iPhone app iPad app Android phone app Android tablet app More

Featuring fresh takes and real-time analysis from HuffPost's signature lineup of contributors
Richard Kirsch

GET UPDATES FROM Richard Kirsch
 

It's the Prices, Stupid: Consumers Don't Drive High Health Care Costs

Posted: 05/11/11 04:43 PM ET

Cross-posted from New Deal 2.0.

Yesterday, Speaker Boehner issued what Robert Bob Borosage of Campaign for America's Future correctly labeled extortion: "Give us trillions in cuts in Medicare and Medicaid or we blow up the economy." Boehner's threat to tie the lifting of the debt ceiling to trillions of cuts in spending would force huge cuts in Medicare and Medicaid.

Actually, there are no health care cost savings in the Ryan-Boehner budget, just cost shifts. The Ryan budget cuts Medicare by shifting more than $6,000 a year to each senior who benefits from it. It shifts Medicaid costs to state taxpayers by cutting federal funding to states for the program.

While the extremes of the Ryan-Boehner budget have been widely decried, the underlying assumption behind their Medicare privatization plan is too often accepted by a broad array of health policy advisers. The Ryan budget assumes that the problem with health costs is that consumers don't pay enough out of pocket for care and that plans are too generous. Unfortunately, that's also been the view of some Democratic health policy advisers. White House officials backed the taxation of higher cost health plans in the Affordable Care Act (ACA), and others like former Clinton OMB Director Alice Rivlin support a less draconian version of Medicare privatization.

But the reason that health care costs so much in the United States is not that we consume too much health care; it's that we pay too much for what we consume. As Uwe Reinhardt and three other health economists summarized succinctly after comparing the prices we pay and the amount of health care we use in the United States with other developed countries, "It's the prices, stupid."

For example, we make one-third fewer doctor visits a year than people in other countries but we pay an average of $59 for an office visit, compared with $31 in France. Our doctors make a lot more money than their colleagues in other countries. Adjusting pay across countries by purchasing power, U.S. doctors get paid about two times as much as in others. A Congressional Research Service analysis found that specialists in the United States are paid about $50,000 a year more than would be predicted, even considering the higher level of wealth in the United States.

We go to the hospital a lot less, too, and when we're there we don't stay as long. But we pay a lot more. The average hospital stay costs us $3,181, compared with $837 in Canada. We do get a lot more MRIs in the United States, more than twice as much as other countries, and we also pay a lot more for each scan: an average of $1,200 compared to $839 in Germany. And as everyone knows, the price of brand-name prescription drugs is much higher in the United States than other countries.

Why do we pay so much more for the same product? The biggest reason is that other countries understand that health care is a public good, not a commodity. Markets can't control health care prices, since it is health care providers who decide what care is delivered. When providers determine both demand and supply, market economics don't apply.

Even in the United States, with all the political pressure from the doctor, hospital, and drug lobbies, we can see how a public insurance entity does a better job of controlling prices than private insurance. Medicare sets prices and pays $500 for an MRI, less than half the $1,200 U.S. average. Even with its older patients, Medicare pays $2,200 for an average hospital stay, almost 50 percent less than the U.S. average.

Private insurance companies not only fail to control prices, they add costs. The private insurance companies that Ryan wants to hand Medicare over to are the primary reason that we spend more than four times as much on administrative and insurance costs in the United States as other countries.

Which brings us to another market-driven argument that underlies the Ryan proposal and other conservative nostrums for controlling health care costs: that because Americans have insurance they are not prudent purchasers of health coverage. Again, the international comparison should put this to rest, as in all those other countries, with much lower health spending, everyone is fully covered. In these countries, the only prudent purchaser is the government, which is responsible for getting lower prices. As it is, the amount that Americans pay out-of-pocket for health care is already a lot more than consumers in other developed countries, even accounting for our higher incomes.

The Obama budget plan begins to address the root causes of high health care costs by increasing the authority of a new public entity designed to control what Medicare pays for health care. The President contrasted his budget approach with that of the Republican budget in his April 13th budget address at George Washington University, saying:

"Their plan essentially lowers the government's health care bills by asking seniors and poor families to pay them instead. Our approach lowers the government's health care bills by reducing the cost of health care itself."

The centerpiece of Obama's plan to control Medicare costs is to add additional powers to a new body established under the ACA called the Independent Payment Advisory Board (IPAB). The IBAP will function as a kind of military base closing commission for Medicare. If the growth in Medicare costs exceeds a target amount, then it would institute cost control measures that would go into effect unless Congress intervened. Since cutting eligibility and benefits are not part of the IPAB mandate, cost savings would have to come from the actual drivers of cost: the prices paid for services and the way health care services are delivered.

