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Robert Reich

Robert Reich

Posted: June 20, 2010 10:32 PM

My Father and Alan Greenspan

What's Your Reaction:

When I was a small boy at the start of the 1950s, my father gave me my first economics lesson. "Bobby," he said with obvious concern, "you and your children and your children's children will be repaying the national debt created by Franklin D. Roosevelt."

I didn't know what a national debt was, but I remember being scared out of my wits.

Dad was wrong, of course. Even though the national debt then was a much higher percentage of the national economy than it is today, it shrank as the economy boomed. My children have never mentioned FDR's debt. My granddaughter (almost 2) will never pay a penny of it.

Dad, now 96 and still in good health, recognizes how wrong he was then. He admits FDR's deficit spending not only won World War II but it also got America out of the Great Depression.

But now another gaggle of deficit hawks is warning us against more federal spending. "The current federal debt explosion is being driven by an inability to stem new spending initiatives," warns Alan Greenspan in Friday's Wall Street Journal, calling for budget cuts and saying "the fears of budget contraction inducing a renewed decline of economic activity are misplaced."

My dad learned from his mistakes. Alan Greenspan obviously didn't.

Contrary to Greenspan, today's debt is not being driven by new spending initiatives. It's being driven by policies that Greenspan himself bears major responsibility for.

Greenspan supported George W. Bush's gigantic tax cut in 2001 (that went mostly to the rich), and uttered no warnings about W's subsequent spending frenzy on the military and a Medicare drug benefit (corporate welfare for Big Pharma) -- all of which contributed massively to today's debt. Greenspan also lowered short-term interest rates to zero in 2002 but refused to monitor what Wall Street was doing with all this free money. Years before that, he urged Congress to repeal the Glass-Steagall Act and he opposed oversight of derivative trading. All this contributed to Wall Street's implosion in 2008 that led to massive bailout, and a huge contraction of the economy that required the stimulus package. These account for most of the rest of today's debt.

If there's a single American more responsible for today's "federal debt explosion" than Alan Greenspan, I don't know him.

But we can manage the Greenspan Debt if we get the U.S. economy growing again. The only way to do that when consumers can't and won't spend and when corporations won't invest is for the federal government to pick up the slack.

For Greenspan now to say we don't need more stimulus -- when 15 million Americans are still out of work, when retail sales are dropping, when the rate of mortgage delinquencies is still in the stratosphere, when Europe and Japan are tightening their belts -- is like Tony Hayward saying the Gulf spill shouldn't worry us.

America's long-term debt bomb is a future problem to be sure. But it has nothing to do with current spending initiatives. It will be due mainly to baby boomers' demands for health care.

Our immediate challenge is to get enough demand back into the economy to pull ourselves out of the deep hole Greenspan helped create. That will require more deficit spending in the short term -- relief to state and local governments, extended unemployment benefits, a one-year payroll tax holiday on the first $20K of income.

The $55 billion jobs bill now before Congress isn't nearly big enough. Yet evidently it's too big for Senate deficit hawks who blocked it Thursday before leaving town. Presumably Greenspan approves of this devastating lack of responsibility.

My father is a wise and loving man. I wish him a wonderful Father's Day (the first of which was celebrated, incidentally, just four years before Dad was born).

Greenspan I can live without.

This post originally appeared at RobertReich.org.

 
 
 
 
