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Rep. Neil Abercrombie

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Lessons From Afghanistan

Posted: 09/22/09 03:47 PM ET

President Obama is being pushed by some, including General Stanley McChrystal, to quickly approve the deployment of more troops to Afghanistan. At the same time, others are demanding a plan for the speedy removal of U.S troops already there. So far, he has refused to be rushed into an important judgment that will have profound consequences for our country.

Afghanistan has been characterized as a war we should have been fighting all along. It can be argued that near the top of the Bush Administration's stunning list of foreign policy blunders was the decision to start moving troops, equipment and most of our attention from Afghanistan to prepare for an invasion of Iraq. However, I do not believe that military victory in Afghanistan is simply a matter of reappearing with enough troops and the right military strategy. Afghanistan did not come with a PAUSE button to freeze the action until we were ready to resume. Any such notions are seriously flawed.

To begin with, Afghanistan is a honeycomb of ethnic groups and tribes. About half its people are Pashtun, but with primary loyalty to more than 30 different tribes; another 25% are Tajiks; 18% Hazaras; 6% Uzbeks; 3% Turkmen; 1% Qizilbash; and about 7% are Aimaq, Arab, Kirghiz, Wakhi, Farsiwan, Nuristani, Baluch, Brahui, Qizilbash, Kabuli or Jat. The country has been accurately described as "one of the most dizzyingly complex tribal societies on earth."

President Hamid Karzai's 'national' government has very little to do with the lives of the Afghan people outside Kabul, and isn't even recognized in every sector of that city. Classic counterinsurgency doctrine depends on an indigenous government we can support, but the current national government in Afghanistan doesn't remotely qualify, unless one considers an isolated, corrupt government "worthy."

The presence of U.S. troops in Afghanistan is a two-edged sword. They may be utilized to suppress violence and impose civil order in limited areas, but their presence is often the spark that ignites the same violence and resistance. No people willingly submit to be patrolled or garrisoned by a foreign military. Our own founders didn't take very well to it 234 years ago. Afghan culture has always opposed the presence of large numbers of armed outsiders, and with the continuation of combat, killing of civilians and destruction, our troops are being increasingly viewed the same way Macedonian, British and Soviet troops were.

Before the United States commits to a military strategy, Congress and the Obama administration need to begin at the beginning and take the time to review the history and contemporary culture of Afghanistan. Against a backdrop of knowledge, there are a number of very practical questions about our expectations there that must be asked -- and answered, including:

  • What can be realistically achieved? What kind of Afghanistan can we realistically leave behind?
  • Does it have to be a working democracy with freely-elected officials and a centralized government, i.e. full-on nation building?
  • Would it be sufficient to leave a region able to deny terrorists safe haven?
  • Is such a goal possible with military action? If so, how many years or decades?
  • What agreements with Pakistan will be necessary to curb or end the ability of al Qaeda to commute to work from Pakistan?
  • What should our relationship be with the Taliban?
  • What would this require? How many troops and other military resources at what cost and for how long?

Thoughtful and careful consideration of circumstances, goals and alternatives before committing to a course of action was supposed to be one of the hard lessons we learned in Vietnam more 40 years ago, and again in Iraq six years ago. Absent clear and achievable policy objectives and a cold-eyed assessment of the costs to achieve them, the United States should not commit a single additional Soldier, Sailor, Airman, or Marine to Afghanistan.

Before a decision is made, President Obama, after proper consultation with Congress and with the support of the American people, must be able to articulate a compelling case with "clear and achievable objectives" for a continuing U.S. commitment in Afghanistan.

No such action would constitute walking away from Afghanistan or abandoning its people. The United States could consider providing financial, logistical, intelligence and other support to an Afghan government and training for its security forces. But only if American goals in Afghanistan abandon fanciful and messianic visions of "fixing" a nation that is simply not fixable by outsiders.


Rep. Neil Abercrombie chairs the House Armed Services Subcommittee on Air and Land Forces. Abercrombie represents the 1st District of Hawaii.

