More

Featuring fresh takes and real-time analysis from HuffPost's signature lineup of contributors
Rabbi Rachel Kahn-Troster

GET UPDATES FROM Rabbi Rachel Kahn-Troster
 

Stories of Loss and Chaos: The Ninth of Av and the 10th Anniversary of 9/11

Posted: 08/08/11 06:00 PM ET

Stories change with every retelling -- sometimes the details and sometimes the meaning. The 10th anniversary of the Sept. 11 attacks will be here soon, and then the stories will begin again.

I was in New York on 9/11. From a bus entering the Lincoln Tunnel, I saw the fireball go up when the second plane hit the twin towers, and I remember that in the days that immediately followed, every gathering or chance encounter began with the telling of our 9/11 stories. Over time, as the chaos and pain and ruin moved into the background, the ritual of the telling of stories diminished, only to resurface as summer moves into fall, reminiscent of a blue-skied day when the world fell apart.

The Fast of Tisha B'Av, which begins this year on the night of Aug. 8, has been a way for the Jewish community to confront and contain trauma through the telling of stories. First established to commemorate the destruction of First Temple in B.C.E. 586, it has become the day to relive the trauma of many other national calamities: the destruction of the Second Temple, the expulsion of the Jews from Spain and the Holocaust, among others. While some have decried the over-identification of calamities with this date (surely, not everything bad that has ever happened to the Jewish people began in late July or early August), there is something to be said for containing all the communal rage and pain to one day, and then on that date, letting it all pour out. We read the Book of Lamentations, and imagine ourselves to be the survivors of a ruined and desolate nation, wondering where God had gone.

The rabbis tell the story of Rabbi Yochanan Ben Zakkai and Rabbi Joshua visiting the ruins of the Second Temple after it was destroyed by the Romans in 70 C.E. Rabbi Joshua bursts into tears, anguished that the place where Israel atoned for its sins had been destroyed. Rabbi Yochanan comforts him, declaring that deeds of lovingkindness (chesed) had more power to achieve atonement and heal a broken world than sacrifice ever could. Chesed is not just something God shows us; it is our obligation to our fellow human beings in light of unimaginable tragedy. Chesed and not hatred or revenge.

Over the past six months, I struggled with how Rabbis for Human Rights-North America would commemorate the 10th anniversary of 9/11 as an organization. What is the message of a Jewish human rights organization, particularly one that has focused on the darker legacy of 9/11, the use of torture in the War on Terror and the rise of bigotry against Muslims? Would anything we said be heard as prophetic admonition, or an inspiring challenge to hold fast to our most cherished values as a nation? Doesn't the anniversary belong to those closest to the events, the survivors and families of victims, the first responders and the disaster chaplains?

One theme that has emerged in some of the interfaith settings I have posed this question to is "Remember Sept. 12." The memory of the day after 9/11 is one of unity: people reaching across boundaries of faith, race and class to connect with their neighbors, with their friends and with perfect strangers. Jews, Muslims, Christians, atheists and agnostics, we were together in our shock. It was the strength of unity that helped us survive those first days of trauma. Out of the trauma, chesed.

But it is important to acknowledge that for many people, this message of unity and chesed is completely false. After I posed "Remember Sept. 12" as a theme to a group of rabbinic colleagues, there were loud objections to what was seen as a glossing over of the experience of real pain and suffering. Many of my colleagues had counseled those who had lost family members. For some who had been in New York and D.C., the visceral memory was the fear that the planes were just the first wave of a larger, more sustained attack. Some complained that one dishonored the memory of 9/11 if he or she did not also talk about the two wars that have followed (both the soldiers who have fought and the politic quagmires that have resulted). "Remember Sept. 12" seemed like a rosy nostalgia for a day that never really was.

More recently, when I participated in the interfaith "Our Better Angels" master class for Jewish, Christian and Muslim faith leaders, one of the Muslim participants challenged the entire paradigm of telling stories about 9/11. Certain stories get privileged over others, she reminded us. For example, who remembers those people turned away from the intake centers at the piers because they lacked documentation?

