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Robert Kuttner

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Food and the Fed

Posted: 08/13/2012 7:50 am

The record drought and crop failures will create shortages, especially of corn, and will increase the prices of many foods that either contain the stuff or use it to feed livestock. That, in turn, will cause an uptick in the rate of inflation. And higher prices will give the inflation hawks in the Federal Reserve more ammunition in their insane campaign for higher interest rates.

At the most recent meeting of its policy-setting Open Market Committee, Aug. 7, the Fed declined to lower interest rates further, under pressure from inflation hawks. The vote to keep rates at their present level was only 7-3, with the dissenters favoring tighter money.

But raising interest rates now or any time in the near future would be insane, since the underlying economy remains very weak. Any increase on food prices will reflect heat waves, factory farming, and of course global climate change -- not the price pressures of a recovery.

If you think the Fed would not be so crazy as to tighten money because of a drought, think again. In the 1970s, inflation was the result of price spikes in key sectors -- energy, food, health care, and housing. It was emphatically not the result of macroeconomic overheating, the classic reason for the Fed to damp down the economy with higher interest rates.

The OPEC oil cartel had quadrupled the price of crude oil. The advent of Medicare and Medicaid, without controls on how much doctors and hospitals could charge, cycled through the system in the form of higher prices for health care. Bad harvests in the U.S. and overseas caused food shortages. Rising interest rates, meanwhile, were causing more expensive mortgages -- which translated to higher housing prices.

The solution was to address these price increases at their root causes -- a shift to renewable energy, a more efficient health system, strategies to smooth out farm prices and sustainable agriculture, as well as affordable housing policies -- sectoral strategies, as progressive economists such as Gar Alperovitz and Jeff Faux argued at the time.

But instead, the Fed in that era sent interest rates above 20 percent. That cured inflation all right. It also created the worst recession of the postwar era.

Interestingly too, the perpetrator of these mistaken policies was one Paul A. Volcker, then the chair of the Federal Reserve. Volcker, in his retirement, is something of an improbable hero because he favors much stricter financial regulation than the Obama administration does. He even favors restoration of the Glass-Steagall Act, a wish that President Obama has honored in the breach by naming a watered down version of Glass-Steagall "the Volcker Rule."

But Volcker was no progressive hero then. The crushing interest rates pushed unemployment above 10 percent, and helped elect Ronald Reagan in 1980.

Policymaking back then was also complicated by the fact that in the 1970s, unions and even non-union workers enjoyed "cost of living" clauses in their contracts. Imagine that! (you can still find such clauses -- on display in the Smithsonian). When prices rose 5 percent, so did wages. In a climate of rising inflation, all this created what economists called a "wage-price spiral." Wages chased prices and then prices chased wages. This embedded inflation in the economy.

But those days are long gone. And even back then, many economists urged sectoral strategies to temper the dynamics of the spiral, rather than the blunt instrument of higher interest rates.

The last thing the economy needs now is tighter money. But watch for op-eds and speeches by the inflation hawks pointing to rising food prices and calling for higher interest rates.

It's also clear that the insane weather is a clarion call to get far more serious about global climate change. Readers of my stuff will note that, like columnist Gail Collins on the subject of Mitt Romney's dog-on-the-roof, I never pass up an opportunity to point out that World War II cured the Great Depression; and that today we need massive social investment to cure slumping demand.

Today, that needed investment, rather than going to war, should go to renewable energy, mitigation of the climate damage already done, and other strategies to allow decent living standards at a much lower toll on the planet. The current low interest rates allow government to borrow serious sums to finance these social investments.

What's depressing is that the mainstream debates are over here, and the solutions are over there. While we drag the policies that we need regarding climate change onto center stage, let's at least not make matters worse by raising interest rates.

Robert Kuttner is co-editor of The American Prospect and a senior fellow at Demos. His latest book is A Presidency in Peril.

 
 
 
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The record drought and crop failures will create shortages, especially of corn, and will increase the prices of many foods that either contain the stuff or use it to feed livestock. That, in turn, wil...
The record drought and crop failures will create shortages, especially of corn, and will increase the prices of many foods that either contain the stuff or use it to feed livestock. That, in turn, wil...
 
 
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
MassWG
02:28 AM on 08/14/2012
"The current low interest rates allow government to borrow serious sums to finance these social investments."

Is the government locking in these low rates for 20 or 30 years? No.

Progressives selling the idea of massive spending at "affordable" rate are either ignorant or are trying to pull a fast one, like the shysters selling teaser-rate ARMs.

"Treasury’s reliance on short-term financing serves a dual purpose, not beneficial in the long run. First, it helps conceal the depth of the nation’s structural imbalances: the difference between what it spends and what it collects. Second, it puts the U.S. in the precarious position of having to roll over 71% of its privately held debt in the next five years — probably at higher interest rates.