 
President Obama is being pushed by some, including General Stanley McChrystal, to quickly approve the deployment of more troops to Afghanistan. At the same time, others are demanding a plan for the s...
President Obama is being pushed by some, including General Stanley McChrystal, to quickly approve the deployment of more troops to Afghanistan. At the same time, others are demanding a plan for the s...
 
 
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Antifascist-08
12:46 PM on 09/23/2009
Congressman Abercrombie, thank you.

Excellent post. This "war on terror" is turning out just like the war on drugs, the war on poverty and all the other silly "wars" that are not wars.

Afghanistan isn't really a country to begin with, so why are we trying to make it one? Haven't we learned anything?

And you correctly state that Al Qaeda doesn't need Afghanistan to do whatever it is they want to do. This was just another mistake that has lingered for 8 years now, the longest "war" in American history. If we had gotten Bin Laden and enough of the inner circle of Al Qaeda back when this started, we could have come home and everyone would have been happy, but we didn't. At that moment, all bets were off. Yes, perhaps they would have come back, but it would have taken them a long time and we would have established a sensible way to combat them. As it is, we are in a no win situation.
11:53 AM on 09/23/2009
Respected, brave Congressman Abercrombie speaking out against President Obama's decision to continue Bush's failed "War on Terror".

I agree.

Then again I agreed when I didn't vote for Barack Obama because I knew he was Bush lite.

Hillary 2012.

End Bush's Presidency by voting Obama out?
Yes we can.
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08:21 AM on 09/23/2009
Crossed fingers here also. Depending on how things break on healthcare, I'll vote for him (for Gov) as I have every time in the past for Congress.

But getting to what he's talking about here:

Part 1

McChrystal's plan for withdrawing U.S. forces into more populated locations is an utterly insane strategy, given the likely responding tactics--bombs directed at U.S./NATO installations and troops parked "protectively" next to civilians; the other side of this "protective" strategy involves the use of aerial bombardment, and drone attacks, a tactic that is a proven failure--how many weddings and other celebrations will U.S./NATO forces bomb? (Of course such acts will always be "mistakes.") This sordid war, started as an act of deliberately misdirected vengeance by the Bush administration, needs to be brought to a close ASAP.

The reasoning that the U.S. is preventing terrorism by perpetuating this war is fundimentally flawed--terrorists likely to carry out acts of violence in Europe, Asian or the Americas have no actual need to go to Afghanistan or Pakistan to either train or plot, nor, likewise, are the "masterminds" or "brains" necessarily located in those countries; a figurehead like bin Laden may or may not be there, but this is irrelevant because global communication will provide such people with a voice regardless of where their speeches and gestures originate.
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08:32 AM on 09/23/2009
Note: This got posted in the wrong place by me. I was originally responding to PaiaGirl below (above?), so that's why the opening remarks. Anyway it stands by itself so here.

Part 2

A fully democratic government in Afghanistan is obviously a fantasy at present, and likely to remain so for the immediate, and possibly for the long-term, foreseeable future. Moreover, providing intelligence--let alone military training, arms and money--to a government as corrupt as Karzai's is clearly foolhardy at best, and it will likely backfire.

We will leave behind a shattered country whether we stay there for another year or another ten. As has been pointed out again and again, historically this has always been the case with Afghanistan, and there is no evidence that things even CAN work out differently.

