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Robert Kuttner

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The Fiscal Cliff and the Political Chasm

Posted: 07/22/2012 7:58 pm

Question of the Day: How can the Fiscal Cliff be giving aid and comfort to the Bowles-Simpson crowd? The cliff would create a major economic contraction; so would Bowles-Simpson.

The "fiscal cliff" is Beltway shorthand for a combo of automatic tax increases and budget cuts set to go off Jan. 2. The timing of the two is a coincidence.

One part is the expiration of the Bush tax cuts. A second part is the due date of a budget trigger created last year when a super-committee of Congress failed to reach agreement on a budget deal.

Under the automatic fallback created by the 2011 Budget Control Act, $1.2 trillion of ten-year spending cuts ("sequesters") begin biting in January, half from military spending and half from domestic programs. Other fiscal bomblets go off as well, such as the end of the cut in payroll taxes and of extended unemployment benefits, unless Congress acts.

The Cliff is universally regarded as an impending disaster because it would create a sharp fiscal contraction, at a time when the recovery is weak to non-existent. The Congressional Budget Office calculates that the Cliff would create a deficit reduction of 4.7 percent in FY 2013, causing the economy to go back into recession.

Meanwhile, Erskine Bowles and Alan Simpson are back -- fiscal zombies who just won't die. The latest Bowles-Simpson deal would... cut spending and raise taxes, which in turn would, uh, create a sharp fiscal contraction at a time when the recovery is weak to non-existent.

In other words, an alternative fiscal cliff. Investment banker Bowles, God help us, is even being proposed in some quarters as a successor to Treasury Secretary Tim Geithner (he says he doesn't want the job.)

B&S have been working with a group of House and Senate deficit hawks of both parties, cheered on by sycophants in the press. Their latest caper, according to a breathless, cheer-leading piece by Steve Pearlstein in The Washington Post, is a coalition of corporate CEOs called Fix the Debt.

The CEOs plan to raise $50 to 100 million in the next two months to promote a Bowles-Simpson style cliff -- tax increases and spending cuts.

You can just imagine the kind of tax increases these corporate stalwarts are likely to propose. Hikes in capital gains taxes? Corporate income taxes? A top bracket on the personal income tax? A financial transaction tax? No way.

So, why is a fiscal cliff an economic disaster when it is the product of legislative default and joy to behold when it is the work of Bowles, Simpson, and their corporate cronies? It's the same misguided fiscal contraction at a time when a fragile economy needs more public spending.

Part of the reason is that the automatic budget cuts are seen as the result of a failure of politicians to agree on a more measured set of deficit cuts. Another reason is absolute horror at the prospect of cuts in military spending, or the end of the Bush tax cuts.

For more than a decade, deficit hawks and their allies in the media have been promoting a grand bargain whereby Republicans agree to tax hikes and Democrats agree to cut social programs like Social Security and Medicare. That, in turn, will put the deficit on a downward path and presumably restore economic growth.

The trouble with this premise is that the current deficit is mainly the result of the recession itself plus the Bush tax cuts and military spending increases. It has nothing to do with Social Security; the projected increases in Medicare spending are only the result of failure to tackle deeper health care reform.

The idea that smaller deficits will somehow increase growth (Paul Krugman's "confidence fairy") has the economics backwards. Deficits will fall when growth is restored, not vice versa; and fiscal contraction will reduce growth.

Bowles and Simpson have credibility in part because President Obama, at a moment when he was driving under the influence of dubious potions concocted by in-house deficit hawks like former budget director Peter Orszag, created the commission that bore their name. Obama hoped that the commission would give him fiscal credibility and get him through the 2010 mid-term election. We saw how well that worked. In the meantime, Obama facing his own re-election, has moved off deficit-hawkery and sensibly proposed new job creation measures of $450 billion. But Bowles, Simpson and company have taken an afterlife of their own.

In spite of this, fiscal events are now breaking Obama's way -- if he has the courage to lead. For starters, the fact that all of the Bush tax cuts expire Jan. 1 gives Obama a huge tactical advantage.