How do we acknowledge the fact that one's experience of 9/11 is profoundly affected by his or her race, class and religion. How can we have unity when we aren't clear what story we are telling?

I don't know the answer. Maybe we'll just have to wait to see what Sept. 12, 2011, feels like. It took the Jewish people generations to figure out what the narrative of the destruction of the Temple on Tisha B'Av was, and we still incorporate new episodes of pain and loss into the commemoration. Even the official story is still open. As we approach the 10th anniversary of 9/11, may we have the wisdom to hear other, competing stories with hearts of chesed.

 
Stories change with every retelling -- sometimes the details and sometimes the meaning. The 10th anniversary of the Sept. 11 attacks will be here soon, and then the stories will begin again. I was i...
Stories change with every retelling -- sometimes the details and sometimes the meaning. The 10th anniversary of the Sept. 11 attacks will be here soon, and then the stories will begin again. I was i...
 
 
  • Comments
  • 42
  • Pending Comments
  • 0
  • View FAQ
Comments are closed for this entry
View All
Favorites
Recency  | 
Popularity
07:21 PM on 08/09/2011
How can we have unity when we aren't clear what story we are telling?
--------------------------------------------
Acceptance of diversity of faith, and acknowledgement of plurality of narrative should do it.
02:40 PM on 08/10/2011
Start learning the story. It's not fable and and therefore no license to acknowledge plurality.

You can claim ignorance, or separate yourself from it.

But then the problem is yours not the religions's.
02:54 PM on 08/10/2011
The only time there is only one story is when only one story survives.
12:15 PM on 08/09/2011
Reposted on Religious Freedom USA's blog
02:30 AM on 08/09/2011
Minor correction: The article states that the first temple in Jerusalem was destroyed in 686 BCE. Maybe this is just a typo, but the generally accepted date is 586 BCE. Biblical chronology, however, places the event in 607 BCE.
09:54 AM on 08/09/2011
Yes, definitely a typo! I've emailed the powers that be about correcting it ASAP.
This comment has been removed due to violations of our [Guidelines]
This comment has been removed due to violations of our [Guidelines]
photo
Larry Burstein
Proud to be an Oregonian
12:41 AM on 08/09/2011
There were no Rabbi`s at that time.................they came about at a later time
photo
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
nycpaladin
Have truth will travel
03:14 AM on 08/09/2011
Not so. But they were not considered to be full-fledged religious leaders at that time, but religious scholars.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akiva_ben_Joseph
photo
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Rachelvis
There is a difference between "your" and "you're".
12:51 PM on 08/09/2011
Read the Mishna or Pirkei Avot. Every single scholar was called "Rabi".
12:24 AM on 08/09/2011
These sentiments are nice...but Tisha B'Av is still about the history of the Jews. Many are trying to take that history away from us (see, e.g., the PA's http://palwatch.org/main.aspx?fi=157&doc_id=5093 denying Jews ever had a Temple to lose (in 586 BCE, to correct the typo) in the first place. And let us not forget the Jews who have been blown up (Mumbai) or tortured (France) or synagogues exploded in the past 10 years. It would be nice if others could hear *our* story for once, with the same civility we strive to offer others.
This user has chosen to opt out of the Badges program
03:50 AM on 08/09/2011
You seem to think that other's don't have tragedies in their past. They do. There is no special validity to those that have happened to the Jews. There is a better group memory, because of the institutionalization of memorializing such things in Judaism. In one of my ancestral families, in Ireland, over two thousand people were massacred, when the English brought guns to kill them. That group had stopped the English at the Pale, for a time. The memory of that massacre, the massacre of the Mahans, is very faint and will soon be forgotten. My grandfather was a refugee from the Austro-hungarian empire. The Austrian plan was to draft young Hungarians into the military to keep them from establishing families. My great-grandfather was mayor of a town. They put him in prison for a few months for sending his son overseas. Sound familiar?
No one can take your history away from you. They may dispute it. But I have noticed that the people who speak longest usually win. So such debates will go on for millennia. And who knows what is real after all that time?
12:19 PM on 08/09/2011
Thank you for reading. I am not denying anyone else's tragedy: The Palestinians indeed have decades of sorrow from their own leaders, from the Israelis, and from surrounding Arab lands. As regards Ireland, I think the term "Pale" was used for the limit in Russia after Catherine the Great to Jewish settlement, using the Irish Pale as a model.

