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Rev. James Martin, S.J.

Rev. James Martin, S.J.

Posted: March 11, 2010 10:24 AM

In Defense of Religion

What's Your Reaction:

Everybody seems to be spiritual these days - from your college roommate, to the person in the office cubicle next to yours, to the subject of every celebrity interview. But if "spiritual" is fashionable, "religious" is as unfashionable. This is usually expressed as follows: "I'm spiritual but just not religious." It's even referred to by the acronym SBNR.

The thinking goes like this: being "religious" means abiding by arcane rules and hidebound dogmas, and being the tool of an oppressive institution that doesn't allow you to think. Religion is narrowminded and prejudicial--so goes the thinking--stifling the growth of the human spirit. Even worse, as several contemporary authors contend, religion is the most despicable of social evils, responsible for all the wars and conflicts around the world.

Sadly, religion is in fact responsible for many ills in the modern world and evils throughout history: among them the persecution of Jews, endless wars of religion, the Inquisition, not to mention the religious intolerance and zealotry that leads to terrorism. There is a human and sinful side to religion since religions are human organization, and therefore prone to sin. Frankly, people within religious organizations know this better than those outside of them.

Some say that on balance religion is found wanting. But I would stack up against the negatives the positives: traditions of love, forgiveness and charity as well as the more tangible outgrowths of thousands of faith-based organizations that care for the poor and promote social justice. Think of generous men and women like St. Francis of Assisi, St. Teresa of Ávila, St. Catherine of Siena, Dorothy Day, Mother Teresa and the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King.
Speaking of Dr. King, you might add Abolition, women's suffrage, and civil rights movements, all of which were founded on explicitly religious principles. Add to that list the billions of believers who have found in their own religious traditions not only comfort but also a moral voice urging them to live selfless lives and to challenge the status quo.

By the way, atheism doesn't have a perfect record either. In No One Sees God, Michael Novak points out that while many atheist thinkers urge us to question everything, especially the record of organized religion, atheists often fail to question their own record. Think of the cruelty and bloodshed perpetrated, just in the 20th century, by totalitarian regimes that have professed "scientific atheism." Stalinist Russia comes to mind. On balance, I think, religion comes out on top.

Still, it's not surprising that, given all the problems with organized religion, many people would say, "I'm not religious." They say: "I'm serious about living a moral life, maybe even one that centers on God, but I'm my own person."

But there's a problem. While "spiritual" is obviously healthy, "not religious" may be another way of saying that faith is something between you and God. And while faith is a question of you and God, it's not just a question of you and God. Because this would mean that you're relating to God alone. That means that there's no one to suggest when you might be off track.

We all tend to think that we're correct about most things, and spirituality is no exception. Not belonging to a religious community means less of a chance of being challenged by a tradition of belief and experience, less chance to see when you are misguided, seeing only part of the picture, or just wrong.

Consider a person who wants to follow Jesus Christ on her own. Perhaps she has heard that if she follows Christ she will enjoy financial success - a popular idea. Were she part of a mainstream Christian community, though, she would be reminded that suffering is part of the life of even the most devout Christian. Without the wisdom of a community, she may gravitate towards a skewed view of Christianity. Once she falls on hard times financially, she may drop God, who has ceased to meet her personal needs. Despite our best efforts to be spiritual we make mistakes. And when we do, it's helpful to have the wisdom of a religious tradition.

Religion checks my tendency to think that I am the center of the universe, that I have all the answers, that I know better than anyone about God, and that God speaks most clearly through me.

But religious institutions themselves need to be called to account. And here the prophets among us, who are able to see the failures, weaknesses, and plain old sinfulness of institutional religion, play a critical role. Like individuals who are never challenged, religious communities can often get things tragically wrong, convinced that they are doing "God's will." They might even encourage us to become complacent in our judgments. Unreflective religion can sometimes incite people to make even worse mistakes than they would on their own. Thus, prophetic voices calling their communities to continual self-critique are always difficult for the institution to hear, but nonetheless necessary.

It's a necessary tension: the wisdom of our religious traditions provides us with a corrective for our propensity to think that we have all the answers; and prophetic individuals can moderate the natural propensity of institutions to resist change and growth. As with many aspects of the spiritual life, you need to find balance in the tension.

