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Randall Amster

Randall Amster

Posted: June 5, 2010 04:29 AM

Erasing Arizona: Dark-skinned Mural Faces Ordered "Lightened" to Appease Bigotry

What's Your Reaction:

It is difficult to fully explain the impacts of Arizona's burgeoning and overt anti-immigrant climate these days. To outsiders it must seem like either the inmates have finally taken over the asylum, or alternatively that someone is finally standing up to an inept federal government. To those of us living here, it further appears as either a formalized decree of misguided policies that have long been in place below the radar, or a chance to finally push a brewing agenda to its logical and necessary extreme on a statewide scale. While all of these sentiments possess a kernel of truth, more to the point is that Arizona today has in many ways simply become a veritable theater of the absurd.

To wit: legalizing racial profiling, banning ethnic studies, dismissing teachers with accents, lauding "ethnic cleansing" policies, militarizing the border, seeking to abolish the 14th Amendment (the one that makes the bill of rights applicable to the states and makes anyone born here a citizen), and more. Still, all of this pales (pun intended) to a recent localized atrocity that speaks volumes to the climate of antipathy and purification being plied here in the desert. In a twisted feat of modernized and imposed "passing," artists in Prescott have been pressured to "lighten" the dark-skinned faces on a just-completed public mural due to a backlash inspired by a city council member who said that he failed to see "anything that ties the community into that mural."

In other words, the appearance of a brown-skinned face in the mural is not reflective of the community - despite the fact that demographic data indicates that people of color comprise over 15% of the regional population, and that in Arizona as a whole this demographic represents an estimated one-third of the state's inhabitants. In fact, and as a partial explanation for the mural flap, a 2008 population trend study commissioned by Yavapai College shows that the percentage of nonwhite residents in the area has doubled in the last twenty years and is continuing to rise. Mirroring patterns seen statewide, one can sense the backlash from people attempting to maintain the "old guard" status quo of well-defined power and race relations in the face of rapid change, as reflected in this comment from Prescott City Councilman and local radio host Steve Blair about the disputed mural:

"I am not a racist individual, but I will tell you depicting a black guy in the middle of that mural, based upon who's president of the United States today and based upon the history of this community when I grew up, we had four black families - who I have been very good friends with for years - to depict the biggest picture on that building as a black person, I would have to ask the question, 'Why?'"

As a follow-up to these remarks expressing a not-uncommon view about turning back the clock to a time when there were far fewer people of color here, Blair - who has a history of "past incidents involving race," as noted in a local editorial -- went on to opine:

"I'm not a racist by any stretch of the imagination, but whenever people start talking about diversity, it's a word I can't stand.... The focus doesn't need to be on what's different; the focus doesn't need to be on the minority all the time.... Art is in the eye of the beholder, but I say (the Miller Valley mural) looks like graffiti in L.A..... I don't see anything that ties the community into that mural."

Before we rightly condemn such notions, it should be noted that Blair was giving voice to a point of view that has dominated the political discourse here for generations. Indeed, R.E. Wall, director of the Prescott Downtown Mural Project, reported that he and the other artists experienced weeks of "tense working conditions" at the site, including regular racial slurs shouted from vehicles and passersby such as: "You're desecrating our school," "Get the ni--ers off the wall," and "Get the sp-c off the wall." The original article detailing the mural's completion drew a spate of vitriolic and racially-charged online comments that mirrored these verbal assaults. In an interview with the local newspaper, Wall observed that "the pressure stayed up consistently. We had two months of cars shouting at us." Eventually, he said, the demands reached such a level that his group was asked by school officials to lighten the faces of the mural's main subject, as well as the other children in the mural.

What message does this send to the school children (one of whom, in fact, was the model for the primary image that sparked the mural controversy) and others in the area with darker skin pigmentation? Just as depictions of emaciated models can encourage eating disorders and other dangerous practices in young women, so too can the impetus to "lighten" one's implicitly offensive and unwelcomed skin tone impact the mental and physical wellbeing of people of color. In addition to reflecting the current mood in Arizona due to its incipient climate of legislated intolerance, all of this harks back to the unfortunate era of "passing" by minorities in which whiteness was a desired norm that diverse individuals oftentimes attempted to achieve through both physiological and cultural affectations. In a modern version of this self-destructive phenomenon, Chris Hedges cogently described Michael Jackson as someone who "was so consumed by self-loathing he carved his African-American face into an ever-changing Caucasian death mask."

