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Robert Reich

Robert Reich

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The Jobs Report, and America's Two Economies

Posted: 02/ 4/11 05:42 PM ET

At a time when corporate profits are through the roof, the Dow is flirting with 12,000, Wall Street paychecks are fat again, and big corporations are sitting on more than $1 trillion in cash, you'd expect jobs be coming back. But you'd be wrong.

The U.S. economy added just 36,000 jobs in January, according to today's report from the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Remember, 125,000 are needed just to keep up with the increase in the population of Americans wanting and needing work. And 300,000 a month are needed -- continuously, for five years -- if we're to get back to anything like the employment we had before the Great Recession.

In other words, today's employment report should be sending alarm bells all over official Washington. Granted, unusually bad weather may have accounted for some of the reluctance of employers to hire in January. But even considering the weather, the economy is still terribly sick. (Technical note: The official rate of unemployment fell to 9 percent from 9.4 percent, but that's because more workers have left the labor market, too discouraged to continue looking for work. The official rate reflects how many people are actively looking for work.)

We have two economies. The first is in recovery. The second remains in a continuous depression.

The first is a professional, college-educated, high-wage economy centered in New York and Washington, that's living well off of global corporate profits. Corporations continue to make money by selling abroad from their foreign operations while cutting costs (especially labor) here at home. Wall Street is making money by taking the Fed's free money and speculating with it. The richest 10 percent of Americans, holding 90 percent of all financial assets, are riding the wave. And their upscale spending has given high-end retailers and producers a bounce.

The second is most of the rest of America, and it's still struggling with a mountain of debt, declining home prices, and job losses. In coming months most Americans will also be contending with sharply rising prices of food and fuel.

Our representatives in Washington see and hear mostly the first economy. The business press reports mainly on the first economy. Corporate and Wall Street economists are concerned largely with the first economy.

But the second economy will determine our politics in 2012 and beyond.

And not even the first can be sustained permanently on its own. Corporate profits cannot continue to rise on the basis of foreign sales (which are slowing as Europe adopts austerity and China raises interest rates), the purchases of the richest 10 percent of Americans (which are dependent on a rising stock market), and cost-cutting measures at home (which are necessarily limited). Without a strong and broadly-based middle-class recovery, America's big money economy will fall in on itself. A major stock market "correction" is a certainty.

Robert Reich is the author of Aftershock: The Next Economy and America's Future, now in bookstores. This post originally appeared at RobertReich.org.

 
 
 
 
 
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democrats for life
republicans need not apply
05:20 AM on 02/20/2011
just about everyone in the nation is getting pay cuts, yet congress is still getting their annual raise, why is that?
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
canoeal
Wooden Boatbuilder, Hab 3:17-18
11:35 PM on 02/14/2011
It won't be too long befroe we follow the path of Egypt...
12:20 AM on 02/08/2011
Our economic problem is, and has been for some time, that capital has been flowing upward to the wealthy at much too high a rate. This problem is caused by government intervention, not free market economics. When 2% of the population controls over 90% of all wealth that is the product of lobbying congress for special privileges and exemptions. Since our government made a significant portion of their profits possible, and since our present economic problems are due to mismanagement of other moneys intrusted to the wealthy, it is ethical, just and reasonable to redistribute wealth downward to the middle class and poor in order to correct this problem which the wealthy caused. The contra-intuitive solution to this crisis is to raise taxes on the rich in order to fund the lowering of taxes on the middle class and poor. The market is driven by consumer demand. Increase demand substantially and you will revitalize the economy.