Religion also reflects the social dimension of human nature. Human beings naturally desire to be with one another, and that desire extends to worship. It's natural to want to worship together, to gather with other people who share your desire for God, and to work with others to fulfill the dreams of your community.

Experiencing God also comes through personal interactions within the community. Sure, God communicates through private, personal, intimate moments - as in prayer or reading of sacred texts - but sometimes God enters into relationships with us through others in a faith community. Finding God often happens in the midst of a community - with a "we" as often as an "I." For many people this is a church, a synagogue or a mosque. Or more broadly, religion.

Overall, as Isaac Hecker, the 19th-century founder of the Paulists, a Catholic religious order, said, religion enables you to "correct and connect."

Being spiritual and being religious are both part of being in relationship with God. Neither can be fully realized without the other. Religion without spirituality becomes a dry list of dogmatic statements divorced from the life of the spirit. This is what Jesus warned against. Spirituality without religion can become a self-centered complacency divorced from the wisdom of a community.

That's what I'm warning against.


The Rev. James Martin, a Catholic priest, is culture editor of America.

This essay is excerpted from his new book, The Jesuit Guide to (Almost) Everything
An extended version of this essay can be found on Bustedhalo.com

 
 
 
Everybody seems to be spiritual these days - from your college roommate, to the person in the office cubicle next to yours, to the subject of every celebrity interview. But if "spiritual" is fashionab...
Everybody seems to be spiritual these days - from your college roommate, to the person in the office cubicle next to yours, to the subject of every celebrity interview. But if "spiritual" is fashionab...
 
 
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04:34 PM on 03/18/2010
Religion is fine for those who desire or need it. However, it is not fine if, in the practice of religion one
harms others. History tells us that there has been a great deal of harm caused by religious belief.
01:32 PM on 03/19/2010
People are atheists for personal reasons, and religious for personal reasons.
They rarely love God or the world that he gave us.
If we throw away ideas, whether they be religous or atheist, then what do you have? We all want to cling to something. Atheists cling to mind wars, religious people to wars of judgement, i.e. my religion is better than yours.
So where are the people who love God and his world? and what would they be called?
Anyone know?
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Chaotician101
05:12 PM on 03/16/2010
If by religion you mean a dogmatic construct of a imaginary Deity who requires priests to be understood such as your religion; then your religion is a business and has no spiritual basis whatsoever! If by religion you might perhaps mean a free-association of fellow seekers willing to share their search, results, disappointments, etc. then perhaps this "religious" group could be a positive force...perhaps. I do not really know of such a group and every religion in America is a coercive force to indoctrinate and instill accepted dogma from the enlightened one(s), shame and avoid any and all questions, ignore and gloss over all inconsistencies of doctrine, ignore the typical life styles of those priests leading the way, and in general operate as a confidence scheme stealing the innocence, the wealth, and the time of its adherents! I know of no positive result from any religion that could not be provided better and cheaper by non-religious group! The only thing religion provides is a mechanism to create a tribal group to allow the chosen tribe to act in inhumane manner whether enslaving, destroying, or simply murdering the excluded!
03:43 PM on 03/16/2010
"Being spiritual and being religious are both part of being in relationship with God. Neither can be fully realized without the other. Religion without spirituality becomes a dry list of dogmatic statements divorced from the life of the spirit. This is what Jesus warned against. Spirituality without religion can become a self-centered complacency divorced from the wisdom of a community."

