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Richard Greener

Richard Greener

Posted: April 10, 2010 02:22 PM

The time is now to nominate a strong, decidedly liberal Justice to the Supreme Court. Unlike Congress and the Chief Executive, the makeup of the Court does not change every two, four or six years. The Supreme Court is a co-equal branch of our government. The Presidential responsibility for making nominations may be the most lasting aspect of any President's time in office. Surely President Obama knows, a failure to grasp that opportunity, to be true to the principles of those who elected him because they believed he shared those principles, is plainly unacceptable. Especially now, after the disciplined, unanimous and fiercely partisan opposition of the Republican Party to practically every legislative and policy position of this administration, any effort to placate Republicans on a new Supreme Court appointee would be a betrayal of the 70 million Americans who voted for Barack Obama to be President.

This President has the opportunity and the responsibility to stop the historical shift of the Supreme Court farther and farther to the right. This movement toward a more conservative membership is not a new development for the Supreme Court.

Here's a question: Who was the last newly appointed Justice who was more liberal than the Justice he or she replaced? Take a minute to think about that.

Byron White is the answer. White was named to replace Charles Evans Whittaker, a Justice who was so far to the right he would outflank even today's most conservative Justices. Whittaker resigned after an emotional breakdown and White was named to take that seat. When was this? Byron White was nominated by President John F. Kennedy and confirmed by the Senate in April 1962. Since then, 48 years ago to the month, each and every new Justice named to the Supreme Court has been more conservative than the one replaced. A half-century of inexorable conservative shift. The time to put an end to this is now.

After White's 1962 confirmation there have been 25 other Supreme Court nominees, resulting in 18 new Justices. Included among them have been 3 new Chief Justices. Each of the Chiefs has been successively more conservative. Warren Burger succeeded Earl Warren and was subsequently succeeded by William Rehnquist. As openly conservative as Chief Justice Rehnquist was, in his short tenure thus far his successor, the current Chief Justice John Roberts, has been dramatically more so. There are no umpires in the Chief's seat.

You might point to Justice White's successor to refute the Court's rightward move. Ruth Bader Ginzburg, a stalwart on this Court's liberal side, succeeded Byron White. But, as with all politics, time and distance influence measurement. By contemporary standards Justice White would be the most liberal judge on today's high court. So, Ginzburg, although a liberal herself, has actually been more conservative than her predecessor. Even the Court's first black Justice, the renowned Thurgood Marshall, did not make his seat on the Court any more liberal than it had been before him. Marshall replaced Justice Tom Clark, the man President Truman called, "My biggest mistake." If you can't imagine a Justice more liberal than Thurgood Marshall, remember that Justice Clark wrote the majority opinions in the Court's landmark decisions to ban Bible reading in public schools and to extend the exclusionary protections of the 4th Amendment to the states. How many votes on today's Supreme Court would either of those opinions manage to get?

Since Kennedy named Byron White to the Court, 7 nominees have failed to gain a seat there. Some nominations were withdrawn after the nominating President saw that confirmation would be impossible. Others were voted down in the Senate. A failed nomination is also nothing new in our history. There have been 29 failed Presidential nominees to the Supreme Court beginning with William Paterson, nominated by George Washington in 1793, and going all the way to Harriet Miers who was unsuccessfully nominated by George W. Bush in 2005. Of these nominees who failed to enter the Court, 15 were either withdrawn or the Senate took no action on them. But 14 nominees have gone all the way to a vote in the Senate where they were rejected. The first was John Rutledge in 1795 and the last to meet such a fate was Robert Bork in 1987. It is important to take note that perhaps the two most popular Presidents ever, George Washington and Ronald Reagan, both had Supreme Court nominees rejected by the Senate.

President Barack Obama has an historic opportunity to halt the nearly 50 year conservative shift in the Supreme Court. He was elected by voters who expect him to do just that. The last two Republican Presidents, Bush the Elder and Bush the Younger each nominated the most openly right-wing Justices available. The Elder's legacy will be forever linked to Clarence Thomas and the Younger is responsible for Justice Alito and the Chief Justice John Roberts. The Presidents Bush took principled stands. We expect nothing less from this President.

