do this because while the text is static, we are dynamic. While we read the same words each day, each week, and each year in our prayerbook and in our Torah, what we take away from them changes. We revisit the same texts because when we repeatedly come back to the same words, we find new meaning in them and new ways to discover values that guide our actions. The text is the always the same -- but we are not.

And so curiosity, asking new questions, always wondering "What else could this mean?", leads us to revisit both scientific data and Jewish texts, and elevates our sense of beauty in both realms.

Awe

Science easily gives us a deep sense of wonder, whether we are looking out onto the vast reaches of space, or are examining how our mind works, or are wondering how the variegated species on this earth arose. But even as we intellectually explore those ideas, there will always be an emotional aspect to that experience that we cannot describe in words.

After all, when we feel a moment of awe, we are not seeking to analyze or describe it. Our most powerful experiences, our most wondrous moments, our most significant encounters simply cannot be put into words, let alone dissected and scrutinized. Indeed, it is that very inability to describe those experiences that makes them so beautiful.

And as Rabbi Abraham Joshua Heschel explains in his landmark book God in Search of Man, that sense of ineffability is the root of religion, as well:

[I]n religious and artistic thinking, the disparity between that which we encounter and that which is expressed in words and symbols, no words and symbols can adequately convey. In our religious situation we do not comprehend the transcendent; we are present at it, we witness it. Whatever we know is inadequate; whatever we say is an understatement. We have an awareness that is deeper than our concepts; we possess insights that are not accessible to the power of expression...


The roots of ultimate insights are found...not on the level of discursive thinking, but on the level of wonder and radical amazement, in the depth of awe, in our sensitivity to the mystery, in our awareness of the ineffable. It is the level on which the great things happen to the soul, where the unique insights of art, religion and philosophy come into being.


[Our experience of God] is the result of wonder and radical amazement, of awe before the mystery and meaning of the totality of life beyond our rational discerning. Faith is the response to the mystery, shot through with meaning; the response to a challenge which no one can forever ignore. (116-117)


So no matter how often we look at a sunset, we will never cease to be amazed by it. No matter how accurately we understand the way babies develop in the womb, when we hold our child for the first time, we will never stop calling it "the miracle of birth." We are simply overwhelmed by those experiences.

And so religion, as Heschel argues, is how we respond to that sense of awe. Religion doesn't begin with trying to prove the existence of God. It doesn't even begin with asking whether we "believe in God" or not. It begins with a moment of mystery. And even if we can scientifically explain that mystery, it will never lose its emotional impact.

Indeed, while curiosity broadens our minds, awe deepens our souls.

Turn it and turn it

Ultimately, it's that combination of curiosity and awe, that mixture of breadth and depth, that joining of head and heart that allows us to see the beauty not only in science, but in Judaism, as well.

In Pirkei Avot, Ben Bag Bag taught that there is always more to Torah than meets the eye. And so we are to "turn it and turn it, because everything is in it." (Avot 5:21) But it's not that the Torah has all the answers -- it's that the more we turn it and turn it, the more we learn about ourselves and our place in the world.

Because there is beauty when we see connections that we had not made before. There is beauty when we discover things we never knew. And there is beauty when we realize just how much we don't know.

After all, the most beautiful things are ones we keep coming back to -- not because the objects themselves have changed, but because we ourselves are constantly discovering new levels of meaning within them.

 

Follow Rabbi Geoffrey A. Mitelman on Twitter: www.twitter.com/RabbiMitelman

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Think about the most inspiring piece of art you have ever looked at. Or the most powerful book you have ever read. Or the most moving play or movie you've seen. Now -- why did you find it so beautifu...
Think about the most inspiring piece of art you have ever looked at. Or the most powerful book you have ever read. Or the most moving play or movie you've seen. Now -- why did you find it so beautifu...
 
 
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10:55 AM on 11/30/2011
Proof of God's Existence (VIDEO!) http://wp.me/p1Jt6N-jO via @wordpressdotcom
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Allan Richter
10:14 PM on 11/13/2011
“Does Abraham gives his guests milk and meat together?” (Mitelman)

It would have been permitted. Abraham was not in possession of the Torah. Torah was revealed six generations latter to Moses. The basic laws which Abraham taught were the Noachide laws. In Jewish legal tradition “Noachide” is a “term of art” and means universal.

