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Robert E. Scott

Robert E. Scott

Posted: September 8, 2010 04:59 PM

Larry Summers, Director of the National Economic Council, returned empty handed from meetings this week with Chinese President Hu Jintao and other senior government officials. Although China announced in June that it would allow its currency to fluctuate, the yuan has gained less than one half of one percent since then. Summers was officially rebuffed by a spokeswoman for China's Foreign Ministry, who said, "Our exchange rate reform can't be pressed ahead under external pressure." Time has run out on negotiations. The House Ways and Means and the Senate Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs Committees will both hold hearings next week on China currency and will consider tough legislation such as Congressman Tim Ryan and Tim Murphy's Currency Reform for Fair Trade Act (HR 2378) and similar legislation introduced by Senators Chuck Schumer and Lindsay Graham.

Currency manipulation by China and several other Asian nations makes their goods artificially cheap and makes U.S. exports artificially expensive in China and in world markets. Chinese foreign exchange reserves, the main instrument of currency manipulation, reached an unprecedented $2.5 trillion this past June. The Chinese yuan or Renminbi (RMB) is estimated to be at least 35% to 40% undervalued, relative to the U.S. dollar. With no change in exchange rates and the growth of illegal subsidies and other unfair trade practices, it is no surprise that structural imbalances in trade and capital flows are resurfacing as the global economy recovers from the worst recession in 70 years. The growth of the U.S. trade deficit with China between 2001 and 2008 eliminated 2.4 million U.S. jobs; Ending currency manipulation now could create at least one million badly needed jobs.

Summers and Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner have been pleading for more time since last April, when Treasury announced the delay of a Congressionally mandated report on currency manipulation. Treasury wanted more time for bilateral Strategic and Economic Security Dialogue (S&ED) meetings, for the G-20 meeting and for Summer's trip this week with Thomas E. Donilon, Deputy National Security Advisor. Treasury officially refused to admit the obvious, that China's currency is 35-40% undervalued and is being manipulated; the currency report that was finally released on July 8 admitted that the data "suggest that the renminbi remains undervalued" but concluded that "no major trading partner of the United States" was manipulating its exchange rate. It was a laughable, failed attempt to deny the obvious elephant in the room: China is clearly manipulating its currency.

The failure of negotiations to bring about a significant revaluation of the RMB demonstrates that China will not change its policy unless and until it is confronted with the threat of real trade sanctions. If enacted, or even if approved by either chamber, the China currency measures currently under discussion in the House and Senate would send a strong message to both the Chinese government and the Obama administration. Congress could send an even stronger message by enacting an across-the-board restraint on imports from China and other currency manipulators, such as the Schumer-Graham currency measure of 2005, S. 295, which would have imposed trade sanctions if China failed to revalue. In 2005, 67 members of the Senate approved this legislation on a procedural vote. While S. 295 never became law, that summer China did allow its currency to float, and it rose 20% over the next three years. China has shown that it will not allow its currency to rise significantly unless Congress or the administration gets tough. The Obama economic team has shown that it has no backbone. Congress should adopt tough, across the board currency sanctions now.

 
 
 
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Erdgeist
per omnia extrema
11:18 AM on 09/13/2010
China's undervalued RMB also makes Chinese labor CHEAP which explains the giant whooshing sound of U.S. businesses going to China to use CHEAP Chinese labor. Apple Inc. for example, uses 250,000 Chinese workers through Foxconn.
07:50 PM on 09/08/2010
Besides, I could never figure out the argument that the protectionists make (or assumes), that it is GOOD for Americans to pay more for things they buy. How could paying through the nose be good? Even the argument that paying higher prices would create American jobs is purely bogus. Higher prices means lower consumption. It also means the concomitant loss of retail jobs - a loss of many more jobs than any jobs that are coming back to the U.S. (if not China, the imports would just shift to other low cost countries, such as Vietnam or Bangladesh, as textiles already have). Further, protectionism will for sure beget same coming back, and American exporters will be blocked from the fastest growing export market that is China. More loss of jobs - many of them in manufacturing.