To the wealthy I say you should support this solution and stop lobbying congress for special privileges and exemptions. In the long term you will be wealthier than you will if you don't, and you will enjoy the benefits of a more fair and balanced governance. The middle class lays the golden eggs, but if you take too many, they disappear, and so do you.
05:51 PM on 02/07/2011
Our economic problem is, and has been for some time, that capital has been flowing upward to the wealthy at much too high a rate. This problem is caused by government intervention, not free market economics. When 2% of the population controls over 90% of all wealth. that is the product of lobbying congress for special privileges, back-room deals, and outright pay-offs. Since our government made a significant portion of their profits possible, and since our present economic problems are due to mismanagement of other moneys intrusted to the wealthy, it is ethical, just and reasonable to redistribute wealth downward to the middle class and poor in order to correct this problem which the wealthy caused. The contra-intuitive solution to this crisis is to raise taxes on the rich in order to fund the lowering of taxes on the middle class and poor. The market is driven by consumer demand. Increase demand substantially and you will revitalize the economy.

To the wealthy I say you should support this solution and stop lobbying congress for special privileges and exemptions. In the long term you will be wealthier than you will if you don't, and you will enjoy the benefits of a more fair and balanced governance. The middle class lays the golden eggs, but if you take too many, they disappear, and so do you.
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harpo73
10:52 AM on 02/07/2011
3 words: Tarriff on China
Joel Smithis
Small business owner
09:41 AM on 02/07/2011
Tell that to people in Ohio, Pennsylvania, Illinois, Wisconsin and Minnesota. They are increasingly voting Republican to further burry their meager chances for any descent jobs. That's how stupidity is setting the America's decline!
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journeyman steve
11:27 AM on 02/07/2011
Reich is wrong about the second economy setting the tone for the 2012. This second normal working man situation will NOT "determine our politics in 2012 and beyond."

History is written by the winners. Nothing new there. For our current predicament, who is the winner and who is the loser? The winner will re-write what is going on and stimulate choices of this second economy that will seemingly "make common sense" but will be absolutely wrong. The rich will tell you that it's government that is causing the economy to be bad/slow, but if you cut back spending, won't we be totally repeating all the actions that led to the Great Depression being really a big one, not the minor downturns that had been occuring before 1920s?

Common sense will not be enough to understand calculus. Or Macroeconomics. Or history. It is hard work, tough thinking, you must be able to learn a new concept that is tough. Or you will fail the subject, and thus bound to repeat history.
11:34 PM on 02/07/2011
China is a member of the WTO so I don't think tariffs are allowed. Individual Americans can however refuse to buy anything made in China. We can also demand that government at all levels can only purchase goods and services 100% produced in the USA. We can also demand that any American company which sends jobs to other countries not be permitted to sell goods or services inside the USA. We can require loyalty and social responsibility on the part of American businesses.
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muck-raker
give me liberty or give me death
07:40 AM on 02/07/2011
I did it!.....I FOUND Americas JOBS, the only problem is that they are only paying seventy cents a day

http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-7932485454526581006#
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billw8017
History looks like this
12:56 AM on 02/07/2011
Robert Reich is always right. When our manufacturing base is destroyed, we cease to produce real things that can be bought and vindicate pursuit of the dollar. Just as Midas repented when he realized he could neither eat gold nor hug his daughter, an economy dependent upon money and other funny paper is not nutritional.

That we have solid workers seeking jobs even as our bridges are falling down and other things need work means only that our economic system is failing us.

Every skilled worker cherishes their tools and private property is, thereby, revealed as a great principle. Even in a more Socialist structure, personal enterprise is necessary to make things work. To deny any of this is ridiculous. Never the less, honor and the sanctity of contracts is more important still. These things involve social attitudes and, as convenient, regulation.
06:11 AM on 02/07/2011
I agree Robert Reich is always right .... It's nice to have someone who has been consistently right and who can communicate so well !
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journeyman steve
11:29 AM on 02/07/2011
He's wrong about the hurt on the average working man's economic plight driving the political agenda for 2012 and beyond. It will be the "winners", the rich, that write and set that agenda. Why would it be any other way? The winners in history write the history. The slant will be to put more hurt on the economy by repeating the mistakes made 100 years ago. They were "common sense" then, they are now. And absolutely wrong. Counter-intuitive relations occur in advanced subjects. If the average American thinks he can master the national economic situation and path forward, the average American has more ego than education and knowledge.
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billw8017
History looks like this
12:06 PM on 02/07/2011
It's hard to altogether disagree with your points. People with power and authority will continue to exercise power and authority as they have forever and as they do among our monkey cousins.