If we are to really get a change we can believe in, it must come in the Supreme Court. President Barack Obama needs to stand up and proudly nominate a strong, decidedly liberal nominee to replace Justice Stevens. Any nominee who is less should not be confirmed.

 
 
 
 
 
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
sieben13
09:51 AM on 04/26/2010
Amazing that now repuglicans want the president to pick in their view SOMEONE THAT WILL UNITE THE COUNTRY, they didn't care when they were in power. President Obama pick whomever you feel is the best for the country. Forget the repuglicans who don't have yours or the country,s best interest at heart
09:13 PM on 04/13/2010
The larger point -- that the Court has gotten much more conservative in recent decades -- is clearly correct, but the piece is undermined by elementary errors (leaving to one side that Justice Ginsburg's name is misspelled, repeatedly -- not a big deal in itself, except it does hint at perhaps a lack of thorough familiarity with the topic).

It is a stretch to deny that Justice Ginsburg was more liberal than the Justice she replaced, i.e., Byron White. And it is wrong to claim that White is more liberal than say, Stevens -- or indeed, Ginsburg, Breyer, or Sotomayor. While he was "liberal" on some issues -- including some involving race -- he was not more liberal on those issues than any of the aforementioned members of the current court. Among other things, White was in dissent in Roe v. Wade. He joined with Rehnquist, O'Connor, Scalia, Kennedy, Thomas in a series of cases that are anathema to liberals. White authored the decision in Bowers v. Hardwick, upholding states' power to criminalize homosexual sodomy. To claim he was more liberal than Ginsburg, who came to the Court a famous champion of equal rights, is an embarrassing error.
03:56 PM on 04/13/2010
Not gonna happen. He hasn't really taken a stand on anything yet, he's not going to start with this.
HUFFPOST PUNDIT
wethepeople3884
05:29 AM on 04/12/2010
"perhaps the two most popular Presidents ever, George Washington and Ronald Reagan"

PERHAPS NOT! Reagan is loved by some but far from the most popular in general because he never does all that well in democrat rankings. Washington, Lincoln, Jefferson, FDR and JFK are consistently ranked the best of all time in nonpartisan polling. Teddy Roosevelt, Adams and Madison all ranked better than reagan in a 2007 rasmussen poll. If you just take favorability ratings, reagan usually beats out a few of the above but if you take into account favorability and unfavorability, reagan drops like a stone because while he matches up with favorable ratings meaning just pick best president ever, he does far more poorly than anyone in the top ten in unfavorable ratings. Eisenhower, Truman and Andrew Jackson all fall in around the same level as reagan - high up but not even in top 8.

Plus, you have to take into account that america clearly knows nothing about our history. Truman, LBJ and Polk are viewed far more favorably among historians than average americans. Eisenhower is never given credit for his accomplishments as he was likely the last nonpartisan president we ever had. (PLEASE READ COMMENT BELOW)
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HUFFPOST BLOGGER
Richard Greener
Author of The Locator novels
09:05 AM on 04/12/2010
Thanks for your comments. I mention Washington and Reagan as being perhaps the two most popular, not the two best Presidents and not even the top two according to historians. I offered this example to show that if even these Presidents could have nominees withdrawn and/or rejected, Obama could also. Having many people dislike you does not mitigate one's popularity. Just look at President Obama's situation. While getting more votes than any President ever, he nevertheless has many who think he is the most unworthy President ever. You can't please everyone.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Giglawyer
I'm a conservative, and you may not like that.
10:51 AM on 04/12/2010
For the Record, its hardly meaningful to say Obama got more votes than any other President ever. Obama won with 53% of the vote (although that's better than Clinton, who won with 43% in 1992 and 49% in 1996).
HUFFPOST PUNDIT
wethepeople3884
01:40 PM on 04/12/2010
Thank you for responding. I actually addressed this second aspect in my posts below. I will copy it here:

You wrote - "29 failed Presidential nominees to the Supreme Court beginning with William Paterson, nominated by George Washington in 1793"

It should be mentioned that Justice paterson did join the supreme court after his senate term had expired as washington first withdrew the nomination realizing that he accidently violated article 6 of the constitution. Shouldn't it not count if the nominee was withdrawn and later became a justice?