The history of race in America is complex, brutal, and unfortunately correlative of forces that continue to drive much of our politics today. Before the Civil Rights era, socially-enforced binaries of "white" and "colored" tended to dominate the landscape, creating for some great comfort in knowing who was who, but for others creating great pressures to either conform or be relegated as second-class. In recent years, the move toward a multicultural and multiracial society has abated some of the rigidity of the past, allowing more opportunity for self-definition and categorical mobility, but also contributing to a backlash among certain sectors that evidently long for a return to those simpler times when "white made right" and the rest of the herd knew its place in the pecking order.

I recently spoke with Dr. Anita Fernandez, professor of education at Prescott College and an expert on diversity, about these issues. She observed that in fact the mural was painted on "the most racially, ethnically, and socioeconomically diverse school" in the district, and further that "denying that children of color are representative of the school, and of our community, is based on a racist and intolerant ideology that is being fueled by Arizona's anti-immigrant and anti-Ethnic Studies laws." Further connecting the local controversy in Prescott to wider forces at work statewide, Fernandez continued:

"The 'whitening' of children's faces is paramount to erasing the existence of an ethnic group, otherwise known as ethnic cleansing. The reaction of some in our community, including city council member Steve Blair, demanding that the faces of the children of color be whitened is a testament to the fear of growing diversity in Arizona. The irony here is that recent legislation outlawing Ethnic Studies in public schools perpetuates the ignorance of Arizona residents like those fearful of a mural depicting non-white children as representative of their community. What we need is more education from multiple perspectives infused into our public schools to prevent ignorant reactions such as these."

In this sense, we can begin to see Arizona's revanchist and reactionary laws and policies as creating a self-fulfilling ethos of racism and intolerance. The more that racial and ethnic divisions are reinforced through policing patterns and educational practices, the wider the rifts become. As demonstrated in apartheid regimes, increasing gaps in political power and economic opportunity that are enforced with race-based laws wind up requiring more such laws as well as the overt use of force to maintain their utility over time. The result is a slippery slope in which the very thing that is most feared by those in power - namely an empowered minority that undermines the existing social order - inevitably comes to pass as the dominant class overreaches in their attempt to "hold on" and winds up delegitimizing itself in the process. In the end, this is essentially a path to self-imposed oblivion, and Arizona's old guard may well be in the process of replicating it. Unfortunately, in this process, no one prospers and the resultant wounds can take generations to heal.

I have previously contended that the political situation in Arizona raises the specter of a "new civil rights movement" in America. But it isn't simply about immigrants or people of Latino descent at this juncture - more broadly, it concerns the essential movement from a society of polarized binaries to one of complex complementarity. For all of its successes, the post-WWII Civil Rights era did not fully achieve this aim, and in fact even its more focused goal of abolishing overt legal discrimination seems to have fallen short in retrospect. Modern movements around race, class, gender, sexuality, and ethnicity, for example, generally are more deeply engaged with matters of alterity, empathy, and representation. In other words, they are arguing not merely for equal rights to participate in a flawed system, but more so for spaces in which to explore and expand the array of identity constructions that befit the emerging world in which we find ourselves.

This ineluctable process is threatening for some, both in moral and socio-economic terms. While we can strive to empathize with this, we also need to resist the policies of retrenchment that are attempting to reinforce an outmoded and unjust order. Forcing the "lightening" of skin color on a public mural is yet another episode in the larger narrative unfolding here in Arizona. Indeed, what really needs more light cast upon it right now are these instances of intolerance that seek to drive us all back into the darkness.

 

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MJinCanada
Safe from zombies until my 2nd cup of coffee
08:12 PM on 06/08/2010
This is really sickening, especially the people who drove by and shouted racial slurs at the artists. It shows a truly tragic level of fear and hatred.

Children of all colours and features are beautiful.

The people who distain them are ugly from the inside out.
06:36 PM on 06/07/2010
I am the former Mayor of Prescott Arizona and I have called for the resignation of City Councilman Steve Blair because of his racist remarks. See my blog post at