 
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Skeptical Patriot
01:09 PM on 06/26/2010
Corporations have $1.5T in cash and significant debt capacity unlike our government. Taxation is an economic depressant while stimulus is politically impossible due to the failure of the previous stimulus plan and the waste of political capital and time on healthcare reform. Changes in policies that DRIVE reinvestment of corporate balance sheets into domestic production would act as a stimulus that would not burden the treasury/national debt and more directly create jobs
06:38 PM on 06/25/2010
I kind of agree with your Dad, Bob Reich. Father Knows Best. The payments have been going on and on and on, just like life goes on and on and on. The world isn't ending, which is kind of what you mean, Bob. But the inequality, misallocations, boom-busts, fiat currency game of musical chairs, crony capitalism, is still in play. And you are paying, and our children are paying, with bigger bills coming.
Another brave soldier from my area was just killed in Afghanistan. Hot wars and cold cash, Bob.
Someone is paying every minute. Maybe you didn't feel it. Many Ivy Leaguers don't. It's called Money and Power, Bob. Yes, let's get the stimulus to triage some of economic bleeding. But government spending will never stop the economic war. Our children are paying.
09:01 AM on 06/28/2010
I think you have things about right, but I don't understand why you think stimulus will work the third time around when it did nothing positive the first two times. Three years in a row starts to sound just like another annual handout to buy votes down the road. Further, given the salary caps, it's just more redistribution of wealth away from those who hire people and invest in our economy the most.
12:39 PM on 06/25/2010
Can't we just exile the man...I mean, Greenspan, not your dad...to, some rock somewhere?
03:09 PM on 06/24/2010
Always money for wars, never for Main Street, the conservatives "conserve" the monarchy of the rich.

Tax the rich,

they didn't make their money on a desert island.

There is plenty of money in the world, it's just clotted in the top 1%.

Automation and technology will render most workers unnecessary.

Without a Swedish or Dutch social system to support and educate the citizens,

Millions will die, homeless.

And then we will have world war.

So Invest in Main Street with green upgrades to all gov building NOW,

or world war.
10:56 AM on 06/23/2010
Also, it's interesting that Reich continues the liberal lie about the 2001 tax cuts. The lowest tax rate went from 15% to 10%, which is a 33.3% decrease. The highest went from 39.6% to 35%, which is an 11.8% decrease. Yes, there is more money at the top end, but the rate changes were, on a percentage basis, biased toward the low end.
jim51fla
proud Middle-Class Warrior
11:47 AM on 06/23/2010
Duh! Thats the neo-con's big fake out! It's about the money. Do the math: 33.3% of $1000 saves $333. 11.8% of $1 million saves $118,000.
12:16 PM on 06/23/2010
If we back into the incomes that would have generated your $1K and $1M tax bills at 15% and 39% rates, then apply your $333 and $118,000, we find that the $1K-taxed household keeps an additional 5.0% of their income, while the $1M-taxed household keeps an additional 4.6%.

The lower-income household keeps a greater percentage of its hard-earned money due to the tax cut. Therefore, the cut is biased to the lower-income household.
05:44 PM on 06/29/2010
How many salaries will $333.00 pay and how many salaries will $118,000.00 pay....
10:53 AM on 06/23/2010
Reich correctly blames Greenspan policy for much of the current slump, but his suggestions will make things worse in the long run. Creating more money out of thin air to produce more temporary jobs and divert more resources from the private sector to public will not help. The economy needs some healthy retraction, and the false promise of government spending will not help. FDR's mad printing of money likely made the depression much longer, rather than ending it. Look at the recession of 1920-1921 for an example of how quickly things stabilize when government essentially stays out. Reich is clearly an education man with experience, but, in many ways, is economically illiterate to this day, at least when it comes to long-term thinking.
03:11 PM on 06/24/2010
Enough with the FDR bashing. He saved the country, the counties that did not do as he did, suffered much more.

Besides which, his infrastructure spending was small compared to the WWII spending, which even you FDR deniers agree ended the depression, on debt.

invest in main street, or get war.
08:55 AM on 06/28/2010
I agree on main street and don't support war spending. Main street is correct, but it needs to be private spending. Neither public spending during the depression or during the war ended the depression. Public spending extended the depression, and it's a faction of the the real FDR deniers (those who deny his mistakes and war-mongering) who want to drag us in the same direction now. Again, take a look at the 'depression' of 1920.
03:24 AM on 06/23/2010
Ha Ha!

He says: "Greenspan I can live without".