Humanitarian aid, economic assistance, non-predatory trade and investment, and lastly but probably most importantly a control and containment of the distribution of arms in this heavily weaponized region are key ingredients to achieving the beginnings of peace. And peace for the people of Afghanistan, and Pakistan also, is the key to real security for the poeple of the United States.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Balloonman
02:42 AM on 09/23/2009
More troops! That's what we need. Success is our history in the Middle East and our troop allotment ground behaviour proof. RUMSFELD close to the vest, reduced Military, and replacement of former traditional Military assigned duties by mercenaries and contractors, our 'surges', are most effective. General McChrystal wipes out a town, Fallujah, to save the Baghdad. How about the millions dead, ruined, millions of refugees displaced in their own country and elsewhere plus of course our own dead and maimed-- reasonable costs. All very effective to stabilize Iraq, our goal. More proof from authority? Let's exaggerate paraphrase former Sec of State Madeleine Albright: Worth every bloody nightmare made real. Why? For the sake of our security here at home. Smart moves? Our MILITARY drone operators, the brains working the keyboard behind our INDUSTRIAL/PENTAGON first force foreign policy, our resolver of issues, our weapon of negotiation choice, deployed to stabIlize the ME region, secure oil and trade routes, deter insurgents 8-10,000 miles from reaching our shores with their IED's. No question, AFGHANISTAN is the right war. Betcha. Next PAKISTAN. IRAN?
12:39 AM on 09/23/2009
Pakistan--- Taliban was defeated in Swatt Valey-- WITH ENOUGH MILITARY FORCE ONLY
Iraq-- Al Qaeda and other Jihadists were defeated -- ONLY IN CONJUNCTION WITH A SURGE.
Unless Americans, Afghan tribes only believe in negotiation backed by overwhelming force, not words and promises and NGOs.
12:36 AM on 09/23/2009
To begin with, Afghanistan is a honeycomb of ethnic groups and tribes.

ALL of them can be bought off or subjugated with enough show of force. This i EXACTLY what Taliban is doing, This process should be reversed. Yes, we all know Americans are somewhat naive in this game. Get someone local to teach you.

"No people willingly submit to be patrolled or garrisoned by a foreign military."
That's OK. Japanese got used to it so could Afghans. If the patrols are strong enough.

"What should our relationship be with the Taliban?"
Demoralize them, inflict heavy causalities, disrupt their suppliy stream. Only then they can be negotaited with. Otherwise their religious hubris and fanaticism will make any negotiations utterly worthless.
Example: see Pakistani Taliban arrogance in dealing with Pak government.
07:56 AM on 09/23/2009
Classic imperialist attitude that leads to debacles.
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08:33 AM on 09/23/2009
Agreed.
12:05 PM on 09/23/2009
You're forgetting about politics.

Anything remotely close to what you're suggesting would require an overwhelming US presence that would be nothing short of an all-out occupation. I doubt Obama is willing to face the political blow back of such a decision.

But go ahead and keep living in your hawkish masturbatory fantasy. No one will miss you.
08:34 PM on 09/22/2009
Afghanistan is less the problem than Pakistan. Pakistan is where Bin Laden lives, and if we aren't going to have a war in Pakistan (actually, maybe we are, except one fought by unmanned planes dropping bombs on wedding parties), why is Afghanistan worth so much to us? If we want to deny terrorists a safe haven, we need to work on Pakistan, also known as Terrorist Shangri-La.
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HUFFPOST PUNDIT
PaiaGirl
Progressive Engineer
06:56 PM on 09/22/2009
We are hoping that Abercrombie will be the next Hawai'i governor - replacing Linda (Bush Jr.) Lingle who has run the most corrupt administration. Not only did she give away $40million of state money to her neocon buddy, John Lehman and his SuperFailure...er...Superferry, but she routinely simply ignores the legislature.

If she doesn't like the health program for kids, she holds on to the money and doesn't release funds for it -- even though they've been allocated by the legislature (in a balanced budget).

If she doesn't like environmental laws, she ignores them.

So it will be VERY refreshing to have Neil Abercrombie win the Governorship. Crossed fingers.
been2there
Facts have a liberal bias.
06:47 PM on 09/22/2009
No one has ever conquered the Afganis and we won't either. Since our "help" is seen as imperialism, we should leave. I suggest we buy all the opium poppy products to keep them out of the illicit drug stream.
03:51 AM on 09/23/2009
So what. No one conquered Japan either. But U.S. did. U.S. crushed Japanese fanatics, a far more powerful group than Taliban/ Al Qaeda.
Next subject.
07:57 AM on 09/23/2009
One problem: Taliban did not attack the US.
12:00 PM on 09/23/2009
You're comparing conventional warfare that occurred almost 70 years ago to a more modern guerrilla warfare that utilizes inhospitable terrain to routinely beat back far superior numbers and equipment.