No, it's just that this particular holiday is when Jews should look to themselves as a nation. (The holiday of Sukkokt/Tabernacles is the more appropriate time to look at the world---both physical and demographic---around.) Too few Jews know their own history.

You are wrong that no one can your history away from you. There are too many cultures and peoples who have indeed had their history lost or whose narratives have been translated into that of the victor. (Do you know anyone who hails from Mohenjo Daro?) If the chain across generations is broken, you've lost your history. History must be nurtured.
photo
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
BcemXAHA
Yerushalaim shel zahav
03:43 PM on 08/10/2011
By remembering what happened to the Jews, no one is denying or forgetting what happened to others. Usually it is the ones who bitterly angry and with a heavy chip on their shoulder that complain when people remember the Holocaust talk about it. If your catastrophic event was forgotten it is only because those who went through it failed to bring it up, failed to remember it.

There are plenty of Jews that deliberately forgot and some go out of their way to assign negativism to those who bring it up. But I strongly feel that it is their issue to deal with.
04:21 PM on 08/09/2011
I agree with you. I would add the 500 year experience of persecution of Jews in Christian europe. Not to blame Chritians -- living people have nothing to do with events of the past. But to remember, as you say, our history.
10:36 PM on 08/08/2011
I really liked this essay, and the questions it poses, which I agree don't have easy answers. It will be interesting to think about throughout not only Tisha b'Av, but also at other times.

Have an easy fast!
10:06 PM on 08/08/2011
Let's just have a lot less talk of religion and then we'll have a lot less violence in our lives. Let's have tolerance for everbody's kooky views but insist we all keep our religions to ourselves. Thank you.
10:27 PM on 08/08/2011
That doesn't sound very tolerant.
photo
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
jmbsjy
too old for tea parties
07:49 AM on 08/09/2011
It does to me! Live and let live.
photo
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Allan Richter
08:58 PM on 08/08/2011
“The ninth of Av is the saddest day in the Jewish calendar. It was on the ninth of Av that the Temple was destroyed and Israel went into exile. The destruction of Jerusalem and the loss of the Jewish state are not the only sad events that have occurred on the ninth of Av. The Mishnah enumerates the following:

1. On the ninth of Av it was decreed against our fathers that they would not enter the Land of Israel (Num. 14:29),

2. The Temple was destroyed both the first and second times,

3. Bethar was captured, and Jerusalem was ploughed up (M. Ta’an 4:6).

Since the time of the Mishna, many other calamitous events in Jewish history have occurred on the ninth of Av:

1. In 1290 King Edward I signed the edict compelling his Jewish subjects to leave England.

2. The expulsion from Spain occurred on the same day in 1492.

3.. Not only did this period witness the massacres perpetrated against the Jews of Eastern Europe, but it was also the prelude to World War II and the savage destruction of six million Jews.”

(Above edited from A Guide to Jewish Religious Practice by Isaac Klein)

I understand the author's point but the ninth of Ave is the saddest day in the Jewish calendar. Let us leave it at that.
This user has chosen to opt out of the Badges program
03:52 AM on 08/09/2011
Truly remarkable. I wonder if in modern times (1290, 1492) the choice of the day was deliberate?
03:49 PM on 08/10/2011
The dates in modern times apply to the Hebrew date of the Ninth of Av, the common dates are different: England was July, 18 1290, which was the order that all Jews needed to leave by Nov.1. Spain - the edict was signed in March, but the day of expulsion was July 31, 1492. Also lets not forget that Germany Declared war on Russia in 1914 on the ninth of Av.