Obama's budget proposal would strengthen the IPAB's current authority, although the details of how to do that have not yet been specified. As you can imagine, it is already a target of attack from health care providers who are finding a sympathetic ear among both Republicans and Democrats in Congress. It's also a favorite target of the right, which calls it "Obama's death panel."

The battle being fought over Medicare is, like every other economic issue that faces the nation, a matter of power and a test of our democracy. We can control health care costs and improve the quality of care by addressing the root causes: our market-driven health care system pays too much for care and rewards quantity over quality. But changing the way we finance and pay for health care will mean putting the interest of consumers over the power of the industry lobby. For the doctors, hospitals, drug companies, medical device manufacturers and insurance companies, a dollar saved is a dollar lost in revenue.

The firestorm of popular opposition to the Ryan Medicare plan is because he chose to side with industry over seniors. But with Boehner threatening to hold the economy hostage, and a health industry that has enormous lobbying clout, the future of our nation's national health insurance system for seniors and the disabled remains in grave doubt.

 
Cross-posted from New Deal 2.0. Yesterday, Speaker Boehner issued what Robert Bob Borosage of Campaign for America's Future correctly labeled extortion: "Give us trillions in cuts in Medicare and Med...
Cross-posted from New Deal 2.0. Yesterday, Speaker Boehner issued what Robert Bob Borosage of Campaign for America's Future correctly labeled extortion: "Give us trillions in cuts in Medicare and Med...
 
 
  • Comments
  • 157
  • Pending Comments
  • 0
  • View FAQ
Comments are closed for this entry
View All
Favorites
Bloggers
Recency  | 
Popularity
Page: 1 2 3 4 5  Next ›  Last »  (5 total)
10:20 PM on 05/14/2011
Its also cheaper in all the countries mentioned above because of 1) limited ability to sue (80K and up on malpractice premiums in blue states like Illinois, 2) the government subsidizes the cost of education - 50k/year in the US, 3) doctors don't have to perform futile and expensive treatments on patients who will die no matter what is done but do it so they won't get sued, Control for all the above and there will be enough money in the system to treat the uninsured.
02:11 PM on 05/12/2011
Agreed - medical costs ARE too high. And in the near-term, it's hard for consumers to slow down that trend. But we aren't utterly powerless. We can start shaking up the status quo at our next doctor visit (and just why do I need to come back in two weeks?) -- it might look something like this: http://whatstherealcost.org/video.php?post=five-questions
12:20 PM on 05/12/2011
Original, documented investigation, “Kaiser Permanente-KPMG Independent Auditor Bid Rigging,” is posted at http://www.hmohardball.com/sox.html
Robert D. Finney, Ph.D.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
skywalk
Left of Center and Job Creator
10:45 AM on 05/12/2011
I read an Editorial/Opinion in the Portland Press Herald and the person likened health insurance to car insurance. We don’t expect our vehicle insurance company to pay to maintain our car we only use it as accident or catastrophic insurance. I couldn’t agree more. Can you imagine how much home owners insurance would be if we expected them to pay for everything from maintenance to utilities? We need to rethink our health insurance needs. My idea I think would cut down on fraud and waste with Medicare/Medicaid if people had to pay a % of the bill, they would make better decisions and it would create consumer driven market, where people would shop around for the best prices! Lower administration costs, limited profit off health insurance, more people covered, competition for services & pharmaceuticals and free preventive care & catastrophic insurance only (like we purchase for everything else in life) would lower our healthcare costs! Or at least I think it would!
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Twohairydogs
My micro-brew is empty
11:16 AM on 05/12/2011
Never lose sight of the fact that cars are cars and people are people. Do not dehumanize us. If you wreck your car, you buy a new one. We don't need to rethink our health insurance needs. We need to rethink the way the system works by an emphasis on preventative care and limiting profits. If you want to help your elderly grandma through all of her health choices and cost comparisions, be my guest but it won't work for most of us.
photo
HUFFPOST PUNDIT
redstateblues69
11:28 PM on 05/12/2011
Car insurance doesn't cause bankruptcy, disability or promote early demise. 2 Million go bankrupt yearly, 45,000 die with survivors going on Medicaid and disability under our current system. Additionally, we don't pay 60B in unpaid tow fees like we do for ER visits.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
skywalk
Left of Center and Job Creator
10:44 AM on 05/12/2011
My idea: there should be 2-3 plans all similar to HSA plans, 1 would replace Medicaid/Medicare (deductible based on income)& the other 2 would available to everyone else. If government run maybe just 1 plan, but if privately run limit profit/ceo pay/overhead costs to keep premiums down. I like the HSA plan because what it really does is insure you in case of an accident or major illness, but you don’t waste your $ on insurance you don’t use. Example we have options at work I could pay $1260 a month for a HMO plan (but still need to pay copays) or $682 for an HSA family plan have to pay the first $3K per person up to $6K total out of pocket after $6K it is paid in full. $6K may seem like a lot but I only typically spend less than $1000 a year and if I had done this in my 20’s I would have paid nothing towards my deductible (both cover preventive care 100%) so it would have only cost me $8184 in premiums but either way max if it would have been less than $14K a year & with the HMO just the premium would be over $15K and then you add co-pays on everything its more! I’d rather put money into my HSA account then to an insurance company, if I don’t use it for healthcare I can fund an IRA with it!
photo
HUFFPOST PUNDIT
redstateblues69
11:31 PM on 05/12/2011
HSAs work in tandem with an insurance policy? If you're denied insurance for preexisting, what good does it do?
10:43 AM on 05/12/2011
I have personally seen and dealt with many insurance companies regarding authorization for medical treatment, the first step in talking to an adjuster for millions of Americans. Bottom rung employees who indocrination by the company makes them feel as though it is "their" money you want to pay for a CAT scan, an Xray or an MRI, let alone medication and or surgery.

