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Robert Kuttner

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Recipe for a Double-Dip Recession

Posted: 04/ 1/2012 9:53 pm

With the economy just barely on a path to durable recovery, some very dumb fiscal chickens are coming home to roost on January 1 of next year. This grim coincidence is known as the Triple Witching Hour.

First, the legacy of last summer's ill-fated bipartisan fiscal bargain -- an automatic set of budget cuts totaling $1.2 trillion -- kicks in next January 1. Second, President Obama's temporary payroll tax cuts expire. And third -- this is a good witch -- all of President George W. Bush's tax cuts sunset.

Just for good measure, there is yet another witch. The temporary extension of the debt ceiling will also expire around the first of the year, giving the deficit hawks of both parties even more leverage.

The trouble is that all of this adds up to a massive fiscal contraction. If you want to snuff out a fragile recovery, there is no better way than to cut spending and otherwise shrink the federal deficit prematurely. If anything, the economy needs more public spending for at least a year or two to compensate for the hit to private purchasing power and the housing collapse.

The failed grand bargain of last summer was the result of the Republicans holding hostage the extension of authority to roll over the national debt. President Obama was very close to making a bargain that included cuts in Social Security and Medicare in exchange for some very modest tax increases. House Speaker John Boehner, mercifully, refused to take the deal. So the two parties agreed on automatic triggers.

Following the election, there will be tremendous pressure on Congress and the White House to re-open the deal. With a Republican president, the bargain could get even worse--smaller cuts in military spending, more cuts in domestic spending, and extension of the Bush tax cuts and other tax breaks.

If President Obama wins and brings a Democratic Congress with him, the Democrats should revisit not just the composition of the deal but the premise that we need big cuts in the deficit next year or two.

Interest rates have never been lower. This is the time for the Federal government to borrow a lot of money and to invest it in public improvements -- not as a one-shot but as a multi-year program that does not have to be instantly shovel-ready.

The trouble with using deficit-reduction and ten-year debt goals as a recovery strategy is that the future deficit is itself a function of the growth rate. Squeeze too tightly, and economic growth slows down. Even though you cut spending, the deficit actually widens. This is the real lesson of Greece.

Congress recently offered three paths that perfectly illustrate what to do and what not to do.

The Congressional Progressive Caucus put out a budget that increases public investment, raises the growth rate, and gets to budget balance after 2020 at a higher level of national output and with broader prosperity.

Among other good ideas, the CPC budget allows the Bush-era tax cuts to expire at the end of 2012, but extend marriage tax relief, tax credits and incentives for children, families, education -- and adds a public option for health insurance.

It also includes a millionaires' tax, and closes corporate tax loopholes. Instead of using the proceeds for short-run deficit reduction, the progressive caucus budget adds $1.45 trillion for job creation, education, clean energy and broadband infrastructure, housing, and R&D. With this approach, higher growth and broader prosperity reduces the deficit faster and more honestly than any of the deficit-hawk plans.

Meanwhile, Republican Rep. Paul Ryan offered a budget that cuts the deficit by a purported $3.3 trillion dollars over a decade -- except it doesn't. The cuts would eviscerate valued social spending by $5.3 trillion offset by a needless $2 trillion in lower taxes -- over the coming decade. But by abruptly targeting a deficit of $300 billion in just two years, down from it's current $1.2 trillion, the Ryan plan would guarantee slower growth -- and higher deficits.

And yet another bipartisan group buys the same wrongheaded premises of fiscal conservatism, but with a mix of tax increases and spending cuts not quite as bad as the Ryan plan. The plan, by Reps. Steve LaTourette (R-Ohio) and Jim Cooper (D-Tenn), roughly modeled on the proposal of the Bowles-Simpson Commission majority, includes cuts to social insurance but also $1.2 billion in tax increases, assuring that it would be voted down by the Republican House.

President Obama intermittently gives aid and comfort to the budget hawks. The administration's own budget for FY 2013 mostly protects current social outlay and kills the Bush tax cuts, but fails to provide enough spending to increase jobs. This is essentially what President Roosevelt, listening to the budget hawks of his own day, did in 1937, kicking the economy back into recession. It took the massive deficit spending of World War II to finally end the depression.