No one gets that?
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
stevendedalus3
02:28 PM on 06/22/2010
Damned if you do, damned if you don't--spend or invest--the solution is in the appropriate balance of a given time. In time of war the government must spend and hope as in WWII the people support it with sacrifice and war bonds. After 9/11 there was no such balance; instead of raising taxes we robbed from the Clinton surplus to give to the rich. Now Obama must turn a deaf ear to these deficit hawks and hire millions to clean up the mess in the gulf and worry about BP distribution later; moreover, seize the time to hire millions more in alternative energy.
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chuck becker
07:48 PM on 06/22/2010
The problem started with LBJ trying to fight a war in Viet Nam without raising taxes, or calling up the Reserves, or any other wartime measure. That right there was the moment in history that set us on the road we're on now. But bottom line is, we the people bought it hook, line, and sinker, and ever since we have destroyed every politicians who's tried to face facts. We are in this fix because we the people want to be lied to, we want to hear that we can have things we don't have to pay for, with no negative consequences. So we're shocked and hurt when the negative consequence chickens come home to roost, as they are now. So we look for someone else, or a conspiracy, to blame for our own credulity.

Except for nuclear power, and a small handful of special cases, alternative energy is a laboratory experiement. It is nothing more than an effort by the (so-called and self-declared) Progressive environmentalists to change the traditional political power structure using the fulcrum of eco-friendliness. Eliminate government incentives, and alternative power collapses of its own weight. Look who's pulling for it, their you will find people who want a shortcut to political power.
10:51 PM on 06/22/2010
Wow, kill the support for oil and it will collapse too. What was Iraq for, other than to open the Iraqi fields to western oil companies? Why was the Oil Ministry captured and the Museum of Anthropology left to the vandals. Priorities! The Caspian investment proved to be a bust, so the war to push a pipeline through Afghanistan fell to second fiddle to the oil fields in Iraq. China did have contracts with Iraq before the war. Because we insisted on a democracy to justify the war to a home audience, Bush failed to colonize the oil fields with PSA agreements in the Iraqi Hydrocarbon bill. So you need to add the defense budget to the cost of oil, including terrorism, because if you note, terrorists and oil correlate well.

The expense of nuclear power is being put on the backs of the taxpayers too. If it was such a great deal, why are there not private investors jumping in to cover the costs. Well, again, it is like oil. They want your dependency to assure their profits. Socialism is forbidden to some people but not the "people" called corporations. At approximately 1 kW per square meter, the potential of solar energy is 1 GW per square kilometer, a very large nuclear power plant on the third of a section. When the tipping point hits, investors will be left wondering again (why they didn't invest in a company like Xerox).
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Enjay 1
Enjay in E MT
01:44 PM on 06/22/2010
This is more of a question than a comment -

Since the economy would expand as ppl spend more - buying more products & services - then those who are investing in IRAs, SEPPs etc., have less money to "spend". Is the personal retirement account program contributing to the lack of growth? Or because much of the money is invested in stocks/bonds/CD's etc does that offset the funds not being spent on Main Street?

My husband & I are over 50 and preparing for retirement within the next 15-20 years, we have been max'ing our contributions. So we are not spending roughly $20,000 - when you think their are millions of couples out there doing the same - I would think it DOES have an economic impact.

Any studies or comparisons out there?
02:12 PM on 06/22/2010
Keep doing what you're doing. Personal savings is incredibly important, especially nearing retirement.

Buying gadgets you don't need (i.e. Mr. Reich's "solution") to support the consumer economy is a wrong-headed at best.

Good luck!
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chuck becker
07:50 PM on 06/22/2010
Capital accumulation, which you are contributing to, is the primary factor to long term economic well being. Without capital accumulation, you have a Third World economy (which we were approaching, until We The People woke up).
12:57 PM on 06/22/2010
There are a few things that were different coming out of WWII: the US had a large debt, but we also had a large trade surplus as we were the last manufacturer left standing, much of the funding went to manufacturing capacity increases (that were turned from guns to butter) and infrastructure that rapidly paid for itself in increased productivity. Now we have a huge debt, we have very capable manufacturing competitors, a trade deficit, and much of the spending is on benefits, maintaining large public work forces, and infrastructure (think high speed rail) that is unlikely to pay back in decades if ever.