You wrote - "The first was John Rutledge in 1795 and the last to meet such a fate was Robert Bork in 1987."

It should be noted that Washington nominated John Rutledge as he was pivotal in the formation of the court but upon being nominated, despite having many friends in congress and the exec branch, Ruttledge was considered mentally ill and was an alcoholic after his wife's death. He was literally suicidal after being forced to step down as chief justice and gave a speech saying he would rather see george washington (a good friend of his too) die than see the jay treaty signed. I mean that is quite a good reason to reject someone and congress did not even reject the nomination. In fact, congress forced him to resign. They actually passed the nomination and he was chief justice for less than a year, That is quite different than congress rejecting an obama nomination because they fear "activism."
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wethepeople3884
05:29 AM on 04/12/2010
Woodrow Wilson is often crapped upon by americans despite consistently showing up in the top ten among historians. Grant also goes unrecognized for his dedicated service. On the other hand, there is no real accomplishments of JFK to rank him in the top 5. Adams is viewed far more favorably now than he ever was as president or during his lifetime. Madison is also viewed more favorably likely cause both he and adams are renowned for their formation of this government and NOT for their presidencies.

Despite consistently ranked in the top ten, I dont think america has any clue who our 11th president James Polk is or what he did. He led the US in the Mexican-American war. vastly expanded the country increasing its landmass by a third, expanded the executive branch, established a treasury and department of the interior, ushered in an era of free trade after reducing tariffs, opened a US naval academy and issued the first postage stamps. He basically set an agenda, achieved everything he wanted to in a single term and then, stepped down as he had promised to do. Polk almost set himself above the slavery battle, refusing to take either side in order to accomplish his goals. Truman said what made polk a great president is that "he said what he intended to do and did it." Something obama can learn from him. Polk is indisputably, the most underrated american president in history.
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wethepeople3884
05:49 AM on 04/12/2010
According to that 2007 rasmussen poll rating both favorable and unfavorable presidents, James Polk received 27% favorable and 21% unfavorable ratings by Americans. Contrast this with the Times 2008 poll which ranked polk ninth best president of all time and CSPANs 2009 poll which ranks him twelfth best of all time among historians. and scholars. That is quite a divide and it is quite apparent that it is not polk but the country's sheer ignorance on the subject matter that is at play here. Apparently 6 percent of those americans voting know anything about history give or take, No one who knew anything about polk would rank him unfavorably meaning in the bottom half of presidents. This is why popularity contests mean nothing - the american people often don't even know exactly who they are voting for or what they did. Adams who ranked seventh in that same rasmussen poll was voted out of office by a huge margin following his first term and his presidency was largely viewed as a failure. Madison who is ranked eighth in that poll was ranked fifteenth and twentiesth among historians in last two years.
HUFFPOST PUNDIT
wethepeople3884
05:49 AM on 04/12/2010
John Q Adams and Ford are both ranked somewhere in the middle but finished in the top 15 by american voters. I dare anyone of these poll voters to tell me one thing John Q Adams accomplished as president to give him a 59 to 7 percent favorability rating. And at the same time, LBJ who was scorched in the rasmussen poll achieved more in a day than John Q Adams achieved in a term.
04:03 PM on 04/13/2010
Maybe John Q got confused with his dad? LBJ would be at the very top of any list without Vietnam. Even with it he accomplished an awful lot. Yet I still run into people who think he was a bigot who killed JFK.
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HUFFPOST PUNDIT
StJames
In absentia luci tenebrae vincunt
06:21 PM on 04/20/2010
What a great post...every bit of it. So few people know anything about this nation's history or presidents. I wish Caro would have completed his LBJ biography...the first 3 volumes were wonderful.

Do you teach history? Very few people know about crazy John Rutledge.
HUFFPOST PUNDIT
wethepeople3884
04:51 AM on 04/12/2010
The first was John Rutledge in 1795 and the last to meet such a fate was Robert Bork in 1987.

