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Raymond J. Learsy

Raymond J. Learsy

Posted: August 5, 2009 07:16 AM

Citigroup's Oil Trader's $100,000,000 Payday: A Wakeup Call for the Nation


It hit the front page of the New York Times and Wall Street Journal and papers all around the country: Paul Krugman, Nobel Laureate and New York Times columnist permitted himself to be "outraged." Here was another example of Wall Street and Banks going off the deep end after very nearly taking all of us over a cliff.

And yet I would suggest that Mr. Andrew J. Hall the head of Citigroup's oil and energy trading unit, Phibro LLC, and focus of the $100,000,000 pay controversy, has rendered a great service to the nation. His payday though munificent in the extreme, is but a drop to what his odyssey may well save us all in the years ahead. That, especially given the lessons learned over the past months and the billions -- no, trillions --placed a great risk through guarantees and at public cost to grossly mismanaged financial institutions freighted with speculative excess.

The questions raised over Mr. Hall's compensation has given us the opportunity to focus on the primordial underlying issue of this whole drama. The Citicorp/Hall episode puts into clear focus the question that should have been posited from the very outset:

WHAT IN THE WORLD IS A BANK DOING IN THE OIL TRADING BUSINESS?!

It is one thing for a bank to finance oil or commodity trading with letters of credit or transaction financing, but to be a principal, that is, taking title on speculative positions in say oil, or other commodities, as owners and risk takers? What does that have to do with banking??

When hundreds of millions -- no, billions -- of dollars are being used by banks to play the oil contango game that is filling up supertankers with millions of barrels of oil, paid for by cheap money made available by the Fed, keeping the oil laden supertankers at sea months at a time in order to sell the oil at higher prices at a later date, thereby:

  1. Tying up vast swaths of money that this economy needs for the revitalization of industry and housing. How many loans/mortgages could have been modified throughout the country with the million/billions tied up months at a time in floating oil inventory? How many payrolls of small business in deep stress could have been met?
  2. By taking these positions, buying the oil now and storing it away, they are significantly impacting the price of oil and its downstream products (gasoline, heating oil and on) with price increases coming out of each consumer's pocket. Hereby the banks with their access to cheap funding, Fed programs, FDIC insured deposits, Tarp funds and government guarantees covering their speculative binge are simply returning to their irresponsible behavior, speculating instead of banking.

What commodity speculation has to do with banking is a question that should be asked by our press and our lawmakers of the banking authorities. That Citigroup's Phibro oil trading operations are successful is well and good. However, it exposes Citigroup to enormous risk and the same degree of downside as the failings they were unable to manage in the recent crisis. One need only recall that in 1985 Phibro-Salomon (before its merger into Travellers and in turn into Citigroup) reported a 1984 writeoff of $307 from its oil investments in the Beaufort Sea (" Phibro-Salomon in Red: Huge Oil Wrte-Off Cited," L.A.Times 02.20.85) underlining that oil profits are not a one way street- being a sum that had a vastly different connotation then, than it would have today.

Of particular note, a Federal Reserve/Treasury Department "Report to Congress on Financial Holding Companies" commented that the 1999 Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act significantly altered the legal framework that governed the permissible affiliations and activities of banking organizations, repealing the provisions of the Glass-Steagall Act and the Bank Holding Companies Act of 1956. It removed the barriers that previously inhibited the ability of banking organizations, securities firms and insurance companies to affiliate with each other. In other words the Act now allows existing bank holding companies to acquire full service securities firms and insurance companies and it allows securities firms and insurance companies to acquire banks (and thereby become a bank holding company).

The report contained an especially telling paragraph:

"Commercial Activities of Financial Holding Companies: Virtually all domestic FHC's engage only in financial activities. One domestic FHC-Citigroup- currently is engaged in trading activities involving non financial commodities (for example oil and gas).These commercial activities, however, represent a de minimis portion of Citigroup's total consolidated assets and are conducted pursuant to conditions imposed by the Board that are designed to ensure the activities are conducted in a safe and sound manner. Accordingly, the existing commercial activities of FHC's pose little risk to the safety and soundness of the depository institution subsidiaries"
  • "conducted pursuant to conditions imposed by the Board that are designed to ensure that the activities are conducted in a safe and sound manner" -- this the same Board that brought a great institution to its knees with a net loss in 2008 of $27.7 billion
  • .