The process is deliberately slow, then the next step is their supervisor, unless you know the system and or the people you rarely get beyond that point. All too many times the fastest intervention was filing for a hearing in court and with the courts backed up even fast tracking was a hinderance.

I do not trust private insurance companies to do the right thing, something not mentioned or discussed by Borhner, Ryan or Cantor who seemingly assume everything will go swimmingly.

Obama's plan addresses the cost of care, something the GOP will not address.

The Ryan plan merely shuffles things around, transfers trillions of dollars to private health industry companies, hospitals, doctors and pharmaceuticals.

The Ryan vouncher plan places Americans at great risk without recourse, saves nothing but does mightily enrich their base, corporate America.

Boehner, Ryan and Cantor, try representing Americans and not corporate America.

Other than that it's time America got rid of all of you in 2012.

There can be no reasonable debate when the debate starts with an ultimatum.

Whats the GOP is doing is dangerous.
Linda from Deerfield
Paying attention
10:17 AM on 05/12/2011
Thank you to the author for pointing out yet another Republican idea that does nothing except move costs around, and probably adds costs by inserting profit into the equation. In the case of health care, we know this argument is correct because business said, in response to pleas for single payer, that they cannot win in competing on cost with the government.
photo
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
raker
09:32 AM on 05/12/2011
This is the best article I've read on the rotten state of our health care system and the rotten politicians who fight to keep it that way. It's not the "cost" that's killing us, it's the prices.

The health care industry has been blaming us consumers for all the ills of the system since the beginning of so-called managed care thirty years ago. After years of cutting benefits to the bone, now they're shifting more of the charges for health care directly to us and calling it cost-cutting. I call it backbreaking. What a sweet deal for insurance companies, collecting huge monthly premiums but paying out very little due to high deductibles. And now poor people will be required by law to buy these cheapo, worthless insurance plans that give them nothing. And they call it reform.

While we're on the subject, it makes my blood boil when I hear people, especially Democratic politicians who are supposed to be our allies, call comprehensive health coverage "cadillac health plans." I heard Nancy Pelosi spit that one out a few times. It's meant to denigrate the very idea of people having plans that provide comprehensive benefits, as though that were a shameful thing, as though it's dishonorable to have sufficient insurance to keep us from poverty in the event of catastrophic illness. What the...?
photo
HUFFPOST PUNDIT
blingbling65943
09:48 AM on 05/12/2011
I understand your frustration,

But the Recent Health care reform mandates a certain level of coverage, which time will tell if its comprehensive enough.

And the Poor, as well as the Business they work for, will get alot of help paying for these plans.

Its not perfect, but its a great step forward
photo
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
raker
11:40 AM on 05/12/2011
I have great health insurance. It used to be, pardon the expression, a "Cadillac plan," but today it's more of a Camry plan, but it's the best plan around—and it costs me a stinking fortune for a yearly deductible, office co-pays, hospital deductibles and copays, and drug copays. I save money on many prescriptions by bypassing insurance because the regular retail price is cheaper than the co-pay. I consume enough health care to nearly meet my deductible each year, but not quite, so my yearly out-of-pocket amount is in the thousands. I effectively have minimal coverage due to the deductible. That's with my almost-kickass Camry plan. The people with the Yugo plans are going to get fleeced. It's not necessary to wait and see, it's all there in the benefit descriptions before the first dime is paid by either party.