kind of agree, kind of disagree. my life goal has been to be spiritual but never religious. i just have one dogma i follow - live and let live as long as i dont harm no body else physically, mentally, or in any way. i believe the 'wisdom of a community' doenst have to come from religious communities, but anywhere, whether i volunteer or go to a good play, life is full of valuable lessons for me. i usually dont think about god or the creator or all that fancy stuff that no one really knows for sure anyway. i try to understand that there are things within my power and without. i do my best for things i can take care of like everyday's my last day. things i can't control myself, i try to stay positive no matter what it is, for that's the best i can do. i don't fear hell or heaven, i think that's a really, stupid, irrational thing to believe in (have you ever seen a good/evil dichotomy in nature??) live and let live, you live once anyway (to our knowledge).
myaa
Justice - the only way to peace!
02:27 PM on 03/16/2010
For me religion means following a set of rules set by God. If the rules are set by men and changed by men (or women) then by definition it is not a 'religion'.
If one feels that the religion they follow has 'arcane rules' or 'is not logical' they are free to leave that religion and follow something else (atheism maybe). But you cannot change religious rules as per your own whims and facies and still call it the same relgion.
12:23 AM on 03/16/2010
Ahhhhh!, more with the Stalin?! Come on. He didn't commit atrocities in the name of atheism. He committed atrocities in the name of Communism. In contrast, people of religion, in the name of religion, justified by their religion, and for their various gods, have cost countless millions of lives in wars and atrocities. Find just ONE atheist that declared war to spread atheism......there aren't any! Sure you can find both good and bad individuals who are atheists, just as you can with those believing in a God or Gods, but wars and crimes against humanity in the name of Atheism do not exist.

I'm not saying that people wouldn't find other reasons to hurt or kill one another, if religion suddenly disappeared, but it is simply another way to segregate ourselves into groups and define the other group as somehow "evil" or undeserving. How can Christians and Muslims (to pick on the two largest of the Abrahamic faiths) possibly come to terms with other groups, including non-believers, when they see all those that don't believe in their faith as doomed to he //? How can they ever see somebody as an equal with an equal right to their beliefs if they see them as eternally damned and denying God? The box these religions have put themselves in limits them to only being able to play lip service to accepting diversity in beliefs. Non-believers are either ignorant and to be converted, or ignorant and a threat, or competitor.
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Magick1
Dark fire shall not avail you. You shall not pass
01:51 PM on 03/16/2010
Well, that's true. I've seen wrong done in the name of Communism and other social and political artifices, but cannot remember a crusade of atheism anywhere.
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07:04 PM on 03/15/2010
Ethics, morality, honor, integrity and all the other noble virtues do not in any way depend on religion to instill them in the individual. They do however require a life dedicated to the relief of one's ignorance, and this is a matter of one's "works and deeds". Could it be that any system or ideology that supplants the natural developmental trajectory is the problem? I would further argue that spirituality is marked by a capacity to sublimate any idea or thing as a matter of perceiving content, not as a matter of subscription to religion. Perhaps religion is more a way for people to conceal the true measures of their spiritual attainment by its convenience and preemption of individual obligations to self develop in their own spritual ways.
blogisti
Approved Knowledge Only
05:33 PM on 03/15/2010
If you will notice, Jesus didn't belong to organized religion. In fact, organized religion didn't accept him because the religion itself had become self-centered. The love, acceptance, grace and spirituality of the church is based on the individual first accepting that the church is correct in its core teachings. Conditional acceptance or conditional love are anti-christian. So in that sense all organized christianity is anti-christian.
Jesus spoke out against organized religion and lived with the poor on the streets. This is not an example that is being followed by christian churches. Churches cannot make a convincing case for being actual followers of Jesus. They use his name like a brand name. There is no follow through.
10:24 PM on 03/15/2010
Thank you for telling this truth.
03:25 PM on 03/15/2010
The old "Stalin/Hitler Atheism" argument...ugh!

"Never has a causal effect been demonstrated by any historian (much less a theist in a debate) between atheism and the actions of, say, Stalin. Stalin ordered the deaths of thousands because he deemed them a threat to his government –a government that was dogmatic and powerful. Indeed, on could easily argue that Stalin’s position was that he “replaced” God and inserted himself as the national deity with statues and portraits in all public (and many private) lands and buildings. Those that carried out his death warrants did so because they believed in Stalin –because they “worshiped” him.

There are no gulags or concentration camps in recorded history that were designed to fulfill a “lack of belief” in something, which is what atheism is. None were constructed to destroy lives out of reason or rational thought, which is what informs the atheistic conclusion."
04:03 PM on 03/15/2010
I liked this:

"Hitler may not have been an atheist, but I am willing to go along with you on this because either way we have a point of agreement here! Commanding genocide is immoral – are you willing to condemn the God of the Old Testament for commanding genocide?

