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Robert Hughes, Jr.

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Will Divorce increase your Chances of Early Death?

Posted: 12/03/11 04:00 PM ET

Nearly 2 million people in the United States and many more in the world are impacted by divorce each year. There have been a variety of studies that have hinted that divorce may be linked to the increased chance of an early death, but overall the evidence has been mixed.

David Sbarra, Rita Law, and Robert Portley from the University of Arizona recently published a study to summarize the evidence on the link between divorce and early death. They gathered data from 32 studies involving more than 6.5 million people in 11 countries that included 755,000 divorces and 160,000 deaths.

In general, the researchers found that adults who were divorced were 23% more likely to die younger than their married counterparts. Men had almost twice as high a risk of early death compared to women. People younger than 65 years of age were more at risk following divorce than older people. This pattern was consistent regardless of what country people lived in.

The next question asked by the researchers was whether divorce "caused" death. Now this may seem obvious, but even with prospective data, it is not always the case that correlation mean causation. One important consideration is a selection effect that accounts for both divorce and death. The authors write, "social selection holds that some people possess characteristics that increase risk for both separation/divorce and poor health outcomes. Hostility, depression and substance abuse are just a few examples of the many processes that can increase the likelihood of future divorce...and are unique predictors of early death..." In other words, some common characteristic is causing both divorce and death. These data do not allow us to test the selection hypothesis and therefore, we cannot rule out this selection effect.

The authors conclude their study with a thoughtful analysis of the mechanisms through which divorce might lead to early death. Their first idea is that because divorce often reduces the financial status of both husbands and wives, this may impact health. In general, we know that individuals with lower economic means are more at-risk of health problems. Another consequence of divorce is that people's social ties are disrupted. Divorced men and women are less likely to maintain ties to neighbors, churches, clubs and so forth. Again we know that strong social relationships benefit health and well-being.

Another possible way in which divorce influences well-being is through health habits. There is some strong evidence that following divorce, women in particular are more likely to resume smoking. There is some evidence to suggest that eating habits and sleeping patterns are also disrupted.

Finally, there is the possibility that the stress of divorce disrupts biological functions which puts people more at risk. In a previous study, Sbarra demonstrated that divorced people who reported more difficulty handling their emotions following divorce had higher blood pressure. This finding suggests that stress-related difficulties brought on by divorce may contribute to poorer health.

Despite the general finding that divorce increases the risk of early death, the authors urge caution in the interpretation of these findings. They note that many people remarry and this was not taken into account in this study. They also suggest that until more work is done that controls for selection factors and includes the various mechanisms, it would be unwise to base too much on the findings of this one study. Although the findings from this study remain open to further exploration, the analysis by these authors is a welcome reminder of the complexities of understanding the effects of divorce.

 
 
 
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12:16 AM on 12/12/2011
So you are supposed to stay in a miserable marriage so that you won't die young? I don't think so.
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10:09 PM on 12/11/2011
"Will Divorce Increase Your Chances of Dying Young?"

It will if divorce causes you to lose your health insurance.
01:48 PM on 12/07/2011
If divorce causes early death then by extension marriage causes early death being a necessary prerequisite to being divorced, so its not exactly something to brag about if you are married.
08:26 PM on 12/06/2011
Why is the media so desperate to scare men into marriage these days? If something was that desirable you wouldn't have to cajole, scare or threaten them into it. I have managed to defy every single statistic or generalization about divorced men so far and am MUCH happier now. Even if these "statistics" are true, which would you rather be: the powerful, respected lion in the jungle who lives life to the fullest until the end or the sleepy, bored one in the zoo who is just counting the days until he does die.
05:21 AM on 12/06/2011
I believe it was Mark Twain who said "there are three kinds of lies: white lies, damned lies and statistics.
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Zalkreb
07:36 PM on 12/06/2011
Statistics are and probably should be anthema to an artist like Twain. However, it's worth noting that when Twain lived and died, average life expectancy was about 45 years. It's now close to 80 and that's not because our art has gotten a lot better. It's because our science has gotten a lot better.

