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Robert Hughes, Jr.

Robert Hughes, Jr.

Posted: January 13, 2011 03:34 AM

Practice usually improves performance. This seems to be true for sports, music, and dance, but what about marriage? The most significant change in family living over the past 50 years has been the rise in the number of couples who are living together prior to getting married. In the 1970s only about 10% of couples reported living together without being married. By the late 1990s, about half of women ages 15-44 reported that they had lived with a partner without being married.

This has prompted scientists to ask the question, does practice living together improve marital relationships and reduce the risk of divorce? The answer seems to be "no."

Scott Stanley at the University of Denver and his colleagues studied people who were in their first or second marriages to find out how cohabitation influenced marital quality and the likelihood of divorce.

For first marriages, people who cohabitate prior to marriage results in less positive interactions and more conflict when compared to people who do not cohabitate. However, people who cohabitate after becoming engaged look more similar to those who never cohabitate. In short, both those who never cohabitate and those who cohabitate only after becoming engaged have more positive marital relationships and are less divorce prone than those who cohabitate prior to becoming engaged. Stanley suggests that cohabitators who are not engaged drift into marriage without the same level of commitment as the other types of couples.

The researchers also found that in addition to having lower quality marital relationships, couples who cohabitated prior to engagement were also more likely to divorce when compared with the other two groups.

So what about second marriages, does this same effect appear? Among second marriages, cohabitation prior to marriage appears to result in lower marital quality regardless of whether the couple had become engaged or not. The researchers suggest that "engagement" has a different meaning for those contemplating second marriages and that sometimes the engagement period is a long period of time that reflects a reluctance to marry rather than a step toward marriage. Thus, some engaged cohabitating couples considering second marriages might be using "cohabitation" as an alternative to making a commitment to get married. We don't know if cohabitation prior to a second marriage is related to divorce. Scientists haven't looked at this issue.

Commonsense would seem to suggest that cohabitation ought to provide a proving ground for marriage--a chance to work out the rhythms of getting along. This report by Stanley and his colleagues adds to a body of knowledge that has been accumulating for over a decade of research that seems to suggest otherwise. Successful marital relationships seem to be more than figuring out who takes out the trash and even how to resolve conflicts over who takes out the trash. Although learning to resolve differences is very important, marriage also includes an important dimension of "commitment" to the relationship that motivates couples to work on finding better ways to get along and find happiness.

 
Practice usually improves performance. This seems to be true for sports, music, and dance, but what about marriage? The most significant change in family living over the past 50 years has been the r...
Practice usually improves performance. This seems to be true for sports, music, and dance, but what about marriage? The most significant change in family living over the past 50 years has been the r...
 
 
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12:05 PM on 03/02/2011
I totally agree with the no answer. Living together is like a trial and error thing. It's like you want to try things or try your relationship if it's gonna work or not. When you are serious with one another go and get married. Living together wont help and give you problem in the near future. Your partner could find someone else and it is easy for him to escape with the relationship it's because you are not married and left you nothing but pain and tears.

Cohabitation obviously increase divorce. This is gonna be a big problem to a marriage or living together couple if one of them are not happy anymore with the relationship and found themselves looking for someone else in which they can be happy.

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03:40 PM on 01/18/2011
Young people living together may not improve their marriage survival chances, but screw up enough relationships and you'll figure out all those short-cuts. Living with enough people you think you care about eventually narrows the problems down to you. Once you figure that out, find the one who makes you a better person, who makes you want to try just a little more for them.
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Trilby
Like candy for dinner.
01:45 PM on 01/18/2011
My second husband (and now ex) and I lived together for a year and a half, and even produced a son, before marriage, but they day after we married he did a 180%. It made my head spin. All the sweetness and helpfulness-- GONE! Never to return. So I would have to agree, yes, living together has nothing to with how a marriage will turn out. I was duped.
11:50 PM on 01/17/2011
A couple can't "practice" being married. If they live together for 1000 days and get married on the one-thousand and first day; the one-thousand and second day will be different from all the rest of the days during which they co-habitated...
03:35 PM on 01/15/2011
The biggest problem I see with living together before marriage is that it seems to be an experiment in one's happiness. When marriage is about individual fulfillmen­t you are likely going to be disappoint­ed.

However, when people view marriage as an institutio­n that is meant to form families and serve others then you won't be disappoint­ed because it can always meet those needs.

There are some solid relationsh­ip ideas in the book Teenagers Say the Darndest Things which can be found at the scribd site. This particular topic is treated on pg. 153.
03:34 PM on 01/15/2011
The biggest problem I see with living together before marriage is that it seems to be an experiment in one's happiness. When marriage is about individual fulfillment you are likely going to be disappointed.

However, when people view marriage as an institution that is meant to form families and serve others then you won't be disappointed because it can always meet those needs.