It should be noted that Washington nominated John Rutledge as he was pivotal in the formation of the court at the time but upon being nominated, despite having many friends in congress and the exec branch, Ruttledge was considered mentally ill and was an alcoholic after his wife's death. He was literally suicidal after being forced to step down as chief justice and gave a speech saying he would rather see george washington (a good friend of his too) die than see the jay treaty signed. I mean that is quite a good reason to reject someone and congress forced him to resign. They actually passed the nomination and he was chief justice for less than a year,
HUFFPOST PUNDIT
wethepeople3884
04:40 AM on 04/12/2010
29 failed Presidential nominees to the Supreme Court beginning with William Paterson, nominated by George Washington in 1793

It should be mentioned that Justice paterson did join the supreme court after his senate term had expired as washington first withdrew the nomination realizing that he accidently violated article 6 of the constitution. Shouldn't it not count if the nominee was withdrawn and later became a justice?
10:10 PM on 04/11/2010
That's impossible as the lineup now stands. There are 5 ultra-conservative justices, relatively young. Federalist Society philosophy will dominate SC decisions for decades to come.
01:08 PM on 04/11/2010
This "shift" has been going on for a very long under-handed time. These "conservatives" can't live with free open markets for information and public opinion. And this Supreme Court has for too long allowed the Top 1% with the money to pay think tanks and buy propaganda ads on FCC licenses to usurp individual free choice and self-determination. Now we're in the big mess of defunct industries, anti-competitive oil, rubber tires and combustion engine transportation mono-culture, and declines from #4 to #22 in telecommunications innovation. They weren't for creating wealth for the nation. They were for preserving their wealth against the tides of change. And that is what capitalists are supposed to be all about. Not the last 40 years in the USA!

All this anti-competition happened under their watch, and Lewis Powell who served on that bankrupt court. While the Newsweek reviewer in 1996 may not have recognized any significance to this investigation against GM. Now, with total collapse, mono-cultures, anti-competition in so many industries, I hope he understands the significance of this story and the persistent failure of US courts to protect open competitive markets against the amassed political power of concentrated controlling shareholders in every industry.

http://reclaimdemocracy.org/corporate_accountability/powell_memo_lewis.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_American_streetcar_scandal

http://www.newsweek.com/id/102778
11:50 AM on 04/11/2010
Not likely. Obama just doesn't do confrontation. Too cool for that.
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11:42 AM on 04/11/2010
"By contemporary standards Justice White would be the most liberal judge on today's high court."

Byron "Whizzer" White was never a liberal judge by any standard.

He dissented in Miranda v Arizona writing:
"In some unknown number of cases, the Court's rule will return a killer, a rapist or other criminal to the streets ... to repeat his crime whenever it pleases him. ... The real concern is ... the impact on those who rely on the public authority for protection, and who, without it, can only engage in violent self-help with guns, knives and the help of their neighbors similarly inclined. There is, of course, a saving factor: the next victims are uncertain, unnamed and unrepresented in this case."

He was a consistent foe of the doctrine of substantive due process. In Moore v City of East Cleveland, White dissented writing:
"That the Court has ample precedent for the creation of new constitutional rights should not lead it to repeat the process at will. The Judiciary, including this Court, ... comes nearest to illegitimacy when it deals with judge-made constitutional law having little or no cognizable roots in the ... Constitution. ... [T]he Court should be extremely reluctant to breathe still further substantive content into the Due Process Clause so as to strike down legislation adopted by a State or city to promote its welfare. Whenever the Judiciary does so, it unavoidably preempts for itself another part of the governance of the country without express constitutional authority."
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12:18 PM on 04/11/2010
White also dissented in Roe v. Wade writting:
"The Court simply fashions and announces a new constitutional right for pregnant mothers and, with scarcely any reason or authority for its action, invests that right with sufficient substance to override most existing state abortion statutes. The upshot is that the people and the legislatures of the 50 States are constitutionally dissentitled to weigh the relative importance of the continued existence and development of the fetus, on the one hand, against a spectrum of possible impacts on the mother, on the other hand. As an exercise of raw judicial power, the Court perhaps has authority to do what it does today; but, in my view, its judgment is an improvident and extravagant exercise of the power of judicial review that the Constitution extends to this Court."