Republicans are holding out for extending all of the tax cuts. But if they refuse to pass Obama's proposal of extending the cuts for the bottom 98 percent, the calendar works in Obama's favor. As Sen. Patty Murray proposed, Democrats can let all of the tax cuts expire on schedule, then challenge Republicans to join them in supporting a break for all but the wealthiest 2 percent.

The $600 billion in defense cuts scheduled if the sequester goes off also gives progressives a huge tactical advantage -- again, if Obama is prepared to play hardball. Democratic military hawks will scream, but Obama can challenge Republicans to support a reasonable budget. If not, let the military cuts start happening.

What's required is a resolute presidential speech making clear that Social Security and Medicare are not going to be on the chopping block; and that Obama is not going to trade one fiscal cliff for another by embracing Bowles-Simpson 3.0. The president has made a good start by promising to limit tax breaks to the bottom 98 percent. Now he needs to explain why belt tightening in a severe slump is a terrible idea -- whether the work of an automatic formula or of the corporate elite as organized by Bowles and Simpson.

Robert Kuttner is co-editor of The American Prospect and a senior fellow at Demos. His latest book is A Presidency in Peril.

 
 
 
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Question of the Day: How can the Fiscal Cliff be giving aid and comfort to the Bowles-Simpson crowd? The cliff would create a major economic contraction; so would Bowles-Simpson. The "fiscal cliff" i...
Question of the Day: How can the Fiscal Cliff be giving aid and comfort to the Bowles-Simpson crowd? The cliff would create a major economic contraction; so would Bowles-Simpson. The "fiscal cliff" i...
 
 
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
jkbc8484
06:21 PM on 07/24/2012
To make light on a most serious challenge that our nation is facing -

"Falling Off the Cliff" reminds me of the movie "Thelma and Louise' when they drove off the cliff handing hands. The "bad guys" (repubs) were following them while Thelma and Louise were smiling but they were unified in their decision to to "Fall Off The Cliff."
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
dawn2dusk
REALLY!?!
04:54 PM on 07/24/2012
so sweeet!

Off the cliff!
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Euphrates
Jack Reacher's Alter Ego....
09:39 AM on 07/24/2012
For the last 4 years, the President has put bi-partisanship on the table, which was rejected by the republican majority. If Congress can't come up with a deal that benefits middle class families, then we need to allow the country to go over the so-called "fiscal cliff."

The blatant reality is that we can't achieve a sustainable budget path without new revenues. GNorquist, backed by corporations like ALEC and the Cato Institute, has very successfully blocked that reality for a very long time by promoting fear among us.

What they didn't count on was the working masses opening our eyes to what they've been putting in place for decades as our voices were diminished. The diminishment continues with every addition of more voter registration requirements, along with other unmentionables.

Once we collectively stop buying into the fear factor of "Big Business", and realize that it has no interest in assisting the working class, their brinkmanship will be broken. We've got to call their bluff and be willing to go the extra mile (OVER THE CLIFF), which is not as bad as it sounds. It involves starting down a slope that we can reverse and come back up quickly. That would be a very positive thing for the economy and for fiscal policy.
05:19 PM on 07/24/2012
Sadly you are correct that while the less well off are prepared to pitch in for the country, the nobility are obstinate nattering nabobs of negativism.
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Euphrates
Jack Reacher's Alter Ego....
08:51 AM on 07/24/2012
As Congress "works" to avoid a series of automatic budget cuts that would otherwise kick in at the beginning of the new year, we need to support the Members who are taking a harder line. We have collectively cringed these past 4 years every time the President has tried to bring bi-partisanship to the table. If Congress can't come up with a deal that benefits middle class families, then we need to allow the country to go over the so-called "fiscal cliff."
05:21 PM on 07/24/2012
Certainly we will not insist that the well off give up any of their loopholes or, God forbid, pay more taxes? How would they give us all of those jobs?
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Zilo
Indie--The GOP opposes critical thinking
07:43 AM on 07/24/2012
I don't understand why *Republicans* keep referring to this "fiscal cliff." It sounds like we're closer to paying down the deficit and they want to *discourage* that? There are relatively easy trimmings we could make to the government's budgets, but they're usually the *first* ones to stand up and say no. But if it come to entitlements, which hit people who ironically keep the economy going *the most* right now, they're all for it. Who ARE these people? And how the hell do they have the right to call themselves conservatives if all they never intend to actually pay off what they've bought? I've met more Democrats and progressives saying we need to actually pay down the deficit than Republicans.

