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Robert D. Stolorow

Robert D. Stolorow

Posted: May 16, 2009 11:09 AM

The Perils of Ideology and the Virtue of Obama's Contextual Thinking


In the course of her efforts to comprehend the atrocities wrought by totalitarianism in the 20th century, epitomized in the horrors of Auschwitz, philosopher Hannah Arendt provided a brilliant analysis of the essence of political ideology. Such "isms," said Arendt, claim to explain all historical happenings by deducing them from a single self-evident idea or premise -- e.g., that history "progresses" through the elimination of inferior races (Nazism) or decadent classes (communism). Once established, these ironclad logical systems become, like paranoid delusions, immune to the impact of actual experience. Further, they readily devolve into systems of totalitarian terror, as they give warrant to the unbridled liquidation of anyone or anything believed to impede the historical process, including all human freedom, spontaneity, and individuality.

An ugly, dangerous "ism" took possession of the American psyche in the wake of the collective trauma of September 11, 2001. It was a vulgar form of the ancient ideology known as "Manichaeism" -- the idea that the movement of history is explained by an eternal struggle between the forces of good and the forces of evil. Bush used Manichaean ideology to mobilize a traumatized America to embark upon a deadly and disastrous holy crusade against the forces of evil and to invade Iraq in particular.

We are always more vulnerable to the spell of destructive ideology in times, such as these, of collective trauma and crisis. It is therefore reassuring that President Obama is a leader who seems for the most part capable of resisting the coercive grip of ideology. Since his election campaign, he has shown himself to be able to transcend the false dichotomies and polarities (versions of Manichaeism) that have traditionally divided us, seeking instead the common ground that can unite us. And he makes decisions, not on the basis of allegiance to a self-evident idea or premise, but with an appreciation of context and complexity. He even demonstrates, to the chagrin of ideologues on both sides of the aisle, a refreshing capacity to change his mind (on the question of military tribunals, for example), if called for when new aspects of a particular context are brought to light. Awareness of context, particularity, and complexity is one of the best antidotes to the poisoning lure of ideology.

 
 
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
ResearchGirl
04:58 AM on 05/19/2009
It's interesting that when a Christian embraks on the Christian process of dialogue, of walking the extra mile, he gets accused of lacking any overarching philosophy.

Some processes take time - call it evolution - and lasting change cannot occur through issuing and revising diktats; they can only occur when a majority of the people involved ultimately buy into a significant part of the proposed change.

You don't turn an aircraft carrier going full steam over the horizon in the wrong direction during a Force Ten gale in a couple of hours, guys.
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HUFFPOST COMMUNITY MODERATOR
Weirdwriter
02:36 AM on 05/19/2009
I think President Obama said it better. And shorter.
11:09 PM on 05/18/2009
Ideology or no ideology, Obama is making bad choices. He is becoming a war president of W's ilk. He has made bad choices in the matter of bail outs. He is preventing prosecuting of W & crew & those responsible for the melt down & the growing recession, soon to become the mother of all depressions.
Where are the Obama changes that Obama spoke of while campaigning?
Pres Obama is emulating W. Pres Obama is repeating W's mistakes.
09:55 PM on 05/18/2009
Great blog Robert! I too have admired Obama's contextual thinking. He is a master of putting all true-isms withing a context (post-modern thinking) and often challenges ideology when it shows up.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Lynwood Walker
06:37 PM on 05/18/2009
This is an intellectually bankrupt argument. As has been said repeatedly, this lack of an ideology has become an ideology. Just because theirs multiple views in a debate does not mean neither sides argument are more valid.

At least with liberal and conservative ideology their is a consistent intellectual philosophy that governs the positions taken over a wide range of topics. With the president's and your choice of ideology, no such reasoning exist. To you guys, the correct answer all ways falls in the middle of whatever the loudest voices are saying. If someone says the sky is blue and another the sky is yellow, you will proclaim with a smile that the sky must surely be green, shake everyone's hands, and praise the spirit of bipartisan compromise. That is senseless, and anti-intellectual.
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Querent
I just had to say that.
05:53 PM on 05/18/2009
The author is espousing an ideology, which boils down to the self-evident premise, "Ideology is bad."

As for Obama's contextual thinking--- seems more like Neocontextual thinking to me.
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DiogenesOfAlaska
Mitt Romney for president - of the Cayman islands!
05:26 PM on 05/18/2009
'Bush used Manichaean ideology to mobilize a traumatized America to embark upon a deadly and disastrous holy crusade against the forces of evil and to invade Iraq in particular.'