White wrote the majority opinion in Bowers v Hardwick which upheld the right of the state to outlaw homosexual acts. This decision was reversed by a 6 - 3 decision of the court in Lawrence v Texas. Three of the six (not counting Stevens) who voted to reverse White remain on the court, Kennedy, Ginsburg and Breyer. At least on this issue, each of them is far more liberal than White.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
LeftRight
TANSTAAFL
01:11 PM on 04/11/2010
Richard didn't say that White was liberal, he said that White is the last time we've had a Supreme Court Justice nominated and placed on the court who was MORE liberal than the person he's replaced....
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02:15 PM on 04/11/2010
I directly quoted Mr. Greener, he said "By contemporary standards Justice White would be the most liberal judge on today's high court." He also said "Ginzburg, although a liberal herself, has actually been more conservative than her predecessor [White]." Both statements are historically inaccurate.

He is also wrong in his claim that the appointment of White was the last time a justice was replaced by a more liberal justice, even ignoring Ginzburg. Arthur Goldberg was much more liberal than Felix Frankfurter and Thurgood Marshall was much more liberal than Tom Clark.
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humanbeing-rick
Born in the USA 1947
10:12 AM on 04/11/2010
After years of right-wing and neo-con influence, our Supreme Court needs to be re-balanced to more accurately represent the people of America. Mr. Obama must pick a very liberal leaning (in todays terms) judge to replace similar characteristics in venerable Judge Stevens.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
jcaunter
Profile: schizoid, INTJ, IQ145
10:03 AM on 04/11/2010
Obama will pick a "centrist" nominee who is acceptable to Wall Street. Any other qualifications--including political disposition--are immaterial.

Obama needs to be abandoned by the left. I really have no idea whatsoever why some left wingers are still supporting him. It's time to move on already people. He is a failure. Start looking for the 2012 Democratic nominee already.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
jcaunter
Profile: schizoid, INTJ, IQ145
09:50 AM on 04/11/2010
Looks like Obama is already looking for ways he can sell out his base. Just what we've come to expect from the spineless one term wonder.

Good job Obama. Way to keep turnout of your former supporters low.

http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0410/35604.html
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
jcaunter
Profile: schizoid, INTJ, IQ145
10:11 AM on 04/11/2010
To reiterate this, Obama says that he's "not looking for a fight."

Obama has not fought for a single thing progressives care about, and has in fact actively sabotaged some causes that the left cares deeply about.

If Obama had an (R) next to his name, you Democratic lefties would be screaming your head off about him, yet you remain oddly quiet. Well, I guess if our government goes ultra-right wing and pro-Wall Street under Democrats, then it's OK, huh?
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Mas
Blame has no expiration date
04:24 PM on 04/11/2010
Seek help
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Mechelle Gray
Excuse Me, Exxxcccuse Me!
06:54 PM on 04/12/2010
Will someone give me the "cliff notes" ... sheesh!
09:31 AM on 04/11/2010
Maybe it's just me but I would think the President would want to nominate someone to the Supreme that would be acceptable to ALL of his consituents...a centrist. The President was not elected by liberals alone. He was also elected by independents. And some conservatives. He is not just the President of the liberals. He has a responsibility to lead as the majority of Americans want him to lead. He campaigned as a centrist. He was elected as a centrist. He has been anything BUT a centrist in his actions so far.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
jcaunter
Profile: schizoid, INTJ, IQ145
09:58 AM on 04/11/2010
You are right. In his actions so far he has been an out and out right winger and Wall Street toady. In fact, he's trying to steal the crown of "biggest Wall Street shill" from the GOP.

Too bad right-winger will never love Obama no matter how much he kowtows to them. But it is entirely possible, even likely, that those of us on the left will come to despise him and *gasp* stop supporting him because of his right-wing antics.
11:06 PM on 04/11/2010
Maybe, but it will be too late.

I can't see it happening before 2012, if ever. Think of all the damage this guy is going to do with 6+2/3 more years as president.
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12:20 PM on 04/11/2010
Many of his constituents have been strongly influenced by Corporate dominated media. Your formula would give THEM, not the people, what they need and want. The downside of the democratic process is that it can be influenced by demagogues. Once, we had laws which protected the public from this kind of interference, but these have been diluted or eliminated by unchecked lobbyist influence. The President should pick whomever is best suited to serve the people's and the Nation's best interest.