By all means, let the Bush tax cuts die. But we need to offset that abrupt contraction with a better form of stimulus. One good candidate would be emergency aid to state and local governments that are still cutting services and laying off public workers. Another good candidate would be a second round of public works spending at least as large as the Recovery Act of February 2009.

If the election gives us a form of divided government, the immense risk is that we end up with both Social Security cuts and excessive deficit reduction. If the Republicans sweep... well, let's not go there. But if Obama and the Democrats win, its time to reject the groupthink that has put deficit-reduction ahead of achieving a durable recovery and start investing in America and its people.

Robert Kuttner is co-editor of The American Prospect and a senior fellow at Demos. His latest book is A Presidency in Peril.

 
 
 
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08:39 PM on 04/03/2012
Everyone crying about these people hoarding money and the problem with capitalism is saving does not understand how the money supply works. Essentially what is comes down to is banks and lending. Guess what, the more they save, the more banks have to lend to businesses that are still growing to reinvest. The problem is not businesses hoarding cash, but the banks. Banks have stopped lending. Previous to 2008, the banks reserve ratio usually hovered around the required 20%, but now banks are hoarding over $1.6T over the required amounts. We need to get that out into circulation, though it will lead to almost guaranteed inflation, which I guess is good for devaluing government debt. Dont blame the productive businesses and business men and women out there providing services and goods, blame the Banks. I don't think more regulation can force them to lend, I dont think less will either, but someone out there I'm sure can figure it out, it could just be a matter of time. Point is, the government doesn't need to spend another dime, even according to Keynesian economics. However, this article sadly reminds me of Krugman... Utterly devoid of economic background yet eager to lend advice....
08:08 AM on 04/03/2012
Capitalism is a "theory" that the pursuit of private ownership of factories, corporations, and things increases the wealth of a country. The pursuit to increase their wealth then trickles down to everyone. The problem arises when the individual seeking wealth by purchasing factories (or expanding factories), purchasing corporations or finally has sufficient "things" (how many houses and/or cars is sufficient), doesn't care about others. The individual wants to "save" his wealth for children and grandchildren and therefore does not spend. Then only a few benefit as there is no "trickle down." Throughout history this has happened and when it gets bad enough there is a revolution with the "workers or poor" fighting to get their share of the wealth. America has been great because we have always had a philosophy (until recently) of sharing the wealth. This "Sharing" has been accomplished by taxing and social programs benefiting the workers and poor. Moving from sharing (Christian) to pure captalism (I earned it; its mine so earn your own or do without) will create problems for America. How many Americans benefited from the government purchase of Louisiana and Alaska? Not a private purchase.
The Joler
nil sine labore
04:15 AM on 04/03/2012
It was reported last week the Apple have around $100 billion that they can't work out what to do with. I am sure if you hawked around the rest of the big corporations you could easy come up with a couple of trillion dollars just sitting around in bank accounts being unproductive.