When Obama gave his 'a more perfect union' speech, I knew that THIS page had been turned. Whatever causes 'chagrin to the ideologues' now, it is not ideological blindness on behalf of the administration.

There's no way to make dissent go away in a democracy, but there's certainly a way to be aware of the results and the effects of power. To use trauma as a means to increase power is not among them. When you think about it, this process is in itself traumatizing. Which is among the themes of the 'a more perfect union' speech.
04:25 PM on 05/18/2009
This column is too vague to have much redeeming value.

Are we supposed to cheer because Obama was able to transcend the divide between civil rights advocates who believe that no man is above the law and torture apologists who believe that "when the President does it, it is not illegal"?

No thanks.
ThePeacemakers
Concerned Citizen
02:10 PM on 05/18/2009
"It is therefore reassuring that President Obama is a leader who seems for the most part capable of resisting the coercive grip of ideology.."

Except for the MAIN IDEOLOGY that has morally (and on the way to financially) bankrupted this nation:
American exceptionalism. He's said he believes in it over and over again.

American exceptionalism is the type of thinking that says: We can bomb everybody, but nobody else can have bombs (even if having them is the only thing keeping the US from invading your country). We are exempt from the rules of the Geneva convention, but everybody else has to follow them...I don't even have the time to get into how the roots of "American exceptionalism" can be found in "white supremacy"...
04:52 PM on 05/18/2009
American exceptionalism was originally coined by Alexandre de Toqueville, and what he meant was that the American experience resembled no other nation for all sorts of reasons. In particular the fact that it had been immune to outside interference after the revolution thanks to the Atlantic as opposed to France who had to fend off all its neighbors.
Only latter have some radical ideologues changed the original meaning of the term to encompass what you describe, i.e. an Empire.
In other words the original meaning was that the United States was unique, and it latter was corrupted to mean it was "better".
I can only hope he means he believes in the original meaning of the term.
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03:57 PM on 05/19/2009
I believe he said "America is great because she is good. If she ceases to be good she will cease to be great." I don't think the drew this conclusion from our Government, but instead travelled through America, meeting her people.
Probably he said these words before Manifest Destiny , was proclaimed.
10:14 PM on 05/17/2009
The nature of destructive ideologies (i.e. what makes them destructive as opposed to merely vulgar) is seldom discussed, though I agree that this is a critical time to ask ourselves such questions and to warn about ideologies. Point well taken.
jhNY
Mercy.
02:54 PM on 05/17/2009
This great man will continue to amaze everybody by taking his immense popularity and dashing it on the rocks of compromise with folks who never do on issues for which he doesn't need the support of the opposition, because he has no over-arching philosophy-- just an irrestible need to occupy the sensible center of every debate-- even when there isn't one. Sometimes the absence of an 'ism' yields no good result either, unless you count 'careerist politician' as a positive.
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HUFFPOST COMMUNITY MODERATOR
PATina
01:40 PM on 05/18/2009
Sometimes the absence of an 'ism' yields no good result either, unless you count 'careerist politician' as a positive.

Yup... and if these boards on Huffing ton are an example... it seems likely that the absence of an "ism" becomes and "ism" unto itself.
ThePeacemakers
Concerned Citizen
02:30 PM on 05/18/2009
Obama's "contextual thinking" is SURVIVAL instinct. Literally and figuratively...
This "contextualized thinking" is how do I help people (PEOPLE over profits) when the people who are in Washington and around Washington are nothing short of DEADLY about PROFITS over People?

Where do you people think you live? Do you think Nov. 22, 1963 was just a dream???
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Querent
I just had to say that.
05:57 PM on 05/18/2009
I'm very impressed with how the President places PEOPLE over profits. That must be why the autoworkers were pressured to bust their contracts, while the banks have experienced no penalty at all for impoverishing most of the rest of us.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
poorpearl
www.juliaschwartzart.com
01:10 PM on 05/16/2009
yes, well said, although I am saying it through gritted teeth. Sometimes I want an ideologue when it's my agenda that will finally be put in motion. Still, these decisions of his are making for great moments of hilarity on radio when you get to hear Tony Blankley and David Brooks praising Obama's good judgment.
11:50 AM on 05/16/2009
Excellent - well said.