http://prescotttourism.wordpress.com/2010/06/05/


See our group Facebook page Calling for the Resignation of Steve Blair, Prescott, AZ City Councilman
http://www.facebook.com/group.php?gid=114045135307066
11:30 AM on 06/07/2010
Um. so did your education end in 1855 or something? Because a lot of immigrants from Ireland, Italy, and East Europe settled in NYC and the eastern seaboard after that.
02:35 AM on 06/06/2010
Immigrant: a person who comes to a country where they were not born in order to settle there
America is not a nation of immigrants, I am not an immigrant and this nations forefathers were not immigrants, they were colonists, settlers and explorers. Unlike border jumpers today, there was no country back then to immigrate to. You could call them migrants, but then again you can call anyone who moves anywhere within a country a migrant as well. Stop lying about who we are.
I'm an American not an immigrant. If you want to trespass in my country, try to take over and start a race war because you hate Americans, you will be crushed. Americans are warriors.
07:48 PM on 06/06/2010
There *were* sovereign people living on these shores when Europeans arrived. Crack open a book sometime.
11:52 PM on 06/06/2010
Indeed, noschica. It's sad to see when people post things like the above and have absolutely no ability to see how racist what they just wrote is.
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Souris9
Academic librarian
06:16 PM on 06/08/2010
So in your fantasy version of history, not only was there no one living here before the colonists, but no one arrived between 1776 and your "border jumpers today?"
08:16 PM on 06/05/2010
Chuck D said it best....'the future holds nothing but confrontation'. There is no common cause to be had with these people. Confront. Stop being polite. Get in people's faces.
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Red Herring
Retired Miner, living in third world
06:24 PM on 06/05/2010
Whites have all the guns. They have most of the police and the military. They have most of the law makers.

What blacks and hispanics need is a war of the cradle. They need to breed the whites into a minority position. They need to vote along racial lines to disenfranchise the white population.
They need to take a page out of the whites only book, they need to educate their children that the white race is violent, criminal, immoral and incapable of governing. They have to teach their children that only blacks and hispanics are capable of running the state / country.
In short, minorities need to fight back. They need to get the guns, they need to be the police and military. They need to fill the jails and prisons with white people. Like mixing paint. You start with white, but each dab of brown reduces the white. Minorities need to add more dabs of brown.
08:56 PM on 06/08/2010
Nobody has anything to say in response to this hateful diatribe? You've got to be kidding me. This individual has some serious issues. No single race is more violent, criminal, or immoral than any other. This is all part of the HUMAN condition. Human beings have a tendency to be violent, criminal, and immoral. These negative behaviors can only be overcome by the right combination of reason and compassion, qualities apparently absent in the author of the above post.
04:42 PM on 06/05/2010
I just came back from the protest at the school today, which was an incredible event with a great turnout.

Jeff Lane, the school principal, said that he made a mistake and that the mural will go back to how it was originally painted. The school superintendent. Kevin Kapp, also admitted the school district made a mistake and said they were sorry.

I talked to Jeff Lane, who said he had a total of three complaints about the mural along racial lines, and 94% of the locals who called the school were in support of the mural. R.E. Wall, the main painter of the mural, said that he was getting half a dozen people a day yelling at him at the intersection (where thousands of cars drive past every day), calling him a hippy, or something else.

I hope the poster of the original blog will update it to reflect today's news.

I am going to be posting videos from the protest throughout the day to a brand new YouTube channel:

http://youtube.com/PrescottDiversity

The first one (which I am uploading to youtube right now: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EnO6DJ8RqIE) is the footage of Lane and Kapp admitting they made a mistake and apologizing to the crowd. Please help spread the word, because honestly this town has been unfairly portrayed and I want people to see all of the protesters carrying signs, and coverage of the positive people that actually represent my town.
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Randall Amster
07:31 PM on 06/05/2010
Thank you for posting this video -- what a wonderful way for our town to turn something disturbing into something uplifting. Kudos to Lane and Kapp for being up front and principled about this. There are still of course many challenges and issues ahead, yet for now this seems like a strong start....
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MJinCanada
Safe from zombies until my 2nd cup of coffee
08:18 PM on 06/08/2010
I'm very glad to hear this, and so glad the jerks are in the minority -- even if they do seem to be the most loud-mouthed.
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edejan
04:32 PM on 06/05/2010
I think there are several components to be considered here:

1. The state of the country. We are in financial freefall, people are becoming poorer with little hope for personally returning to "the American Dream." In such times, divisions along racial and ethnic lines increase as one group blames the other for the socioeconomic situation.

2. The "old guard" or the rule of old white men is finally changing in reality. We've seen this change in cinema and TV for a long time, with black presidents, black Gods, black leaders, but now it's REALLY HAPPENING. The fear of the old guard is leading to extremism politically.

3. The porous borders in the border states are leading to panic among the people who live there and they see no good legal resolution being considered.