God gave humanity six categories of commandments through Adam and Eve. Ten generations latter he added an additional Commandment and gave these seven commandments or seven categories of morals and law to humanity through Noah and Noah’s family, God gave them to humanity’s common ancestors for the good of all mankind, forever. Noah’s descendants failed to properly transmit them. Ten generations after Noah, God taught these same seven Commandments or categories of law to Abraham. It is these Seven Commandments which constitute the universal code which guides all human behavior.

The Sinai revelation was specific to Israel and not binding on "the nations".
04:14 PM on 11/13/2011
Just read Baruch Spinoza and David Hume. This has ALL been covered before.
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Jacob Aud
01:06 AM on 11/11/2011
Behind the Design—A Designer!

Associate professor of biochemistry Michael Behe stated that one result of recent discoveries within the living cell "is a loud, clear, piercing cry of 'design!'" He added that this result of efforts to study the cell "is so unambiguous and so significant that it must be ranked as one of the greatest achievements in the history of science."

Understandably, evidence of a Designer creates problems for those who adhere to the theory of evolution, for evolution cannot account for the sophisticated design within living things, especially at the cellular and molecular levels. "There are compelling reasons," says Behe, "to think that a Darwinian explanation for the mechanisms of life will forever prove elusive."

http://www.watchtower.org/e/20000122/article_02.htm
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zwyziec
We've Peaked!
12:17 AM on 11/11/2011
What is it with all these articles about Judaism?

Jews represent 1.7% of the USA population and only 13,300,000 out of 7,000,000,000 people in the world.

Why not more articles about Shamanism, Wiccans or Druids for example.
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DeniseA
Most Americans support Israel.
07:23 PM on 11/19/2011
Maybe, it's partly because Judaism is the base for Christianity, and there are millions & millions of Christians.
Google any religion that interests you. I bet you'll find plenty of info.
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mynamesyow
Scientist, Gonzo, Champion of the Poor
03:21 PM on 11/09/2011
The 22 letters of the Ancient hebrew language were used both as an alphabet as well as mathematical enumerations. So they were simultaneously able to talk about God while also perfecting their ability to do Calculations...until modern day Jews are recognized for not only their Religion but their tremendously gifted scientific thinkers and contributions...
So their Faith has never seemed to get in the Way of their Science.
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mynamesyow
Scientist, Gonzo, Champion of the Poor
03:05 PM on 11/09/2011
Good Article.
I am a cell biologist as well as a person of Faith
and the divide between the two is fine by me. One does not intrude on the Other and I can talk about Evolution in terms of a Reasoned testable theory as well as Faith as something that requires a leap off the Edge of Reason. This causes no Conflict for me and does quite the opposite makes me appreciate what I believe to be an even deeper underlying Harmony...
Embracing both sides led me to become a very balanced, and happy individual...
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DeniseA
Most Americans support Israel.
07:24 PM on 11/19/2011
How is evolution testable? I'm not being a smart alec; I really am curious.
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mynamesyow
Scientist, Gonzo, Champion of the Poor
11:34 AM on 11/21/2011
Evolution is testable on a microbiological level, bacteria and viruses and such swap parts of their genome all the time for pieces that allow better resistance to environmental stressors.
And on a genetic level you can test similiar organisms/species and extrapolate backwards how much their genomes have in "common" and then analyze the differences and (given known and accepted mutation/change rates) how far back those differences diverged/emerged. And usually you can find or point ot an environmental change or stressor that led to that divergence around that Time.
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Treehuggindirtworshiper
“Dum Spiro, spero- As long as I breathe, I hope.
12:09 AM on 11/09/2011
It's amazing to me when non-believers post on any religious article other than Christianity they are respectful. I have yet to see any bullying or name calling. Same God but totally different reaction. Fascinating!
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Bob Metcalfe
Caught at 1st. slip trying to cut
10:27 PM on 11/09/2011
How's this then. 'It's all rubbish.' .... 'They're all cults'.... You obviously havn't been looking. I'll respect their beliefs when they stop patronising mine.
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Treehuggindirtworshiper
“Dum Spiro, spero- As long as I breathe, I hope.
09:03 AM on 11/10/2011
I for one NEVER patronize, bully or name call. I do how ever correct people when they post false or misleading information. Peace.
04:12 PM on 11/13/2011
As Elie Wiesel noted; "The left hates Israel while the right hates the Jews". We've had a long time to grow a fairly thick skin over other people's hatreds of us. This is part of what makes it so inviting to heap abuse on us, we're not likely to burn down your house.
09:27 PM on 11/08/2011
Lots of good scientists believe good science can be revelatory. Sure. Why not?
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mynamesyow
Scientist, Gonzo, Champion of the Poor
03:08 PM on 11/09/2011
And in fact alot of the 'Old School' Physicists who see to much 'coincidence' in the perfect balance of all the Universal constants have even turned to inventing something they call "metaphysics' where the question of an underlying Creator is left ambiguous on purpose since it has no real bearing on the underlying Mathematics...
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Allan Richter
08:21 PM on 11/08/2011
“Study in Judaism begins with the Torah. But when we study Torah, we are not supposed to stop at the p'shat, the simple, literal level of the text. We do this because while the text is static, we are dynamic. “