So just get all these companies to start reinvesting their money in America and you can offset any stimulatory retraction that may occur due to the various budget contractions. A novel idea. Big American companies bloated with cash investing in America.
martman1
retired business owner
05:30 AM on 04/03/2012
Good sentiment, but a company will hire and invest only if there is a need to - i.e. unmet demand. If there is unmet demand and thus a profit to be made, any good company will find a way to hire and invest.........whether they are sitting on cash or not.
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Lane Campbell
Say what?
11:39 PM on 04/02/2012
This guy never gives up. He still thinks runaway deficit spending is the formula for stimulating growth. He still thinks it's wrong to cut bloated government payrolls at all levels, telling the chair-bound bureaucrats to hit the bricks and find something more useful to do than regulating peoples' everyday lives "for our own good". As for tax reform, yeah, we have a problem. There are roughly a thousand different "tax breaks" codified into the system, with the attendant wrappers of rules, regulations, directives and supplements. On that score, I'd recommend a major project for the Congressional Budget Office or similar agency: Put together a giant database of all these "breaks" and deductions, with enough relevant data points for each that they can be categorized and analyzed to determine the cost/benefits of each, plus whether many of them can be combined into one simpler, more easily-administered rule, and other issues of a similar vein. Only with patient analysis and due diligence can we ever see our way out of this mess.
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ImaBigBum
Why yes, I'm supposed to be working.
12:27 AM on 04/03/2012
Yeah, your are making the same arguments they made in the 30's. It didn't work then, and it won't work now. History has shown CLEARLY that austerity during recession/depressions are a bad bad bad idea. Don't let a few facts get in the way of your preconceived and incorrect assumptions.
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scvblwxq
08:28 AM on 04/04/2012
All of those tax breaks were put in and are supported by powerful corporations and their lobbying groups like the US Chamber of Commerce so they will insist in other compensation if they are taken away.
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killarneytim
Just common sense;not L or R
09:40 PM on 04/02/2012
Once again. Federal deficit spending does not create real and lasting jobs. It is the least efficient way to promote economic growth.The private sector produces the real jobs we need and this is starting to happen. Manufacturing jobs are returning from China, exports a growing strongly,bank loans to small business are growing.
To assure continued growth, we must simplify the corporate tax codes. All loopholes need to be closed, rates need to be lowered and repatriation rates need to set and kept at a low rate like 5%.
martman1
retired business owner
05:33 AM on 04/03/2012
Your statements belie your bio.
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killarneytim
Just common sense;not L or R
11:56 AM on 04/03/2012
I do not think so. I am just a very concerned citizen who cares deeply about our country and we just can not continue with these deficits.
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killarneytim
Just common sense;not L or R
09:30 PM on 04/02/2012
The position that the gov. should borrow now because of low interest rates is a major trap with sweeping consequences. The problem is that a large portion of gov. debt is short term treasuries. When they come due for principle repayment we will face a fiscal crisis which could well result in another major economic hit. Not a good idea.
martman1
retired business owner
06:02 AM on 04/03/2012
Approximately $20 to $40 billion in T-Bills (maturities of a year or less) have been coming due every WEEK for decades.
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killarneytim
Just common sense;not L or R
11:58 AM on 04/03/2012
Thats nothing compared to what is coming due over the next few years because of the way the debt is structured.
09:13 PM on 04/02/2012
"This is the time for the Federal government to borrow a lot of money and to invest it in public improvements"

We already are borrowing a lot of money.
08:06 PM on 04/02/2012
I don't care how the deficit hawks spin it - you can't cut your way to prosperity.

Make the government smaller to save money = more unemployment and less disposable income and fewer services. And then there's the collateral effect of pushing more people out of health insurance = raising cost of care. Not to mention even more people ignoring simple health issues until they become bigger (more expensive) ones.

The Republicans love to talk about leaving a "debt" for the next generation.
The less you invest in infrastructure now, the costlier it will be for your grandkids to repair what's left of it. A massive infrastructure investment now will not [actually] leave your kids more debt - you'd be investing in assets/conservation/technology (and economic growth) that will benefit them - like OUR GRAND/PARENTS DID.

If you don't do it now while credit is cheap, you're leaving them a big old crumbling mess without the means to fix it.
08:46 PM on 04/03/2012
Problem is so little of all this deficit spending is actually spent on infrastructure its silly. Government agencies and bailouts and everything in between are killing that portion of the budget. The budget deficit is too big, if half of the yearly budget deficit were to be truly spent on infrastructure projects, we would be in a booming economy right now, but its been essentially wasted picking favorites bailing out banks and auto manufacturers... I think the time has already passed to invest in infrastructure, the time was to do it $6T ago. Now, every dollar we borrow has a gigantic marginal cost because the interest rate we pay is going to start rising on the entire mountain of debt, not just each additional dollar. May not be able to cut your way to prosperity, but you might at least be able to stop something catastrophic like what happened to Greece from happening.
12:10 AM on 04/04/2012
I think Paul Krugman and Robert Reich know what their taking about. Austerity leads to even bigger deficits.