Greenspan certainly helped get us in this mess with artificially low interest rates but the fact that he is willing to admit the problem is a start.
12:48 PM on 06/22/2010
Robert, your premise that the 'corporations won't invest' is incorrect. They, and small business, will invest if funding is made available to them on the level and under the conditions that it was made available to the banks and wall street.
It has been and continues to be nearly impossible for businesses to find the low interest funds necessary for expansion and the creation of jobs.
A solution may involve the establishment of government direct funding under low interest guidelines. If it can be done for the banks, it can be done for business.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
PotomacOracle
The Solution:debt free credit clearing systems
07:48 PM on 06/22/2010
Fanned... Others have made the same observation. The constraint is that banks won't be the recipients of the low interest payments. Banks will not agree to funding which cuts them out of the income stream.

If this administration had real concern for small and medium sized businesses it would charter a publicly owned national bank to compete with the privately owned Federal Reserve Bank.
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chuck becker
07:54 PM on 06/22/2010
I agree with you right down the line, until you reach the conclusion regarding direct government funding. Two wrongs don't make a right, and this one would be even messier (with hundreds or thousands of accounts to track). I'm presuming there are other options, although I don't want to try to name them right now.
iwrite2
If I were DNA Helicase I could unzip your Genes
12:18 PM on 06/22/2010
Let me get this straight, you want the federal government to spend more money when we have a real negative multiplier on goverment spending...come on Robert, even you have a more sound education than that.
The only possible government spending that makes any sens is infrastructure upgrades that we can charge for as they are used. think about it for five seconds.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
PotomacOracle
The Solution:debt free credit clearing systems
07:58 PM on 06/22/2010
x2 I would add government's ability to direct resources to a biofuel that could employ millions over a two to three year period. Industrial hemp. It can replace fossil fuels, timber, and ethanol. Competing with three traditional sources, however, assures us that the Obama Administration won't allow hemp cultivation in the so called "free market" of America. Talk about violation of restraint of trade laws, the DEA is guilty big time.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
mjc
Avoid printing any..
11:41 AM on 06/22/2010
Unfortunately, we have to live with outdated, Jurassic Age, Republicans who think of our national debt as some sort of household budget which has gone awry, too much spending and not enough taxation. And there even Democrats who haven't passed that course in economics. There are many homeowners who are "under water" on their mortgage and whose homes are now owned totally by the bank, but the bank won't let them walk away from the homes because they are trying to sell them...perhaps at this time with a reasonable sales price. There are neighbors who have taken "service economy" jobs as the last resort, underemployed and totally uninterested in their work. Investment is only for the wealthy who have had the tax breaks, not for those in the middle classes. Money has become the everything in this economy. money with which to buy the necessities. Jobs created by governments, federal, state, maybe a few local, don't really exist even though the schools and the playgrounds are crumbling from neglect. Have we become the third world country we always dreamed we would NEVER be? Investment is only for the wealthy who have had the tax breaks, not for those in the middle classes.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
chuck becker
08:01 PM on 06/22/2010
Name calling those you disagree with only makes the situation worse. Instead, why not state exactly what policies you disagree with, why, and with examples of when your side has been correct and the "other" side has not?

What is your intent with the "under water" issue? Do you think the banks should let people walk away from their obligation? Or do you not?

If you can't find a job, there is always the option of becoming self-employed, please consider that. it can lead to great things (or be a real pain in the rear).

"Money has become the everything in this economy." That's why they call it an "economy", it's about money, not self-worth, community service, or value as a human being. All it's ever been about is money. For those other things, you go to other institutions (government, church, school, etc).

We're not a Third World economy yet, but we are headed that way.