True as far as it goes. Curiosity and awe are elements of both the Torah approach as well as the scientific approach. However, Torah seeks the holy. Many beautiful, creative, worthwhile things and ideas that are not holy.

There are traditionally four levels of Torah interpretation, including literal, considered authentic. The Rabbi is not referring to the highest level or “hidden” (Kaballah), nor to Israel’s normative tradition.

At its highest level Torah is a dynamic “blue print of creation”, governing the relationship between God and creation for all time. Mystics deconstruct Torah allowing it to express infinite meaning.

The “law” is interpreted rationally and grows out of the social needs of a living community. It has its own hermeneutics. It is not approached homiletically, mystical interpretations are forbidden.

Torah is not “dogmatic”. Immutability is guaranteed by practice, I.e. “law”, rather than theosophy or homiletically derived exegesis. Behavior is regulated, the mind is free. There is no conflict with science.

Many Jews have abandoned Jewish norms and misunderstand the purpose of exegesis. This results in “moral relativity” which is totally alien to traditional Torah.
This user has chosen to opt out of the Badges program
10:48 AM on 11/08/2011
The beauty of our God who would glorify His Son and therefore give all of His creation an everlasting life.
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ProofRequired
Taking back the human race, one believer at a time
12:44 PM on 11/08/2011
Ah, an everlasting life enduring an eternity of hellfire if you commit the ultimate sin of not being born into a Christian family. I like to call it the Lineage Lotto, where pretty much everything is on the line!
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busterggi
I'm a Sally Randian
03:19 PM on 11/08/2011
Ah, but which Christian family? There are thousands of flavors and all believe the others are false and damned as much as non-Christians.

Unlike the lotto, you can win if you don't play.
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Jacob Aud
06:51 AM on 11/09/2011
Does the Bible teach that those not "born into a Christian family" will die?

I suggest to research this topic in the Bible a bit closer and in context of the Hebrew and Greek Scriptures... THEN you will find the truth of what the Bible Really Teaches...

[[Who will be resurrected? Jesus said that “all those in the memorial tombs will hear his [Jesus’] voice and come out.” (John 5:28, 29) ...The apostle Paul said: “There is going to be a resurrection of both the righteous and the unrighteous.” (Acts 24:15) What does that mean?

“The righteous” include many of the people we read about in the Bible who lived before Jesus came to the earth. You might think of Noah, Abraham, Sarah, Moses, Ruth, Esther, and many others. But “the righteous” also include Jehovah’s servants who die in our time... —Hebrews 2:15.

What about all the people who did not serve or obey Jehovah because they never knew about him? These billions of “unrighteous” ones will not be forgotten. They too will be resurrected and given time to learn about the true God and to serve him. During a period of a thousand years, the dead will be resurrected and given an opportunity to join faithful humans on earth in serving Jehovah. It will be a wonderful time. This period is what the Bible refers to as Judgment Day.]]

http://www.watchtower.org/e/bh/article_07.htm
A-Superstitionist
Keep thy superstitions to thyself and out of laws
08:08 AM on 11/08/2011
There is beauty in science as Richard Dawkins has explained in all of his books.

There may be beauty in superstition but ONLY if books of superstition are acknowledged to be myth at best that are very often taken as a reason to discriminate, suppress individual freedoms and stuff superstition down society's throat through anti-women, anti-homosexual, anti-contraception, anti-freedom of choice, anti-euthanasia, anti-stem cell research, anti-same sex marriage, ... laws.
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bmcombs
Liberal, Gay, Atheist - The Whole Package
07:59 AM on 11/08/2011
I'm over posts on this site that attempt to talk about science and religion at the same time when dealing with completely different aspects as a way to boost the relevance of religion. It is like a child trying to validate their electric potato by comparing it to a nuclear power plant "both light a light bulb!"