  • "pose little risk to the safety and soundness of the DEPOSITORY INSTITUTION. " -- That was then and this is now. And in its way this is the very crux of the issue.

Financial Holding Companies or Bank Holding Companies have become the time bombs of our financial system. Citigroup's Phibro trading division was the camel's nose under the tent of the American Banking System. The leniency extended toward Citigroup permitting it to engage in commodity trading was subsequently extended to FHC's including Morgan Stanley, JPMorgan Chase, all of whom are playing the oil/commodities game and not to be outdone, also have fully loaded vessels at sea (JP Morgan having recently chartered the VLCC Supertanker Front Queen, loaded with 2 million barrels of heating oil for a duration of nine months to sit at anchor off the coast of Malta. The commodity speculation doesn't stop with oil, but these bank's traders along with the likes of Goldman Sachs (now a Bank Holding Company) take huge trading positions on all manner of commodities for which they are clearly neither producer nor consumer, but only speculators. Given recent experience and its enormous cost can the Fed and the Treasury truly say that these rote speculative activities -- "pose little risk to the safety and soundness of the depository institution."

Under current conditions one would think that the Fed and the Treasury would be moving heaven and earth to get Citigroup to divest itself from its Phibro Division, and would call a halt to all commodity speculation by all Bank Holding Companies protected by the Fed and Treasury through their myriad programs, having access to minimal funding costs at the Fed window, to FDIC guaranteed deposits, to TARP monies, to government funded counterparty bailouts (e.g., AIG /Goldman), and being cushioned in their belief that they are too big to fail and will be bailed out by the rest of us if their trades go wrong.

Given the financial storm clouds gathering once again, given that Mr. Hall's imbroglio has brought this all to a head and helped us clearly define what is at risk, one can only say that Andrew Hall, directly or indirectly, has done the nation a great service!

 
 
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02:26 AM on 08/11/2009
Im buying oil
10:43 AM on 08/07/2009
Has Mr. Hall earned his $100 million bonus? Yes, but the way he earned it is the problem.

The way Mr. Hall makes his money is to create false scarcities in commodities markets, such as crude oil, then profiting from temporarily inflated prices.

Stealing from the many to enrich the few can hardly be considered rendering a great service to the nation.
03:22 PM on 08/07/2009
There is no false scarcity here. This one is real. There is plenty of oil in the market to supply at the current level of consumption. But there is not enough for the demand that would result from an immediate recovery of the world economy. A ten percent difference, maybe less. Add to that the very steep price function of the oil market as a function of demand and you get exactly what you are looking at. Since the production is already limited by technical and economic concerns, the supply will not increase significantly. That leaves reducing demand as the only way to reduce prices.

No magic here. Use less gas and oil and you will drive prices down. Use more and prices will go up.
03:53 PM on 08/07/2009
You just proved that because of the near match of supply and demand, the above hording tactics work great.
01:08 AM on 08/07/2009
Poignant to this day - Mae West - "Fasten your seat belts, boys. It's going to be a bumpy ride!" Save, Save, Save - do not be lulled into a false bravado that "the economy is looking up" . . . Every-day Americans - we cannot afford to fall asleep at the the wheel ever again. Bottom line your needs to the basics - make do or do without for a few years. "They" say we (consumers) hold the biggest key to the economy, which is why "they" want us to believe things are ok so we start spending again (to line pockets of the same corporations that are buying our politicians). Hang on to your money (if you're lucky enough to have a job) - you're going to need it . . .
07:13 PM on 08/07/2009
Betty Davis' line in "All about Eve"
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HUFFPOST COMMUNITY MODERATOR
kesmarn
01:22 PM on 08/09/2009
Otherwise known as Bette Davis!
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
politicky
just follow the $$$
07:39 PM on 08/06/2009
Isn't the Federal Reserve supposed to regulate the finance industry?
04:26 PM on 08/06/2009
Research needs to do some Reseach on PEAK OIL
might I suggest googling PEAK OIL
or getting the book "Hubbert's Peak -- Impending World Oil Shortage" fromKenneth Deffeyes
or
Googling Colin Campbell
or ASPO
or the Oil Drum