Investing is for everyone. I don't know anyone who doesn't have discretionary expenses they couldn't trim to free up $20/month. After ten years, with a little attention, that's $5,000, which is a start. As long as you think you have to be wealthy to invest, you may never get started, and then those who do will have the benefits to themselves.

I understand that you're frustrated, but checking out won't make anything better.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
mjc
Avoid printing any..
11:01 AM on 06/23/2010
Our society and the economy that drove it used to be about self-worth, service, values, loyality to community and a way of life. You act as if the "other things" are in some sort of separate compartment...and probably today they are. Men and women used to proud of their work ethic and took their personal value from the job they did. Today that is mostly gone and the value is "how much can I get" and "how much can I get more than my neighbor". And you are the sort of financial counselor who folks in dire circumstances would go running from. But I doubt if you know what hard times really are. "$20/month...after ten years...$5,000"...what claptrap.
08:38 AM on 06/22/2010
MORE STIMULUS, Mr Reich?

We already had one, remember? The $787 billion one... last year.
How did it work out?
And please... don't say that "... without that one, things might've been worse..." since you don't know that; nobody knows that.

What we DO know is that it didn't jump start anything.
Didn't create jobs.
Didn't stimulate consumer spending.
Didn't have any effect whatsoever, by any way you choose to measure it.

Now, your solution is repeat procedure?

There is a definition for people who keep doing the SAME thing and expect different results.

I'm disappointed Mr Reich... I truly am. One of the reasons I'm here is to read your thoughts on national economy. Sadly, you choose to write about politics.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Wally Parnel
10:37 AM on 06/22/2010
Whats different today, is the banks, and the credit reporting system, which didnt exist, in the 30s to 40s, are working very hard against any recovery. They change the rules daily, destroying consumer confident, and are inslaving people to long term debt. Until that is corrected, it is going to drag on for how long, who knows. Thanks again, Greenspan, the banks, and wall street.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
helpusa
02:41 PM on 06/22/2010
What arithmetic are you using by assuming that the stimulus did not keep more people working and that there would be more people unemployed, we KNOW THAT!

What would help is to remove the tax cuts to the rich and truly have a works project to improve the infrastructure and development of renewable energy.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
chuck becker
08:04 PM on 06/22/2010
How about removing middle class tax cuts, too?

Ref: http://www.breitbart.com/article.php?id=D9GGCVE00&show_article=1

Read it and weep, you are given a peek into the future.
02:42 PM on 06/23/2010
Thanks helpusa for a constructive suggestion. The works projects for the improvement of infrastructue and development of renewable energy would address several additional issues that we are currently facing and will continue to face.
08:35 AM on 06/22/2010
Although I am a long time Reich fan it seems to me that he overlooks the fact that FDR's deficit spending went to public employment projects with major short and long term positive results (we still use things like public paths and bridges he had built, as well as producing art and music) and military industries that reverted to producing the burst of civilian products that fueled the postwar recovery. Bush/Obama's spending has done little except further enrich the rich while entangling us in futile military adventurism without seriously addressing basic problems. And for Reich to think America's health care "debt bomb" the major threat is stunningly unimaginative. Health care costs would be easily manageable through combining single-payer with drug cost reform and fully funded with no new taxes by eliminating two loopholes: The 100% Social Security/Medicare exemption on taxing 'unearned income' and the $106,800 cap on taxable SS income.
09:17 AM on 06/22/2010
I agree very much with you about the "top down" stimulus versus FDR's WPA. Of course, it is a vastly different world now. The biggest issue with single payer (of which I am a sincere supporter) is that dismantling and extinguishing an entire industry (health "insurance" which I agree is nothing of the sort) would be a major blow (in terms of job lots etc) not unlike the auto industry. I really believe this is why Obama et. al. did not fight harder for it. I have always believed him to be an incrementalist.... the health reform that has passed is basically baby steps. And you make a very good point about the SS tax cap.... doesn't it seem that it should be the other way around? Such as, the first portion of income is NOT subject to SS, but then it kicks it and never phases out? That would fix the SS trust fund issue as though with a magic wand.