The United States is more dependent on short- term funding than many of Europe’s highly indebted countries, including Greece, Spain and Portugal. The United States had a lot more debt in relation to the size of its economy following WW II, but the structure was more favorable, with 31% in five-to-10 years and 21% in 10 years or more. Today, only 10% of the public debt matures outside a decade.

Based on the current structure, a 1% increase in interest rate will add $88 billion to interest payments this year alone. If interest rates were to return to more normal levels, you do the math."
http://www.thejakartaglobe.com/commentary/adding-up-to-an-american-debt-disaster/508201
10:31 PM on 08/13/2012
This may be the worst article I've read in a while. Does the author actually think the housing boom was sustainable? What about the dot come bubble? It seems he thinks bubble can go on forever.

The recession is the cure. It's the hangover resulting from the binging on inflated money. Volley did the right thing. He raise rates and cause a large quick recession which cleared out all of the malinvestment that built up due to the inflation. His lead to robust growth for the next decade.

Propping up housing prices and failing banks just steals money from the renters, savers, and this on fixed income to benefit those in debt and Wall St .
markgoode
a voice from the center
09:19 PM on 08/13/2012
QE3 NOW!
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Zonatron
Agrarian Hippie
09:05 PM on 08/13/2012
The only way create jobs is to recind our insane trade policies. We need fair trade not free trade. Every time we try to stimulate the economy the money goes to china. We need to quit rearranging the deck chairs and patch the hole in the hull! What defines an economy? Working to benefit the majority in the bell curve(the middle majority) or the few oligarchs at the top who have convinced the world that they are the job creators if only we would bow down to them. Small business creates jobs. People are the job creators. Supply side Freidman economics is rouse to oppress and create masses of slave labor to benefit the few. Until we become US centric and keep money flowing within our boarders by making and selling things to each other this fiscal disaster will never end. If we keep creating Walmart jobs the housing market will NEVER recover. We need out of then WTO because their rules and demands supersede US law. We need to re-ruralize and relocalize. Companies that are the retail distribution arm of the People's Republic of China are traitors to We The People! Any Rand was a sociopath not a messiah. Return labor and free and fair trade among peoplemofmthiscountry and watch us flourish again.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
televisionsets
It's the price you pay for living in a society
08:47 PM on 08/13/2012
Of course we all understand that interest rates were lowered to fix the dot com bust, only to fuel the housing bubble. And smart people understand that the current ridiculously low rates are only fueling a debt bubble....and that people shouldn't use interest rates to screw with economic activity.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
waltifarian
Quis custodiet ipsos custodes?
11:10 PM on 08/13/2012
Debt bubble for whom? Consumer loan approval rates are at historic lows; http://www.articlesbase.com/mortgage-articles/refinance-mortgage-guideline-hurdles-amidst-record-low-interest-rates-5869531.html and the ones that are made http://dealbook.nytimes.com/2012/08/08/with-rate-twist-banks-increase-mortgage-profit/ are made in a competitive vacuum due to consolidation. Businesses are not using cheap capital to invest or make loans. All the banks are doing is going to the overnight Fed window and using the cheap money for carry trades and prop trades, and then overcharging for mortgages due to quote higher servicing costs.

There is not debt bubble; except for the TBTF banks, and they get to gamble with tax-payer insured funds, so why should they care?
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
televisionsets
It's the price you pay for living in a society
07:57 PM on 08/14/2012
Treasury
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Mirriam Egglebrecht
07:32 PM on 08/13/2012
Who benefits from higher interest rates? Savers, anyone on fixed incomes..

Who benefits from low interest rates? The big banks, Wall St..

Low interest rates also lead to all manner of malinvestment in the economy and economic bubbles like the housing bubble.