The fact that the US (& Europe) is so divided has been a major setback for the global economy. Unless there's a Democratic sweep this November it will continue...
06:33 PM on 04/02/2012
Whatever.....
You honestly believe that what we need is MORE government spending and higher taxes for the "rich?"

It is time to face the reality that it is the RICH people in this country who create jobs not the government.
If you want rich people to create MORE jobs in America then you have to make it MORE attractive for them to do just that...
Raising their taxes in any way is NOT an answer...
Raising taxes causes unemployment...
Europe has way higher taxes then we do and they have the highest rate of unemployment that they've had in decades.
Their unemployment has always been higher than ours and high taxes are the reason...

And don't give me any of that baloney about "government jobs."
Anyone with half a brain knows that the only way the government can pay for those jobs is with higher taxes, selling debt or printing money and those "answers" only make things worse...

Once again look at Europe....

The only reason we are better off than them at all is because we have lower taxes....

The lower the taxes, the better off we will all be....

NOW....
Let's see if we can figure out a way to make job creation more attractive for the job creators here in America....
Threatening them with a higher tax burden in the interest of fairness is totally insane...
01:39 AM on 04/03/2012
Rich people do not create jobs. Rich people just own the companies. The companies don't create jobs either - unless Joe Normal has an extra $10 in his pocket. It's Joe Normal's $10 that creates jobs.

If you give Paris Hilton $20,000,000, probably one of her financial professionals will buy some credit default swaps or something. Paris won't buy any more cheeseburgers than she did before. No jobs will be created. You could give her any amount of money - $300,000,000,000 - and no jobs would be created. She wouldn't build any factories or buy any cheeseburgers. What her staff would do is buy more paper, which would only artificially inflate the value of paper investments.

But if you gave 2,000,000 Joe Normals $10 each, they all go buy cheeseburgers immediately. One of the companies Paris has stock in would immediately hire some people to flip those cheeseburgers. If enough people start buying cheeseburgers, Paris' financiers would start selling silly paper financial instruments and building burger joints. but does that make Paris a "job creator?" No. It's Joe Normal's $10.

I understand why High School educated people don't understand this. But believe me, the smart guys in the think tanks who want you to think that the rich are the job creators - they understand it perfectly well, and they are simply lying.
martman1
retired business owner
06:13 AM on 04/03/2012
A great explanation of the difference between how economies really work (demand driven) versus the "trickle down" propaganda foisted on the economically uneducated by bought politicians (and others) whose sole purpose is to move more money to their donor bosses..
S M V
Give me your tired, your poor, Your huddled masses
08:40 AM on 04/03/2012
Sorry but your simple Keynesian story does not work. Giving people money does not create wealth or prosperity. Money gets in they way for a lot of people so try telling your story without money.

Here is how it works. Joe creates something that is valued by others. Wealth is created. He exchanges what he creates for thing created by Jim. Joe and Jim both have more of what they want. Wealth increases.

Jim has produced a surplus. He loans some of his goods to a stranger. The stranger now has enough goods to open a store and makes enough to return Jim's goods plus some extra.

Government gets involved
In an attempt to fix the economy politicians take stuff from Jim and give it to Joe. At best the economy breaks even, in reality government wastes some of the goods and the economy is poorer.

So go ahead and tell your story without money.
martman1
retired business owner
05:40 AM on 04/03/2012
Please explain, in detail, how giving more tax breaks to very wealthy people causes companies to hire people. If that's too difficult, then explain how lowering corporate taxes causes a company to hire and/or expand. That is, what is the exact thought process that a CEO would go through in coming to the conclusion that he should hire more workers because his companies tax rate is lowered.
12:55 PM on 04/03/2012
Well. first off you will need to explain how taxing rich people will prompt them into creating more jobs...
That is what it sounds like you're saying...

I myself own my own business and I promise you that raising my taxes will not cause me to hire yet another person... Quite the contrary...
As a matter of fact, If I could get a massive tax break I'd spend a whole lot more money on every aspect of my business including employing more people...
Is that clear enough?