Anyone comparing the so-called wars we have today to WWII is automatically confessing their ignorance.
06:39 PM on 09/22/2009
Well said, Abercrombie!
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
terramartom
People for the people. Revolution.
05:46 PM on 09/22/2009
It was a Bush/ Cheney foreign policy failure to go into Afghanistan to begin with.
Why bullshit around trying to make it appear that you can win anything there now, or ever?
This is complete crap to suggest anything other than to exist immediately because the Taliban will eventually take back the country anyway!
They want Islamic, religious rule, tribal rule. Let them topple the Taliban on their own.
If the Islamic religion wants to make slaves of it's own people so be it.
Invading foreign countries has shown to be a losing battle every time.
Exit Iraq, exit Afghanistan, bring all the Troops home from foreign soil, and let them protect the American Homeland, and with that we can cut the Defense budget in half or more and apply it to Domestic needs.
No waffling Mr President. Afghanistan could easily be your Vietnam?
Next, criminal trials for Bush and Cheney and the Bush regime.

http://www.richmonk31.blogspot.com
07:13 PM on 09/22/2009
Wow! No foolin' around. I like your assessment and approach.
12:45 AM on 09/23/2009
"Invading foreign countries has shown to be a losing battle every time."
This is factually incorrect.
Peace in Japan was assured by American invasion and occupation.
Peace is Europe has been assured by American invasion and occupation.
Invading foreign countries is how peace was achieved in World War One and World War Two.
Pax Romana was achieved by invasion and occupation ( and alliances) of other countries.
03:20 AM on 09/23/2009
Peace in Europe and Japan was secured because the United States stayed in these nations and financially sustained them for years upon end (see The Marshall Plan). Not only did we rebuild infrastructure, we also assumed a "protector" position militarily for both Germany and Japan until.. oh, we're STILL doing it.

Peace and "nation-building" is only possible through extended commitments; this is not what Iraq or Afghanistan were "proposed as" to the American people by the Bush Administration. Ignorance prevailed and "we the people" were convinced these would be brief operations. Our opinion on the matter has now changed, and we are no longer willing to pay ($$$ and innocent lives) to support a lost cause.

The biggest flaw in invading Afghanistan is that war has evolved. We are no longer fighting countries, we are fighting independent groups with no real established base of operations. They can be anywhere, and can rapidly change locations. This is NOT a task to be accomplished by full-scale invasions but "strategic incisions" with elite troops & technology (see Predator Drones). I would even make the argument that the U.S. should abstain from military action as much as possible, given the counter-mobilization that occurs, i.e., more and more young Muslim men committing themselves to terrorist actions against the West.

Btw, Israel is probably the worst nation-building experiment ever.
(surprise, another country propped up by U.S. funds and military for the past 60 years and considered a "success")
whitebeach
Hey, buddy, can you spare a micro-bio?
05:39 PM on 09/22/2009
It seems possible that rather than reflecting inexperience, the president's desire to review our Afganistan strategy may be a direct result of his experience already with the war there. It looks to me as if the military told him this spring that a "surge" would produce measurable success. In fact it hasn't. Obama knows enough history to know the lessons of Vietnam, where the Pentagon argued year after year that victory was in our grasp if we'd only add fifty thousand or a hundred thousand more troops. At this point, the first "surge" having accomplished little, he is absolutely correct to think long and hard before deciding either for or against escalation. The lives of a lot of people, including a lot of Americans, depend on his decision. Thinking is good. I wish his predecessor had done more of it.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Donald
07:17 PM on 09/22/2009
As a practical matter, a "surge" is nothing more than a military build-up, and its success can be defined only in the short-term, i.e., if your immediate objective is to buy yourself some time and some breathing room. Other than that, any subsequent failure to clearly identify measurable policy goals and objectives will result in an overall wasted effort.