Yet, Americans will continue to vote their pocketbooks. We have the model of the Liberty poll of 1936 that interviewed people with telephones. It predicted a landslide for Alf Landon, but Franklin Roosevelt carried every state except Maine and Vermont. Managers and supervisors with job security actually benefited from the depression and the lower prices, but the most people were badly off and frightened.

The 2012 campaigns may be waged on the federal deficit, abortion, and the culture wars, but an economic recovery -- something that is not assured -- will favor the incumbents.

The average American does have more ego than education and knowledge, even the average educated American. Walk under the night sky and look out into infinity. This is supposed to make us feel small but everything we know says we are at the center of that infinity. That's ego sanctioned by our science!
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Star2000dancer
Pay it forward, the movie..
06:25 PM on 02/06/2011
Like I said when stocks went up to 15000 with Bush...follow the dollar. Our dollar was worth $1.77 Canadian when he got in. When stocks went up to 15000 our dollar was only worth 66 cents in Canadian money.

We also had a Triple AAA rating. Not long ago it went went down to a Double AA Rating. Now we have a A+ Rating. Follow the dollar to see what the real numbers mean. Always follow the money.
07:35 PM on 02/06/2011
I hear you there. Canada created 96000 jobs last month - USA 36000. Canada is 1/10th the size.
Joel Smithis
Small business owner
09:45 AM on 02/07/2011
No way! How come socialists can create jobs?
05:51 PM on 02/06/2011
We need to clean house in DC. Throw all the bums out.Especially the ones on the right.
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05:04 AM on 02/07/2011
Maybe the Egyptians have the right idea
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therealist2000
The day We the People bring down Corporate America
05:29 PM on 02/06/2011
Welcome to America:

The land of Temp Workers & the Unemployed!
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Independent66
www.linkedin.com/in/harveyring
05:13 PM on 02/06/2011
You are certainly partly right. There are really 4 different segments. Large corporations typically multinational and too much influence in government. In this segment are the large banks and banks. Agreed! The second are the small businesses. There are several million of these and they are distinctly different from the large organizations. The 3rd are people in the lower portion of the wage range and they are having a lot of trouble. High debt, loss of job, wrong skill set, etc. Agreed! But there is a 4th segment, those people working in the public sector at all levels of government. We all know people in this segment; teachers, police, fire, EMS, federal, state and local government employees, etc. Robert, where are these people in your 2 segment model? While this first segment controls a lot of wealth and resources, telling them to spend their money here will not happen unless they can see the demand for their products and services so the investment will create at least a ROI that matches their current ROI. These large organizations go where the best ROI is. They have choices, so we must be able to compete with other geographies. Small businesses have much less political clout, less capital and access to it. I suggest you think through these 4 segments and suggest programs to address their respective issues.
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MULE2009
Locomotive Engineer
04:22 PM on 02/07/2011
The US government has not enforced the anti trust laws since Reagan. This has allowed for the creation of these enormous multinational monopolies (corporate oliarchies)in every major industry. The US will throw millions more Americans under the bus to protect it's "winning" corporations battle against foreign competitors. Our politicians cannot say no to corporate money. The real "industrial" policy is to increase competition not reduce it. Small businesses create most of the new jobs. The government could also create real jobs if it wanted too. After all most resources are on Federal lands leased to resource and energy companies for pennies on the dollar. The government could do it itself if it wanted to just like the TVA...
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TRex86
Enjoying life in West Ohio
03:29 PM on 02/06/2011
Corporate executives have incentivized themselves to jack up stock prices so that they can make megabucks on their options. This is not the best way to build shareholder value. Granted price appreciation is nice, but it leads to short term quarter to quarter thinking, devalues dividend payments and makes the stock market a lottery. Throughout the 20th century half the total return on stocks was the dividend stream. If my recommendation (below) were implemented to end corporate taxation and make corporations function as pass-throughs real shareholder value would be a function of modest price appreciation and a robust dividend stream. CEO's can give themselves obscene (fully taxed) bonuses, but instead of experiencing the unintended consequences of tax policy manipulation we would tax the dividend stream as ordinary income (unless it's in a tax deferred account). No "double taxation." Everybody wins.
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billw8017
History looks like this
12:31 AM on 02/07/2011
You cover a lot of ground with independent thinking that I admire, but I would raise two points. 1) Taxing corporations has the advantage of simplicity. The money is there and the government can simply take a share. This becomes an expense and is passed on in prices, everybody gets to pay in a relatively fair way. 2) The double taxation argument is spurious. It might be argued that workers should not have to pay taxes since their company is taxed, then taxed again as it must pay the workers enough to live and pay taxes. This pertains to both income taxes and sales taxes. Of course, corporations do not necessarily pay taxes, but I mean (as you do) if they did.