We both agree, the God of the Bible is as immoral as Hitler and Stalin, right?

Or perhaps you want to say that genocide is only ‘sometimes‘ wrong?”
02:57 PM on 03/15/2010
Forgive me Father for I have sinned:

Late at night when I’m alone I fantasize about a ‘community’ where: consenting adults can sleep with and marry whomever they like; where planned parenting is encouraged through the use of artificial contraceptives; where women are afforded all the opportunities offered to men; where world leaders encourage the use of condoms when addressing millions of people who are afflicted with HIV/AIDS; where analytical thought is cherished; where those that choose to pontificate about sexual mores are at least themselves sexual beings; where moral leaders do not live in billion dollar enclaves but rather live in simple, sustainable homes; where children are not sexually abused by anyone including those who allege to be close to God; where children of homosexual parents are not expelled from school supported in part from public money through the use of vouchers, simply because of their parents consensual sexual preferences; where people are valued because they are kind and generous, because they are selfless and discerning and not because they simply belong to a larger group and are obedient; where the concept of an infallible person is considered absurd; where substance is valued over form; where people are valued simply for the ‘integrity of their character’ and the deeds of their actions.
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bigmacha
Truth through research.
01:49 PM on 03/15/2010
What about the so-called "personal relationship" with god espoused by evangelists? This both the height of smugness and arrogance and, at the same time, a belief that "faith" can accomplish a personal agenda like getting rich, winning athletic contests or damning no-believers to he'll.

One can live a personally happy,fulfilled and satisfactory life without dependence on a credo established 2000 years ago when a long trip was to the next village and the wheel was barely hi-tech.
04:07 PM on 03/14/2010
Those of us, in America, are aghast at genocide. yet it continues on the American continent.
The wild animals, which we shoot without mercy are part of the spirituality of this land. And the destruction and injustic perpetuated on American Indian reservations does not reach our local news media.
So when we stop that killing we will have taken one step towards a civilization that can then boast that it is Christian, until then, please become conscious of this.
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09:41 PM on 03/14/2010
Killing animals is not genocide. Most of the animals we kill are domesticated and only exist, for all intents and purposes, to be killed. Killing of animals for food should always be carried out in the most humane fashion possible, because our own humanity is at stake when we cause needless suffering. Killing animals for fur or pleasure should only be permitted in service to population management. Endangered species should be protected with all the resources at our disposal because biodiversity is one the miracles of the earth and we can't allow our arrogance or selfishness to compromise it.