We need good, moral, strong immigration reform right away. Then we need to go back and revisit laws protecting civil rights for Americans...black, brown, yellow and white. We need to again reinforce that we are a nation of immigrants with different ethnicities but one allegiance - to the U.S.
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18wheeler
Huh?
03:17 PM on 06/05/2010
What is happening to people? Are we turning into South Africa during apartheid? I am sick to my stomach... What a sorry state of affairs...
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Souris9
Academic librarian
06:06 PM on 06/08/2010
There isn't any more than there has been. The racists just feel more free to let it come out to play. At least now they're easier for the sensible folks to pick out of a crowd.
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greenie 61
Keep your rosaries off my ovaries
02:29 PM on 06/05/2010
I'm trying awfully hard to even find a good reason to ever go to AZ....so far, nothing.
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pcrudy
11:16 AM on 06/05/2010
The mural and the immigration law are two separate and distinct issues and should not be combined.
Re immigration law, persons of any race color or creed in any State have the right to expect that their border with Mexico, will be secured, period. . The immigration law is almost identical in nature and scope to the federal law.
Re the mural, I looked at it but since I have never lived in Arizonia I cannot reach an opinion if it reflects the 'community' values etc., but the final decision is up to them. If you find the position of some councilman offensive then get off your a$$ and make your opinion known and then let the people decide through open debate and a vote how they want their 'community' reflected on a mural.
09:52 PM on 06/08/2010
Come on, buddy. The study you cited gives demographic data for an area with a fifty mile radius. If I drive 50 miles outside of Philadelphia, it's like a different universe. I don't know about the particular neighborhood where the mural is located, but according to Census data from 2000, Prescott is 92.9% white, 8.2% Hispanic, 1.3% Native American, and 0.5% black.

http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/04/0457380.html

Even if the non-white population doubled in the last 20 years, you don't state at what rate the white population also increased. What are the stats now for Prescott proper, and what's the ethnic nature of the neighborhood surrounding the mural? Most likely, any increase in the non-white population is due to an influx of Latino immigrants, not black. Don't the Latinos deserve a place in the mural? What about the Native Americans? They constitute a larger percentage of the population than blacks. Why don't you post a picture of the mural and give us some more information so that we can construct a more informed opinion about the matter?

I'm sure that there is alot of white fear in Arizona right now. People see change and feel their way of life is being threatened. You can not expect the masses to be as enlightened as you. But stop being so reactionary and stop manipulating information to suit your ideological bent. We already got a guy for that. His name is Glenn Beck.
10:47 AM on 06/05/2010
This isn't about color it's about being in our country ILLEGALLY! All white, black, brown, yellow, blue, pink, and green people who are here ILLEGALLY need to go home NOW! We are a country of many colors - and we are a country with LAWS. LEGAL immigrants of all colors are always welcome - ILLEGAL ALIENS of any color need to GO BACK HOME!
12:06 PM on 06/05/2010
Take a BREATH dude: technically YOU'RE here ILLEGALLY unless you're native american. I'm guessing NOT.
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ESerafina42
Abandoned by wolves, raised by Republicans.
04:07 PM on 06/05/2010
Yes, they're probably wishing they'd "secured the borders" 500 years ago.
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zombie fairy
01:22 PM on 06/05/2010
So you're implying that the kids painted on the wall are here illegally? Got proof?
10:45 AM on 06/05/2010
I am at a loss for words. The defensiveness with respect to white privilege has certainly reached a fever pitch in Arizona at present. Do they not even consider how this looks to the rest of the world?
10:17 AM on 06/05/2010
The pro-amnesty coalition would like nothing better to confuse the issues by turning immigration from a right or wrong issue into a race issue. It has nothing to do with race. It is not a left or right issue either. It is a right or wrong issue. We have laws to protect our country. We, like every other country on the planet, have a right to establish immigration rules. You abide by the rules or you don't. You ignore the laws, you pay the price.
02:30 PM on 06/05/2010
Thats not entirely true, the whole debate about race involved with the immigration bill stems from the one article stating that a cop may arrest someone if they have "reasonable suspicion" that they are there illegally, now tell me how can you guess someone is here illegally by looking at them... hmmm maybe the color of their skin?
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greenie 61
Keep your rosaries off my ovaries
03:16 PM on 06/05/2010
"pro-amnesty?" You mean like when St. Ronnie Raygun granted it to approx. 3 MILLION people?
09:13 AM on 06/05/2010
"I am not a racist individual, but ..."
"I'm not a racist by any stretch of the imagination, but..."


When a person starts off this way, do we really need to hear the rest?