There is never a "free lunch".
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
nkurland
I'm going to leave this planet alive
10:49 PM on 08/13/2012
No, not really. In fact, the financial sector prefers a low inflation rate to ensure high return on investment. A high inflation rate would lead to a drastic devaluation of existing mortgage debts, which is a large reason behind the current push for austerity.
05:53 PM on 08/13/2012
Tight money, loose money, it makes no difference. Nobody has the confidence to borrow and nobody has the courage to lend. This wont change untill Obama is sent packing, 80 or so days from now.
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BigWetTears
Feeling Your Pain as the Oceans Rise
05:03 PM on 08/13/2012
1.65% 10 Year Treasury Bond Yield . .
If you think Senoirs who have Fixed Income Investments are Happy with this, you are Wrong . .
of course if you are a Senior living off the Government Sow . .
you don't care about anything but your next Government handout . .
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Bobzmcishl
05:01 PM on 08/13/2012
As long as the unemployment rate is above 7%, there is little risk of inflation. There just isn't the demand to create scarcity. Jobs, Jobs, Jobs, should be the number one priority. Everything else can wait.
05:33 PM on 08/13/2012
The problem is that the "job creators" are only creating jobs of the Chinese.
oilfield
large employer per obamacare
11:04 PM on 08/13/2012
why do you think there is little risk of inflation?
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Bibulus
On my way back from Hawaii with the long-form bio
04:47 PM on 08/13/2012
Don't fret Robert, I'm sure our upcoming wars in Iran & Venezuela will help stimulate the economy.
This user has chosen to opt out of the Badges program
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ronkw
Molon labe
04:25 PM on 08/13/2012
"the Fed declined to lower interest rates further, under pressure from inflation hawks. The vote to keep rates at their present level was only 7-3, with the dissenters favoring tighter money.

But raising interest rates now or any time in the near future would be insane"

One can loan their $$$ to the Feds with a 30 year bond...30 years and you will be paid a whopping 2.6 - 2.7%

Or in Sweden one must pay a fee to park their money in the central bank.
04:05 PM on 08/13/2012
"But raising interest rates now or any time in the near future would be insane, since the underlying economy remains very weak."

"The current low interest rates allow government to borrow serious sums to finance these social investments."

Either way it's trick-trick-trickle down economics.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
chatnuptime1
The Wolf's Den.
04:57 PM on 08/13/2012
trickle down? you mean trickle up don't you?
01:46 AM on 08/14/2012
Trickle down is what they say.
Tricke up is what it does.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
AtlantaIconoclast
03:38 PM on 08/13/2012
Inflation is a tax on the poor, for it reduces the value of the dollar. Artificially low interest rates only lead to malinvestment. We MUST let the economy bottom. Let the debt be liquidated. Stop this stupid Fed generated boom and bust cycle. Only then can the economy truly recover, as it did in 1920, after a brief but deep slump. Unfortunately, the Fed returned to setting artificially low interest rates driving up speculation and the resulting bust, which was the Great Depression. End the Fed. Stop letting a private cartel print our currency out of thin air, at interest! What a racket.
Denatured
Making sense, playing fair, standing firm
04:36 PM on 08/13/2012
Maybe so, but it also makes those locked in 30 year mortgages a lot easier to pay.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
AtlantaIconoclast
10:37 AM on 08/15/2012
what about those of us who don't own a home, or can't even get credit? Don't we have a right to save for our future? You are suggesting that it is better to go into debt than to save. With artificially low interest rates and inflation, it makes no sense to save.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
IPredictARiot
US Military = largest socialist entity on earth
08:31 PM on 08/13/2012
Um...the poor don't really have a lot of dollars to be devalued. In fact, most middle-class folks are in net debt (between a mortgage and student loans, etc.), thus they benefit from inflation.

"I shall not help crucify mankind on a cross of gold" - William Jennings Bryan
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
AtlantaIconoclast
10:36 AM on 08/15/2012
It is true that debt can be reduced via inflation, but what happens when wages are not keeping up with inflation? And the problem you are ignoring is the dependence of our economy on debt! When credit is made too easy, people tend to take on way more than they can handle, even with inflation. But of course, this is how the 1% profits. They depend on us being in debt to them.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Elbrando
The dream shall never die - Ted Kennedy
03:27 PM on 08/13/2012
Why does a baby and bathwater analogy seem appropriate. The author is right in that raising interest rates would be horrible, but there are those that want to destroy the American middle class and have only rich people and serfs.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Mirriam Egglebrecht
07:33 PM on 08/13/2012
Why would it be horrible? Back in the day when interest rates were higher, it made sense to save money because you would earn a return on your money. Now it makes no sense to save and people borrow and spend money like drunken sailors.
03:17 PM on 08/13/2012
One of the problems I have with this article is that if we are going to talk about what can be done to fix our environment in the US we should not forget that whatever we do right can be manifestly undone by a much more populous nation like China or India. Moreover, the more we encourage US companies to manufacture in those countries ostensibly because production is cheaper there because they don't have EPA regulations, we in fact encourage more pollution that will invariably affect us. I believe the Chinese car market today is larger than ours and if it grows by 100% it will still only cover about half their population. Given that statistic, how much air pollution do you think is on the horizon? And that doesn't even address the world oil geo-politique. Just exactly how many of our young environmentalists realize that the smart phone manufacturing plants in China and elsewhere are pouring tons of toxins into the world's water supply. Remember it's that same water supply that is contained in all those Chinese foodstuffs being sold in our stores.

You can talk about interest rates all you want, but there is a much much bigger picture to be seen.