The more I listen to Republicans, the more I realize that 90 percent of their 'marketing' is complete bullchit. They don't care about half the stuff they claim to. They claim to want to reduce government waste and bring us more freedom, meanwhile they're in favor of letting Mitt Romney keeping military spending the same and forcing us to live by their *own* religious views. Completely bassackwards.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
dawn2dusk
REALLY!?!
04:56 PM on 07/24/2012
its their cliff and we are going to tap them on the forehead and they all fall down, LOL
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read matt taibbi
Neither left, nor right. Forward!
11:12 PM on 07/23/2012
Repeat after me:

THERE

IS

NO

FREE

LUNCH

(I used to believe in one too, but then I grew up)

Let the tax cuts expire
Increase capital gains taxes to at least 25%
Reduce the military spending

(and that's just for starters)
05:22 PM on 07/24/2012
Spoken like a fiscal conservative. May the temporary tax cuts expire, for all of us.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
kamact
Market Observer
09:22 PM on 07/23/2012
Seize the approximately $10 trillion that wealthy Americans, including Mitty, have in offshore tax havens...
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08:27 PM on 07/23/2012
Belt-tightening is a result of our fiscal recklessness over the past thirty years. It's not a choice. It would have been had we not already gone $16,000 billion in debt. That's why you don't go mortgaging the prosperity of this generation and the next by such ridiculous levels of debt.

We're between the "devil and the deep blue sea" here, and there's absolutely no way of avoiding austerity.

The end of the tax cuts will be painful. Cutting military spending will be painful. But it's all going to happen. And there will be much more pain as a result. More government spending is the territory of lun.acy.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Shaun Hensley
The American Experiment has failed
11:25 PM on 07/23/2012
The money is there, it's just a matter of taking it.
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12:12 PM on 07/24/2012
The money is WHERE? And how do you "take" it?
07:03 PM on 07/23/2012
Maybe the cliff is the best way to demonstrate to taxpayers the damage inflicted by the failure of both political parties to govern. We've been sliding into this morass since 2000 and neither the Dems or Repubs show any interest in anything but keeping us at each others' throats and convincing us that it's the other party's fault. It's time to realize that We the People are divided and conquered.
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banana republican
Next in line for crumbs from the King's Table
06:46 PM on 07/23/2012
The author is factual by half when he says, "Deficits will fall when growth is restored, not vice versa." The other equally important half that neither he nor Krugman will tell you is that when repayment of the deficits is so great that it consume all the proceeds of the new growth, the new growth only improves the quality of life of the debt holders.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
egdot
12:51 AM on 07/24/2012
If you bothered to read Krugman without GOP lenses, you will see that historically this is just not true. It is especially not true if taxes are restored to 1960s/70s levels rather than the irresponsible code that now favors the wealthy at everyone else's expense.
martman1
retired business owner
07:50 AM on 07/24/2012
Then you would agree that a better way is to tax the uber-rich as opposed to borrowing more.
A 5% tax on the known $20 trillion in wealth of the 1% (average known net worth of $14 million) would raise $1 trillion per year.
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banana republican
Next in line for crumbs from the King's Table
06:17 PM on 07/25/2012
But that assumes there are absolutely no negative effects on the economy which would affect revenue sources elsewhere. That's a fatal flaw in your calculation.
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aldo
My 2 Cents
05:55 PM on 07/23/2012
Tax increases, especially on the well to do, will not hurt the economy if the money is put back into the economy. If the money is spent to help States and repair infrastructure, net money in the economy will not change, but it will be used more productively. I say: Win Win.
martman1
retired business owner
07:52 AM on 07/24/2012
Yes, both used more productively and circulating more widely.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Laurie SeekinsShuck
05:47 PM on 07/23/2012
We are currently killing people with our tax dollars. End the wars! Vote for Ron Paul!
04:32 PM on 07/23/2012
The aggregate debt is also a problem beyond where the annual deficits sprang from over thelast decade or so. Regardless of where this writer choose to put the blame - however correctly - the problem is the "debt istelf" which takes a quarter of every tax dollar collected JUST TO COVER THE INTEREST.
martman1
retired business owner
07:54 AM on 07/24/2012
I read somewhere that if there had been no wars since, and including Vietnam, the current annual interest payment on our debt would be $400 billion less than it is.
11:37 AM on 07/25/2012
That's a tough number to calculate, and of course it presumes the money wouldn't be squandered in some other way (like more weapons stockpiling) if not for the wars of the last half century. However, given the interest payments are in the 500 billion range now, I suspect the figure might be incorrect because I suspect the interest for the arms buildup of the 80s, 90s and 2000s added more than the 100 billion.
11:46 AM on 07/25/2012
"A quarter of all taxes collected goes to interest." Not a quarter of the budget, which includes the trillion-plus built in so the percentage of the pie going to interest seems a slimmer slice. But of roughly $2.2 trillion collected per year, around $550 billion goes to interest, meaning a dollar does only about 75 cents worth of work. If we cut taxes like the republicans want, receipts go down. If we increase deficit spending like the democrats want, net interest goes up. Every trillion-plus deficits adds tens of billions to every annual interest thereafter FOREVER. There is no easy answer and the truth about Bowles-Simpson is it doesn't do enough on either side of the equation even in the best case scenario. This is the real truth Dems, Republicans and even Huffpost doesn't want you to hear....a quarter of every tax dollar collect to interest. And what happens when that number grows to 30 cents, 35 cents, 50 cents....you tell me, Romney! you tell me, Obama!
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
legalclubs
04:19 PM on 07/23/2012
Every economist, left, right, and center, thinks that is a very bad idea.