Have a little curiosity dude -- do some research
learn about how the modern industrial world really works
05:19 PM on 08/06/2009
No, you need to come up with a coherent argument. Peak oil is irrelevant to trading abuses.
06:14 PM on 08/06/2009
How so? You can't abuse markets that are completely oversupplied.
02:53 PM on 08/06/2009
It's really simple scam:

Since the TARP is covering their loses,

The bankster use the old "double down" system, which works great till the inevitable string of loses results in catastrophic loses.

Then they go to TARP for more money.

Now the reason for the big payouts is greed, of course, but more specifically

If the TARP folks saw a bunch of money in the accounts of the banks, they would naturally want the bank to use that first.

So payout and bonuses are the way to hide that money.

All bow to the Banksters.
03:09 PM on 08/06/2009
how does PEAK OIL fit into this?
03:30 PM on 08/06/2009
Oil is just the horses at the race track.
itolduso
lateral thinker
02:51 PM on 08/06/2009
I'm betting that in the next few weeks we will all be hearing about another politician/celebrity sex scandle, more ridiculous paranoid fantasys about the President or his family, or outrageous 'talking head' feuds that will fill every headline and 'top of the hour' for weeks....the msm completely forgetting to cover any 'wake-up-calls' like this....anyone want to take my bet?
03:34 PM on 08/06/2009
There was no wake-up call stronger than the oil crisis in the 1970s... Americans didn't care about reality back then, they don't care about it right now, either. We need to drive this monstrosity against the wall and experience the well predicted consequences before the public gets it. I am all in. Let's push the accelerator some more. The more it hurts, the better.

:-)
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04:27 PM on 08/06/2009
Jez, KTM-
kinda harsh aren't ya?
%)
seriously, I do know what you mean, and I think we are already in that slow motion spin just before we hit- i don't think we even have to accelerate- just BAU, or trying to go back to BAU will do it.
cheers!
07:50 PM on 08/09/2009
That's not really true. American driving habits changed and Toyota and Honda started selling a lot of vehicle that were smaller and more fuel efficient. Also, manufactures started tinkering with engines to make them more efficient (every car you buy now has electronic fuel injection, that was true of only a select few models in 75). Other environmental-friendly technology was beginning to be developed and deployed such as windmills for harvesting electricity and solar panels. But Ronald Reagan with his nostalgic fantasy of America killed all of that. (Remember James Watt?)
01:47 PM on 08/06/2009
Since when is making money a crime in the good old US of A?

What just happened?

:-)
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Jond0
Show Me Your Money
04:15 PM on 08/06/2009
Making a nice profit is perfectly justifiable; filling insatiable greed at others expense because they have no choice is not.
04:41 PM on 08/06/2009
But you have a choice. That you don't make use of it is YOUR problem, not the market's.

:-)
12:29 PM on 08/06/2009
If oil speculation raises the price of oil(a very dubious proposition), this is a good thing as we have peak oil and we have global warming and we should be conserving oil.

But this guy should not get anything close to 100 million dollars since his company was bailed out with taxpayer money. He must have taken great risks to make big money and the risk profile at Citigroup was seriously wrong.