When and if technology can replace meat producing animals with lab-grown meat I would be the first in line to stop the killing. But PETA's attempts to anthropomorphize animals will never succeed. It is a radical fringe concept. Everybody hates to see a puppy suffer because they have eyebrows and make a sad face. Beyond that animals are a resource...pure and simple, no matter how empathetic you are.
12:49 AM on 03/15/2010
the only population that should be managed are the humans, if we go there
will be no more bombs.
10:14 AM on 03/15/2010
Artboyz::
Do you want peace in America?
We cannot have peace as long as we defile God's world, and this is the wildlife and earth that he is given us. It is not possible.
We need to collectively rethink how we love here and there are many groups and people trying to do so. Unfortunately you won't find it in this column of bloggers.
12:24 PM on 03/14/2010
A mystic once said: Who is closer to God, a religious person or an atheist? She said, an atheist. why? Because while the believer assumes they are automatically 'saved" often it is the atheist who ponders, questions, and is ireconciled with a pat belief system that makes him feel "safe" - Just read Carl Jung's autobiography.
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Talossa
Not all liberals are silly.
05:11 PM on 03/14/2010
My father was a life-long atheist, and growing up, every single person in my circle of friends was atheist as well (as was I). None of those people spent much time pondering, questioning, or not smugly settling for a pat belief system that made them feel safe. When I began to question, it led me to religion. My experience, growing up among atheists, is that their atheism was a dogmatic, exclusive kind of faith, expressed in how proud they were to be smarter than everyone else. On "issues" they were fine -- I inherited my liberal politics from my dad, and have never found any reason to change them. But it was the smug, unquestioning, snooty aspects of atheism that first began to turn me off.
06:19 PM on 03/14/2010
As human beings we "obviously" travel in different circles.
Many nonbelievers, including some apostles were converted - by their own experiences and not by believing in any dogma.
My sisters are born again and more dogmatic and closed minded than any atheists I know. they sound a bit like your atheist family. My Christian friends condmen everyone to hell except their version of Christianity.
I was told by a Mormon follower that only the Mormons are saved.
I had to leave religion to find God. I prayed to God that he find me and he did.
It's actually a bit funny all this.
10:20 AM on 03/15/2010
Dear Talossa,
I think I expressed badly what I was referring to. Please let me try again.
God answers the cry of the heart and he does not care what religion one is or even if one is an atheist. Anyone can read a book and go to church and call themselves religious.
If one cries from the depths of the heart sincerely, at one point an awakening will occur, it will be as simple as a book, or a friend, or a birth of a child, to an angel visiting,
or an apostle visiting, or an ecstatic vision as one friend has. and it has nothing to do with religion and God does not care what religion we are.
some believe God is love, and if we approach God and his world with love, a gentle softness can sometimes be experienced but a receptivity is needed to experience grace.
You said: if I found God, I found religion. For me, it is not religion, but only common sense. to love God and the world he gave us is only common sense.
01:47 AM on 03/14/2010
You're wrong about Communism or Fascism being atheistic doctrines. The cult of personalities around Stalin and Hitler were as fanatical and dogmatic as the religions they supplanted. Hitler and Stalin became "gods" in the eyes of their followers. Frankly, I would contend that atheism had very little impact on Stalin and Hitler's rises. The religious were a part of the opposition and therefore had to be destroyed or suppressed to consolidate their own control. If the dominant religions were organs of communism or fascism themselves, then such dictators would have used them as a tool to seize power. To associate modern day atheists such as Dawkins and Dennett with totalitarian dictators is intellectually dishonest, the equivalent of associating Desmond Tutu with Pope Urban II.

Atheists can do disagreeable, even evil things. I'm an atheist, and Ayn Rand was an atheist, but that point of commonality doesn't ameliorate my disgust for her ideas. Atheists don't claim moral purity due to their lack of God-fearing, but rather they assert that God cannot exist. Moreover, many are the guardians of science and higher education. Look what the religious are trying to do with the biological sciences, and now, even with American history. What is needed is an emphasis on evidenced-based arguments and knowledge, and if there are points of contention, an honest debate.
12:19 PM on 03/14/2010
I love Ayn Rand. She challenged us and her Atlas Shrugged was an
impeccable piece of writing and so was the one about the architect, it's name escapes me
And i am not an atheist.

I remember when I was young, and in the wilderness and at that time in my life, having been raised Roman Catholic and finding them so mean and nasty, I remember being in the wilderness and saying to myself: I will love whoever made this. Why do i have to call it God?

I have atheist friends who love their families and the earth and the wildlife and are full of compassion.
06:54 PM on 03/15/2010
The one about the architect was...Anthem, I think.
02:03 PM on 03/14/2010
RE: the above comment: No one sees God.
I see God everywhere, I see "him/it/her" reflected in trees and in wildlife and in the oceans and in the sunsets and in children and children's laughter. and we see the dark side God in those who are mean and build bombs and destroy.
07:21 PM on 03/13/2010
Curiously, all religions began as spiritual experiences. The "religion" followed. Curiously, the most spiritual of religious men and women were and are often suppressed and/or heavily criticized by their own religions–men like Francis of Assisi or Gandhi, women like Dorothy Day. Why, even the Society of Jesus was disowned by the Catholic Church for defending the rights of the poor and the native peoples of South America!

Religion is divisive by definition. Spirituality, life lived according to informed conscience, creativity and love, is the bedrock of the human/divine relationship.

Not all those who cry "Jesus, Jesus" are people of good will. You will know them by their fruits not their professions of faith.

Ama et fac ut vis.
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angryoldman
No1 told me when 2 run I missed the starting gun
04:10 PM on 03/13/2010
Your Highness, I have no need of this hypothesis.
Pierre Laplace