Health care reform, in my view, was a huge leap backward. The advantages are puny. Maybe the most significant advantage is that covered people will get to pay the insurance-negotiated discounts instead of the exorbitant regular prices, but if you're poor or struggling then $5,000 might as well be $5 million; discounts don't make much difference. And the health reform law is an enormous disadvantage because it cemented the dominance of the for-profit insurance industry over our lives well into the future.
This user has chosen to opt out of the Badges program
photo
mosuro
Snake Oil
09:19 AM on 05/12/2011
As a patient you have no idea what the costs are until after-the-fact. Prices need to be upfront. I'm tired of the "don't worry you have insurance" phrase. Physicians/Hospitals are gouging the consumers.
09:13 AM on 05/12/2011
If we could cut through the bull we would see that the for-profit private health care system has failed to deliver affordable health care for many millions of Americans and if the political system was not so corrupted by money we would have had a single-payer universal health care system many years ago.
photo
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Forrester1
09:03 AM on 05/12/2011
These posts are backwards in order, I apologize for the inconvenience.
photo
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Forrester1
09:02 AM on 05/12/2011
Now we have to ask ourselves if we have the legal/social power to do all this? YES. In 1935, Congress enacted the PUHCA (Public Utility Holding Corporation Act) legislation, essentially taking over the access, distribution, and cost of (primarily) electricity. This is the model we have to look at. After all, health care and health education serve us all in the long run. We can do all this, but it will require talking to each other, compromise, and the generation of political will. Let’s talk!

SPECIFIC RECOMMENDATIONS:
1) Take the handcuffs off of ARNP’s and allow them to practice and prescribe independent of physician oversight.
2) Eliminate Part B of Medicare in healthcare facilities and begin the transition to hospital based physicians providing 24/7 medical care.
3) Implement national staffing ratios for RN’s in ICU’s, telemetry floors and med-surg units.
4) Implement RN ratios in rehab, skilled nursing, and nursing home facilities.
5) Implement a 25 cent tax on fast food, junk food, and high calorie foods.
6) Begin the movement to community based health care systems.
7) Mandate the use of Intensivists for any facility with more than 20 intensive care unit beds.
8) Require the CEO of any healthcare system to have an RN license.
photo
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Forrester1
09:02 AM on 05/12/2011
The financing of this system is also important. Physicians deserve to get paid for services, no one argues that. They also need protection from exorbitant malpractice and/or pity awards. The community system will need stand-by revenues as well as operational reimbursement. We can do all this with the revenue we have, since we currently spend between 30 and 40% in administrative fees and around 20% in the last two weeks of life. An actualized healthcare system can begin to significantly reduce this. In terms of taxes, we now tax cigarettes (#2 cause of morbidity) and alcohol (#3 cause of morbidity) but not the #1 cause, junk and fatty foods. This tax alone would generate enough revenue to fund Medicaid in every State and have enough left over to activate a true public health force. Vital systems within the health care system should not be paying for utilities or utility system service. Consider this the public contribution, since we will in all possibility be able to eliminate all or at least a significant portion of the county and state homeowners tax in those districts currently paying for health care!
photo
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Forrester1
09:01 AM on 05/12/2011
We need also to look at how the healthcare system is administered. If we want to create true community based healthcare systems, then we need to restructure that system. Each secondary/tertiary hospital would be assigned a geographic area, and then made accountable for the delivery of services. Nursing homes, rehab facilities, and even home health services would fall under the control of the community system, doing away with the compartmentalized for-profit entities. Thus, significant corporate/administrative savings would be evident as well as retention of profits into the not-for-profit community system. No more stockholders, no more corporate overhead, no more wasteful bribery to physicians for services. I believe this system should be put under the control of nursing in order to balance out the ethical forces. Yes, CFO’s would still be needed for financial direction, but we could focus on services with both long term and short term benefits. It would amount to a social contract with nursing, and we could then hold nursing accountable for the results.
photo
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Forrester1
09:00 AM on 05/12/2011
The key to long term health is getting more and more people (especially women) into the healthcare process. Women are the key determinants of the health status and relationship of the family to the health care system. Nurse practitioners are well grounded in providing health care and health education to underserved populations, especially women, often with innovative and out-of-the-box- solutions.
The practice of medicine has to be changed. We need to create a community based primary care provider system which is rewarded for keeping patients out of the high cost medical centers, and a medical center physician/provider core which is NOT rewarded for keeping people IN the hospital. We should do away with payments for providers in the secondary and tertiary systems and make them employees, working regular shifts and providing care/interventions/diagnostics around the clock. Trying to force an around-the-clock care system into a 9-5 business model is inefficient and wasteful. Malpractice rates can be adjusted based on the performance of the entire medical staff, thus creating an empowered peer review process which would demand excellence.