Collecting data and analyzing it using statistics and other techniques has improved our understanding of the world in ways even a fantastic writer like Twain could never dream of. Without statistics you can't prove that gender or racial discrimination occurs, that seat belt lawsave lives or that smoking causes lung cancer.

It's a catchy saying, but it has limited validity. Statements that intuition and so-called common sense classify as lies, statistics reveal as truth.
05:03 AM on 12/06/2011
Interesting article...what can we say?...maybe these new ideas,,,pushed in the west-u.s.,canada,europe,are wrong..maybe divorce is wrong,,its certainly no-good,,how everythings set-up,which some intelligent people here understand..what we mean is its all a three party contract with the state,,isnt it?,,Its Statutatory,,,corporate,,,its a legal,,not a lawful contract,,isnt it.....Maybe the whole things wrong from the get-go...The past may have been different..no one here was alive then..when marriage's were arranged along 'Blood-lines"..there was courtship of course,,under the supervision of the parents..women had few rights,true...now women have been elevated to position of father figure...all of this is just part of the decline of the west..all i see in relationship after relationship is 'Fighting'..and when I hear the reason,,its shockingly childish...like these people are kids,,or something..
01:50 PM on 12/07/2011
Wrong, try again.
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taina2
Spending my money smarter than government
01:44 AM on 12/06/2011
Please study the risks of staying in a bad relationship also.
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Michael Cimino
Realist...
04:48 AM on 12/06/2011
That's what I was going to say.... If I would have stayed with my ex, I would have ended up like one of those horrible tv couples that has to ask the kids to ask their spouse for something for sake of argument. I think I shaved off 10 years divorcing her but saved 25 by leaving... lol
10:08 PM on 12/06/2011
Yeah, I'm sure we'll see that one right after they do "the effects on the children of parents who stay in a bad marriage."
01:03 AM on 12/06/2011
Come on Please! You have a much better chance of dying sooner if you stay married! Why do you think more Husbands die before their Wives! Check it out!
12:07 AM on 12/06/2011
Actually I could just die when I think of what my life would have been like had I stayed longer with my conniving ex and had children with him. I divorced him for my health.
wwhatever747
Whatever Karma Bites, Let it be, U asked for it.
11:54 PM on 12/05/2011
Is Obama's marriage a healthy one, look at the positions of his wife's eyebrows. Are they heading towards a divorce after his Presidency ends? Both daughters look bored at the White House?
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Michael Cimino
Realist...
04:49 AM on 12/06/2011
...What exactly does he have to do with this lol... Can we not have one conversation outside of a political realm for a change?
11:43 PM on 12/05/2011
Answer to the question: Probably not but the females will still get eighty percant and the male twenty percent. Six marriages ago I found a way to get around that. Don't have kids and don't have much. That way they have nothing to brag about when they go their separate ways.
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Rob y
10:22 PM on 12/05/2011
With being simpler to get divorced through the No Fault Divorce Law many people get divorced for little things, some even if a spouse gains weight. Spouses should communicate with each other and respect each other.
A family that prays together stays together.
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Michael Cimino
Realist...
04:52 AM on 12/06/2011
Gaining weight is one thing... having no self respect and eating like a horse is something completely different.... Dont come up looking like carmen electra, and leave looking like a pre-slimfast Kathy lee gifford..
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rotinfx16
02:19 PM on 12/06/2011
LMAO
10:00 PM on 12/05/2011
I have a question a little off subject. I am being divorced after 32 years of what I thought was a Wonderful marriage. We have 2 grown sons, one married and first grandaughter. My husband traveled M-F. apparently, he has been cheating on me for 8 - 10 years and would come home on the weekends and "PLAY" Loving husband.....I did not have a clue ! We have been in divorce saga for 2 years. Sons have not spoken to him nor has he gotten to see our 7 mo. old grand baby. QUESTION; How or when will I finally quit loving him? I know that even sounds dumb to me, but, my heart doesn't know a difference.....The other women is a "D" flight attendent...If she ever raises her leg and points to the exit with her foot, RUN, its probably Diane.
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Amznlif
Bark less, wag more
10:15 PM on 12/05/2011
Your decision to start loving yourself is now. Look forward and let his chips fall where they may.
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Rob y
11:46 PM on 12/05/2011
I think it is ok for having a spot in your heart for your seperated husband, you must have some good memories after 32 years. Your ex husband should have worked closer to your home instead of traveled alot. I also think your kids and their father should eventually with time have an open door of communication with each other.
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ShakeYourComplacency
Commonsense Progressive
09:52 PM on 12/05/2011
Divorce is stressful, but so is moving, death of a close family member, etc. I think the number one cause of misery in bad relationships is not divorce,... but waiting too long to divorce. If it's not right, end it. Because frankly, the other person is not going to change, what you see is what you get. That is what the study is picking up on, probably. People go for years and stick it out in misery, sometimes for decades. This takes a toll. Get out, get on with meeting new people, love new people.
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Zalkreb
11:07 PM on 12/05/2011
Sure, it's fine to get divorced for any reason or for no reason. I think what bothers a lot of fathers is that divorce for them generally involves being evicted from their homes, separated from their children, and forced on pain of prison to pay a third or so of their income for the next 18 years to the person who evicted them, is living in their home and took their children.