We should always remember and heed Karl von Clausewitz's admonition that war is simply an instrument of national policy by other means. If we are to ever defeat the Taliban, we must implement a coherent political policy for the conduct of this war that's both realistic and achievable, and we must also make plain to the Taliban their ultimate fate will be even more unpleasant than the sacrifice they are presently prepared to make, and further, such hardships on them will not be merely transient.

That said, we now need to be truly honest with ourselves here, and assess where we as a country are really prepared to stay the course and win this conflict at all levels - militarily, politically and socially.

If we're not prepared to make that commitment - for obvious reasons which are reasonable and understandable - then it's best we now leave the Karzai regime to its inevitable fate. Otherwise, if we dither, time is on the side of the Taliban, and they have only to wait us out as we stumble toward what can only be a very unsatisfactory conclusion.
whitebeach
Hey, buddy, can you spare a micro-bio?
08:35 PM on 09/22/2009
Well stated and well thought out. I disagree only partly, on your point about "surges." True, it's a euphemism for military build-ups, but there are times when such build-ups accomplish much more than a short-term, "breathing-room" advantage. Sometimes, just like bringing up reserves in a particular battle, they can change the overall course of the conflict. That, IMHO, wasn't the case in Iraq and doesn't seem to have been the case in Afghanistan (of course it repeatedly didn't work in Nam either). My belief is that the president is astute enough to recognize all this.

And you are certainly right about the need to define our objectives. It astonishes me that, after eight years in Afghanistan and more than six in Iraq, no one at all seems to have a clear notion of what "victory"--or even "failure"--would be. For me, I don't care about "winning" the war "militarily, politically and socially" (which I don't believe could be done with anything very short of genocide) or even about "victory" over the Taliban. I want more or less what I wanted when we first went into Afghanistan: the death or capture of everyone, or almost everyone, who was directly involved in the 9/11 attacks. I think we still might be able to achieve this limited objective, but I also think it would be a mistake to try to do it by a massive build-up of an invading army.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
yankeeairpirate
Just Play Yer Guitar
05:26 PM on 09/22/2009
The tribal factions defeated the British in Afghanistan. The British had superior numbers and firepower but couldn't overcome the tribal differences. They withdrew.

The tribal factions defeated the Russians in Afghanistan. The Russians had superior numbers and firepower but couldn't overcome the tribal differences. They withdrew.

The tribal factions are now defeating the US in Afghanistan. We had superior numbers and firepower but couldn't overcome the tribal differences.

I think anyone can finish the previous sentence. Get out. NOW. Why must we be doomed to repeat the history that everyone else has read about in books?
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Heartlight3
Every act is an act of self-definition.
11:30 PM on 09/22/2009
I don't know if anyone has noticed, but this country seems to have a complete inability to learn from anyone else's experience.
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04:05 PM on 09/22/2009
I don't care what kind of Afghanistan we leave! We keep saying that we should not be the world's police man. I wish all of the people of the world well but we have enough to do just making our nation and our society the best it can be. Good bye and good luck.
03:55 PM on 09/22/2009
I don't often agree with Rep Abercrombie, but his assessment of the complexity of Afghanistan is on target. The ethnic makeup of the country is more diverse than almost any other country in the world, which along with the topography of the country makes it difficult to govern. Requiring the establishment of a strong, centralized democracy in Afghanistan may indeed be a pipe dream. Rep Abercrombie points out that we need to re-assess the situation to determine our course of action before jumping into an untenable situation. Rep Abercrombie poses some valid questions, but we also must define our ultimate objective in Afghanistan. Do we want to try to build a nation where one has really never existed, or should our efforts focus on eliminating Afghanistan as a safe haven for terrorists? I prefer the latter to the former.