What do rich people do with their money?
They invest it...
What do they invest it in?
Jobs...
A CEO of a corporation doesn't own the company, the stockholders do...
He takes his orders FROM the stockholders and if you RAISE the corporate tax then that too will come from the stockholders and certainly not from the CEO.
The CEO only pays tax on what HE earns...

If your plan includes raising the corporate tax rate then what you are doing is creating unemployment and taking money from the stock holders...

We need to LOWER all taxes across the board and massively cut government spending...
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unfoxworthy
We:ScottOlsens,the misfits,out to change the world
05:09 PM on 04/02/2012
Robert,
as informative your point of view is...and it is (to me)...
I almost wanna say, "No more band-aids.
Let the crap hit the fan. Let the tipping point be reached.
Let's call the 1%'s bluff - let the monopolies run wild - let the deregulated fall-out precipitate over us all."
...nothing would frighten the 1% more than the aftermath - where the predators become prey.
martman1
retired business owner
05:45 AM on 04/03/2012
Out of frustration, I've had similar thoughts. Maybe we should vote in the Republicans, move the poverty rate up to 80% right away and get the rebellion over with.
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unfoxworthy
We:ScottOlsens,the misfits,out to change the world
10:10 AM on 04/03/2012
LOL, (throwing my hands up in the air) martman...fan'd
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05:09 PM on 04/02/2012
It's obvious what needs to be done but if what happened during Obama's first term is any indication of what will happen in his second, we'll get more of the same. Obama has shown an unwillingness to change the status quo and has abandoned the kind of change that he promised in '08. He has not renounced his desire for a "Grand Bargain" and we all know what that included: extension of the Bush/Obama tax cuts, Social Security cuts, and Medicare cuts. There will be promise to reform the tax code without specifying how (just like the Ryan Plan), and they will calculate that potentiality into their budget numbers. The problem is that when sacred cow tax deduction are threatened to be cut, the special interests will win the day again, as always. A vote for Obama is a vote for the Grand Bargain. I think that it will be harder for a Republican president to cut SS and Medicare if the Democrats stand firm. Of course, that probably won't happen if history is any lesson. The Dems completely abandoned their responsibilities as the opposition during Bush's two terms. So, either way we're probably screwed.
04:51 PM on 04/02/2012
"This is the time for the Federal government to borrow a lot of money..."

Right...
06:36 PM on 04/02/2012
We will quote Kuttner's foolishness when inflation runs amok.
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ImaBigBum
Why yes, I'm supposed to be working.
12:29 AM on 04/03/2012
Yeah, every time the gov borrows money inflation goes up. Just look at the last 3 years, record borrowing and, oh, wait. Never mind.
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Aneesia
04:31 PM on 04/02/2012
The economy darn well better not double dip. If it does then members of Congress should be hounded for selling the American people out to corporate America and the wealthy for cheap labor overseas...and the ability to ignore safety and environmental laws....and lets not forget their contribution to the economic collapse...and the lack of prosecutions.
03:38 PM on 04/02/2012
Let the Bush tax cuts expire, let the SS tax cut expire, let the cuts to the military kick in.....we just might get on the path to recovery.
02:56 PM on 04/02/2012
Is Obama finally realizing that he cannot work with the current batch of Republicans that control the House of Representatives and the GOP as a whole? I doubt it. He has shown time and again that he'd rather be the "grand bargainer" than actually create a "grand policy." Of course, many of his campaign contributors are the same moneyed Wall Street interests that own the Republicans, so it's hardly surprising that his desire to cut spending and taxes so often mirror that party's. I suppose if he wins his last ever election, and progressives once again control congress, some step forward could be possible. But I'm not holding my breath.
04:22 PM on 04/02/2012
He has been so darned bipartisan. Whether stating "I won" or "Sit in the back and don't talk" or reneging on the "Grand Bargain" to raise the debt ceiling he has been a paragon of compromise.
martman1
retired business owner
05:49 AM on 04/03/2012
I'm not encouraged. I think the latest bills he signed having to do with the economy were those new so-called free trade deals and he is set to sign the ridiculous so-called Republican JOBS act on Thursday.