If somebody isn't happy and wants to move on, that is their inalienable right. But is it their right to force the other person to move on, leaving behind the most valuable product of any marriage -- children -- and yet continuing to provide financial support to the one who wanted out? For women, the answer is, yes, you usually can do just that: keep the kids, keep the house, keep the income, just get rid of the partner who wasn't making you happy enough. Very few women seem to be miserable enough to actually leave a marriage. But if their unsatisfactory partner is the one who is forced to leave, they don't seem to have much problem teeing up a divorce.
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ShakeYourComplacency
Commonsense Progressive
08:17 AM on 12/06/2011
Unfortunately children are not products. Fathers shouldn't use women to produce heirs anymore than mother should use fathers for a meal ticket.

Your own-everything position, telling the female she can leave, and leave her children behind, harkens back to an era when women had no rights and no choice but to stay.

And really, you need to take a tour of some abuse shelters to see that clearly women have no qualms about leaving the marital home, with nothing.

The question your post seems to be leading to, other than the material things, is who "owns" the children? Women used to get full custody, but now there's a lot of joint, which is fine. For babies and toddlers, I don't see how you would shuffle, though. Like it or not, women are still the primary caregivers for children, today. They go the 9 months, they have the prolapsed bladders as a result of it, and the breastfeeding. They are usually the ones to go without sleep, deal with sickness, and take a lower paying job to accommodate the children. They are a natural fit for the assigned location of primary residence after a divorce. However, if the male in the household is the primary caregiver, then he is likely the best candidate. I look at my cousin and this is exactly the case. She works, he's home, and cares for a toddler. However with other family members, that is not the case. They are the exception.
10:52 AM on 12/06/2011
The focus of this article is on the mechanisms linking divorce to early death and the statistics supporting the research. I have read all the comments you have posted on the categories of divorce and marriage and there seems to be a certain repetative quality to their content. How long has it been since you were evicted from your home and why are you
separated from your children? More importantly, what did you do to contribute to your past situation and the disintegration of the marriage? What have you learned are you now doing to promote your own health and well being? The honest answers to these questions should be more relevant to you and more helpful to others than continually asserting the fairness or unfairness of your plight. I hope this helps
09:46 AM on 12/06/2011
This is a great, no nonsense response post. I love your screen name, "ShakeYour Complacency," too.
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ShakeYourComplacency
Commonsense Progressive
06:05 PM on 12/06/2011
Thank you ;)
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YEA BOY
09:35 PM on 12/05/2011
YES THIS IS TRUE BUT,,,,,,,,,,NOT GETTING DIVORCED CAN ALSO CAUSE DEATH FOR ONE SPOUSE AND LIFE LONG INCARCERATION FOR THE OTHER....LOL