Net result of protectionist moves would mean FEWER jobs for Americans.
06:27 PM on 09/08/2010
Yes, hopefully Congress will ACT this time. See another blog on this issue
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/george-t-haley/when-government-fails-gra_b_706305.html

In 1971, the US faced a similar problem from Japan and Germany -- but it was far less severe. At that time, we imposed a temporary 10 percent surcharge on imports, which we removed after Germany and Japan raised the dollar value of their currencies. China will probably never change its policies unless fthey face a much larger similar surcharge (probably around 40%.
06:42 PM on 09/08/2010
So what HAPPENED to the trade deficit with Japan and Germany? Did they go away?

With Japan, it steadied at around -$70 Billion a year.

With Germany, it was around -$45 Billion a year.

They never went away, or even drop by any significant amount, did they? Most of the "drop" actually were due to moving the finishing (in "processing trade") to China, so the numbers are masked as Made in China.
06:50 PM on 09/08/2010
cboguy:

Have you ANY IDEA what the immediate effect of a 40% tariff on imports from China would mean?

1. Another 10 million retail jobs GONE overnight. (Oh, not to fear - according to Scott it will generate a million new jobs for America - it all balances out, right? Right?!)

2. Consumer prices for many products going up by 50% immediately, meaning that the poor in America suffer even more.

3. Those who short the retailers will make a killing (in fact I am buying really "out there" put options if it ever sounds likely that the protectionist demagogues will have their way).

Consumers pay through the nose, American industries that rely on China sources for input factors (and there are LOTS of them) are no longer competitive, and the list of woes go on.
05:57 PM on 09/08/2010
Actually the longest term example would be Japan. Since the 1970s, the Yen has risen from 300 Yen per Dollar to the present rate of less than 90 Yen per US$. Has America's trade deficit with Japan shrunk any yet?

The protectionist demagogues in Washington have no facts and can only trade on the basest of human emotions, and they do not care a whit that ALL American consumers have to pay through the nose to indulge their flights of fancy.
05:43 PM on 09/08/2010
Scott and his ilk are deceptive in that they invarisably failed to point out, that during the last period when the RMB went up more than 20% in valuation (between 2005 and 2008), the U.S. trade deficit with China actually INCREASED SIGNIFICANTLY. Same was true when the Euro went from $1.0/Euro to $1.50/Euro - American trade deficit with Europe actually WENT UP.

Trade balance has little to do with exchange rates, but is more of a question of having the right persons (well trained and motivated) selling what the other wants. Yes Scott simply is not capable of understanding even the most fundamental.

Minor detail, I'm sure. Are you?
06:36 PM on 09/08/2010
Currency is only one of many export-promoting subsidies that China uses. The USA is not the only one protesting China's subsidization. You really should read more than Chinese propoganda and HuffPo blogs with the word China in them...
07:29 PM on 09/08/2010
WHERE is this Chinese "propoganda" you are referring to? I keep trying to find them, but the Chicoms are really quite terrible in explaining their case. That's why the demagogues are having such a field day.

ALL countries subsidize. According to Bloomberg, America subsidized the financial industry alone to the tune of $12.8 Trillion (I have another source that says $14.4 Trillion). Since that money was to be loaned out to keep the other American industries afloat, it was one grand subsidy scheme, illegal under the WTO, and LARGER than ALL of the subsidies by all other nations combined.

Subsidization was never the cause. Other nations love subsidization - China loves buying subsidized American wheat and corn since they are cheaper. The reason America has such horrendous deficits, is because America had never cared much about pushing exports, which requires selling. Selling required having the properly trained salesmen (would you send the likes of Scott!!) that are motivated to sell, and actually offering what the other guys want (instead of having that 50 mile long list of things that America REFUSES to export).