He should get paid what he would get if Citigroup went bankrupt which is not much.
08:04 PM on 08/09/2009
How is oil speculation raising the price a good thing? That means that you and I are paying more of our income for gas, heating oil, groceries and every other product that requires oil for delivery or otherwise because someone is gaming the system. That these guys are using taxpayer funding to make their bets only doubles the pain. The only peope gaining from speculation are the speculators. The rest of us pay in higher cost whether or not the speculation pays off.
12:07 PM on 08/06/2009
I think the banks are hoarding oil because they need something that will retain value after the dollar collapses.
10:32 AM on 08/06/2009
In 1956, M. King Hubbert, of Shell Oil Company, against the wishes of his boss, predicted that American oil production would peak in 1970. He realized that regional fields deplete following a bell curve. Barring political or economic disturbances, oil production rises exponentially then begins to level off before falling steeply, then tapering off a the bottom following a bell curve. He realized knowing how much oil was in the U.S., he could figure out when American production would peak. His famous prediction proved correct, despite oil from Alaska, American oil production did peak in 1970 and we now produce almost half as much oil as we did in 1970. Opec used this fact to punish us in the 1970s for our support of the Israelis during their war with Arab states.
10:31 AM on 08/06/2009
In the 90s, Colin Campbell wrote an article in Scientific American forecasting the Peak in world oil production. In the early part of this decade, Kenneth Deffeyes wrote a book predicting Peak Oil would hit in 2005. Light sweet crude does seem to have peaked in 2005. However, all liquids, including heavy oil, tar sands, the whole kitchen sink may not have peaked until 2008. World oil production has been on an undulating plateau since 2005, despite $147 oil last year.
The USGS gives odds on Peak Oil. They say there is a 95% chance for Peak Oil to hit sooner then later and a 5% chance that Peak Oil will hit by 2037. Some people like to pretend the 2037 prediction is set in concrete. It isn’t. It’s only given a 5% chance!
Countries and regions in “Terminal decline” (long past their Peak in oil production):
10:30 AM on 08/06/2009
U.S.
Peaked in oil production in: 1971
Decline Rate: about 4.2%
Peaked at: 11.6 million barrels per day
MEXICO (CANTARELL)
Peak Oil Production: 2004
Decline Rate: 15%
Peaked at about 3.59 million barrels per day
NORTH SEA
Peak oil production: 1999
Decline rate in 2005: 12.8%
Peaked at about 6.4 million barrels of oil per day
• 80% of worlds oil supply comes from fields discovered before 1970
• World Oil Discoveries Peaked in 1960s
• The world now consumes four-six barrels of oil for every barrel we
• world Peak Per Capita Oil Production occurred in the 1979
10:05 AM on 08/06/2009
IEA Chief Economist, $200 a barrel for oil? A Wakeup Call For The Nation

It hit papers around the world except for this country. Faith Birol, Chief economist for the International Energy Agency, fears an energy crunch by 2010. And yet I’d suggest, both Colin Campbell and Kenneth Deffeyes through their studies on Peak Oil, have rendered a great service to the nation.

Learn the truth
Read the book: “Hubbert’s Peak, The Impending World Oil Shortage”
By Kenneth Deffeyes
08:53 AM on 08/06/2009
A. Obama needed financial support for election campaigning. He had Rahm and Rahmn has the housing and banking industry in his pocket. He simply knew the banking and housing industry needed some help so he made a deal. Make me president and I'll get you the help. That's politics. Welcome to the real world my friends.

B. Banks should have been maintained by the employees who run them and the top 10 executives FIRED outright WITHOUT A DIME in bonus or walking money. Let the next in line run the business. Or split the damn thing in half and rename it under a different corporate entity. But FIRE the execs.

C. This political gamble isn't working as expected or discussed. Rahm is still trying to use the benefits of these connections to sell an idea that doesn't exist. That Obama is saving the economy. He's not. He's paying off his contributors.

I voted for the man I still have some naive hope we're not all in Rome and it's burning like all hell.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Jond0
Show Me Your Money
04:18 PM on 08/06/2009
It's pretty warm though, isn't it?
04:54 PM on 08/06/2009
You ain't seen nothing, yet. This is only the preliminaries of what's to come in the next 20-30 years. One can't change fundamentally flawed decisions that happened 30 years ago like a light bulb. We were getting into this mess since the 1970s and we are going to be out of it around the 2040-2050 time scale. If you include global warming, you can make that 2150.

:-)