Claiming that because both science and religion produce curiosity and awe is silly. Science can produce curiosity and awe in everyone - because it is real. You don't have to follow any dogma to be amazed at the idea that the universe is billions of years old, that all life on this planet started from a single cell or that some flowers grow just the right way so that just the right insect or bird can pollinate it. All of these things can be awe inspiring when simply told about them.

Religion on the other hand, and particularly Judaism, can only provide a sense of awe and curiosity if you supplant reason with superstition and believe it. Saying that there is awe and curiosity in the Torah, really? Some could say that about all the delicate intricacies of the Harry Potter series if one began to deeply interpret it. That doesn't really make it awe inspiring (in fact if someone dedicated their life to just that and based a morality and scriptural superiority around it we would think they were nuts).
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GraphicMatt
Somebody make me a sandwich!
12:06 PM on 11/08/2011
That was pretty long winded for someone claiming to be "over posts on this site that.......".
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JewishPhysician
fraternity, trust, discourse
04:11 PM on 11/11/2011
God is True. If you want to dispute God, good luck. The world sees things a little differently. I did not believe in God much as a kid but as I grew older, he made himself very clear to me. The Bible says that God speaks to man, but most men are unable to perceive his presence or words. That is always the case.
06:34 AM on 11/08/2011
Good try! I do understand that your intent is to reach out to Science and I am sure Science appreciates that. The way you write is very attractive and indeed seductive.

The question now is how not to sound churlish whilst disagreeing with you. Unfortunately, the comparisons you make sound great at a surface, skim read, level but just do not stack up. As another poster has said Feynman appreciated both the human ability to feel awe and felt it enhanced by,say, understanding how the reflected wavelength of light creates the colours of a flower. He absolutely did not then ascribe any deific meaning to the flower.In which case the correct comparison should be that the Torah has no more meaning than simply existing and is interesting as a collection of texts, as paper and ink or at an anthrpological level and no more. But that is not the point you are making.

Surely, the point should be that the ability to experience awe (in the same way as fear, love, cold, heat, tension.....) is fantastic but that the feeling of awe toward the Torah deserves no more importance than a sunset or a pretty flower or anything else that each of us considers worthy.
07:31 AM on 11/08/2011
Your disagreeing points are irrelevant. The article is dealing with experience and responses to experience. This individual is not attempting to reach out to science (why the capitalization?), but is illustrating a fundamental human response to beauty through awe and curiosity. This experience is one shared by both scientists and people of religion.

The author did not make the claim that Feynmen said anything about the Torah. Instead what is being pointed out is that a methodology proposed by Feynmen is equally as applicable and accurate for the Torah for those who find beauty in it.

Something about missing the forest for the trees, here.
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bmcombs
Liberal, Gay, Atheist - The Whole Package
08:00 AM on 11/08/2011
I think the comment is attempting to figure out why this post is so desperate to link their religion with science when they are using an invalid comparison.
10:55 AM on 11/08/2011
Thankyou to BMCombs. You are indeed in my wood and can see my trees.

Shane - I am afraid that YOUR (for emphasis - just in case you were getting concerned at my use of capitals once again) comment is irrelevant (dont you just love a shouting match - are you angry about something Shane?).

By pointing out the methodology used by Feynman the author was precisely trying to align science and religion as similar. The fact that it was attempted in such a subtle way obviously passed you by.
03:57 AM on 11/08/2011
Religion is really very cool, as long as you don't believe in any of the stuff that is written in holy books.
07:35 AM on 11/08/2011
Why would anyone discard the facts or the gnomic wisdom just because there are inaccuracies as well? By your logic we should abandon all history books, all math books, all language books, usw, since they are not 100% accurate all the time.
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bmcombs
Liberal, Gay, Atheist - The Whole Package
08:03 AM on 11/08/2011
I think his point is that these books are supposed to be inspired by god - but the almighty failed to proof-read or fact check his own book before publishing. If the content in the books is inaccurate - then why would we accept the larger goal of the book that there is a god? It seems that they all invalidate themselves fairly quickly.

As far as throwing out history books - if a history book was riddled with errors (and some are) do you continue viewing that source as legitimate? I would guess that you discard it and find another source to use. However, that does not happen with religion. We know it is wrong but people continue going back for more.