The tax increases will take money out of every American's hands that either pay federal income taxes or receives a refund through the Earned Income Tax Credit. Depending on who you believe, the tax hit will be between $2,000.00 to just over $4,000.00 for the average American family, such families that are barely getting by without paying such additional taxes.

What will that do? The CBO projects it will drop us right back into a recession with 100s of thousands of additional jobs lost. Just think about it, if your budget it cut by $4,000.00, you cut your spending. In other words, the weak demand in this country for goods and services gets allot weaker.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Edward Goodwin
Hey! I'm walk'n here!
06:10 PM on 07/23/2012
Part of this problem is insisting on looking at it as an extension of the "family budget" a method to help the "little guy" understand it.

It is much more complicated than that. MUCH MORE. So is the typical "family budget" for that matter. For the last thirty years tens of millions of American families with stagnant incomes, incomes that only kept pace with inflation, or "budgets", if you will, borrowed TRILLIONS of dollars they didn't have and were not going to earn any time soon.

Income is stagnant, spending is stagnant, right? On paper, but not in the Real World. Income was stagnant and millions of Americans went on thirty year buying binge, which, in no small measure, created the China Behemoth we are faced with today.

My point? This problem cannot be reduced to a few sentences about "family budgets" and remain valid. The Real World doesn't work that way.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
legalclubs
07:24 PM on 07/23/2012
I never said anything about family budgets as a comparison the federal budget. I agree, they are not directly related.

However, my point is that economic demand in the population is feed by the amount of disposable income held by the population. A tax increase will eliminate or reduce such disposable income and thus reduce demand and thus create another recession. This isn't my claim, it's basic economics and the opinion of the CBO.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Josh Crawford
Just the facts, man!
04:15 PM on 07/23/2012
Cutting spending (i.e. austerity) in a down/barely recovering economy is stupid. Look what happened in Europe and look what's happening in the USA right now. These "deficit hawks" are more like "Chicken (Little) Hawks"!!!