There are some solid relationship ideas in the book Teenagers Say the Darndest Things. This particular topic is treated on pg. 153:

http://www.scribd.com/doc/44437016/Teenagers-Say-the-Darndest-Things
02:41 PM on 01/14/2011
live with my better half for 18yrs then I decided I wanted to get hitch 8 yrs later stillgoing strong yeppy
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hismuse
12:18 PM on 01/14/2011
I just don't get it. I was living with my now husband for 4 years before we were even engaged and we bought a house together before we were married. I can't imagine promising to be with someone forever without knowing if we are compatible on a day to day basis.
11:08 AM on 01/14/2011
i don't agree, my husband and i lived together for over a year before we got married and we have now been married for almost 6 years and going strong!!!
01:57 PM on 01/13/2011
They are so many other variables to look at that this study is probably full of bias and faulty correlations.
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HUFFPOST BLOGGER
Robert Hughes
10:32 AM on 01/14/2011
It is good to be skeptical of media reports of scientific studies and even to read carefully scientific papers because they are often flawed or incomplete. There are lots of details left out of my 500 word summary of the original article that was roughly 6,000 words plus reference to 4 or 5 other articles on this topic support these findings.

You can read more here: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2010.00738.x/full
01:14 PM on 01/14/2011
I'm interested in hearing your thoughts on the report from the National Center for Health Statistics, released in Oct 2010. It had a very large sample size, 13000, and comes to a different conclusion from Stanley's study. Perhaps because they looked further into the difference of motivation for cohabitation, ie. plans to marry vs no plans to marry.
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01:13 PM on 01/13/2011
This does not take into account all of the live-in relationships that, realizing their relationship doesn't work, don't get married in the first place. Talk about preventing divorce. This also doesn't take into account the people who don't live together before marriage because of religion, and then that religion prohibits divorce (or the stigma attached to divorce by that religion stops the individuals from getting one, whether it'd be the best thing or not).

There's no formula to a lifelong marriage. You marry someone you love, respect, and want to hang out with for the rest of your life, someone that has similar goals and flaws you can live with and who can live with your flaws, and you work the rest of it out. That's it.

Sometimes, people change. There's nothing any of us can do about that, it just happens and that's not necessarily a bad thing. Neither is divorce. But whether you cohabitate prior to divorce is not a causal precursor. Statistical correlation is not causation.

(FTR, my five year marriage and ten year relationship, including three years of premarital cohabitation, is just fine.)
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HUFFPOST COMMUNITY MODERATOR
peegan
Silence like a cancer grows...S/G.
12:17 PM on 01/13/2011
I do agree with the idea that some people who live together sort of drift into marriage. It just seems like the next logical step for many without really examining if it is the right step. And some look at a cooling relationship and think the answer is to step it up, take it to the next stage, when if fact it is probably time to go your separate ways. I have no problem with living together, but I think it is a mistake to see it as a test run on marriage, which has a very different emotional feel to it.
11:54 AM on 01/13/2011
What I don't like about this article is it pre-supposes that there is no serious commitment between people who live together before they are engaged or married. Why do people assume that those people can't be just as committed as those who are engaged or married? I have lived with my boyfriend for 6 years and our relationship is just as committed as if we were married.
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Artos
Down with Tyrants
11:39 AM on 01/13/2011
"We don't know if cohabitation prior to a second marriage is related to divorce. Scientists haven't looked at this issue."

If you don't know anything about this issue, then why are you even writing this column? 

I can however speak to the subject having been married Three times, and no my name isn't Leroy Jethro Gibbs.  I have lived cohabited prior to marriage with all three of my wives. With my first two we engaged in Premarital Sex and neither lasted more than two or three years. My last and present marriage we didn't have Premarital Sex and waited until we were actually married five years later. So far we've been married eight years. I doubt that either thing had a whole lot to do with the duration of my marriages. They were merely factors. I think it has more to do with the quality of the persons involved.
12:58 PM on 01/13/2011
Artos,
You prove the hypothesis, and the good guidelines for life, and still refuse to believe? I am glad you are enjoying the fruit of a marriage built on a good foundation.
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Robert Hughes
01:22 PM on 01/13/2011
So why mention that scientists don't know everything about cohabitation? I think scientists have an obligation to identify that our knowledge is incomplete and to note what we know and don't know. Our understanding is incomplete. I wouldn't want to pretend otherwise.
03:15 PM on 01/13/2011
I read more on Stanley's study and found the sample size of the survey to be around 1300. A report by the National Center for Health Statistics, released Oct. 2010, with a sample size of 13000, comes to a different conclusion; that there is no negative effect of cohabitation on marriages. The report also takes a closer look at the differences in cohabitation. If people have plans to marry they have about the same chance of divorce as those who never cohabitated. If there are no plans they have an increased risk of divorce. I'm interested to know your thoughts?
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onionboy
Blessed are the Cheese Makers
11:10 AM on 01/13/2011
I believe in doing as much as possible together before marriage; cohabitate, vacation, have sex, family dinner. It will take some effort to fit all of this into a reasonable period of time. Marriage takes a pretty routine effort to keep healthy. So, if you're not willing to go through these efforts before marriage, you might question whether you're committed enough to keep the relationship going after the wedding. BTW - I'm not saying that all of these things had to have ended well, just that you did them and you have some expectations.

Of course, this is just to jigger the odds a little. It's a crap shoot.