Taxes basically fall under the Willy Sutton rule. Sutton, a notorious bank robber, when asked why he robbed banks, said, "That's where the money is."

Taxes are to be taken from wherever the money is. It is responsible to do so and empowers our government to better serve us. Jesus advised the people to pay their taxes, saying, render unto Caesar that which is Caesars." Some Christians argue that was a different time and times change, but if you oppose Christ in every way are you still a Christian, different time or not. This is relevant as many Christians seem to confuse taxes and sin.
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TRex86
Enjoying life in West Ohio
08:39 AM on 02/07/2011
Thanks for the thoughtful comments. In no order:
1. Corporate taxes are about $220 billion of fed revenue. This is miniscule compared to other sources (income tax and payroll taxes). The adverse impact of tax gimmicks like the breaks the oil companies get creates perverse incentives. We can afford to eliminate corporate taxes IF we get something better in return. No tax = equal incentives to American companies.
2. I would prefer to support the feds with progressive income taxes. Hence, forcing corporations to issue dividends creates a nice revenue stream for taxation. Insofar as stocks are owned outright and aren't in tax deferred accounts they are in the hands of the affluent, who can cough up some more taxes. Likewise, do away with the dividend and cap gain preference. Why tax labor more than capital?
3. I would do away with the regressive payroll tax too. Raising the cap to infinity and dropping the rate would be second best. Insofar I want all federal revenues to come from progressive income taxes I'm quite confident the IRS is up to the task.
4. Once the economy staggers back to its feet the federal budget should equal projected annual expenditures PLUS amortization of the debt and future liabilities of Medicare.
5. The only opportunity for expenditure cuts is the bloated defense budget. Until we rethink our role as the world's cop that won't happen as the "military-industrial complex" lives on, feasting at the trough of neo-imperialistic greed.
luminavi
Love kicking over anthills on both left and right.
03:27 PM on 02/06/2011
In 2004, economist Alan Blinder, former Clinton economic adviser and former vice-chair of the Federal Reserve, estimated that 22% to 29% of the jobs held by U.S. workers in 2004 would be "potentially offshorable within a decade or two," with nearly 8.2 million jobs in 59 occupations "highly offshorable." Well, here we are in 2011. Yes, I do think by 2014 the U.S. would have lost at least 22% of its jobs to offshore outsourcing.

Don't believe it? Read this cover story in Business Week regarding the REAL costs of offshore outsourcing - http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/07_25/b4039001.htm.
That was written more than 3 years ago.

Looking back over that period, it does seem that the writer of the article and the economists providing their analysis therein appear to be spot on: a significant portion of U.S. GDP being reported is being buffered by international revenue rather than real domestic GDP. The corporations are getting rich by moving tasks overseas. But it's still being counted as "U.S. GDP."

Thus the disparity and incongruency between U.S. economic "growth" and the shrinking number of jobs here. Take away the phantom GDP being made abroad, the real numbers will show that offshore outsourcing has had a devastating impact on the U.S. economy.
02:57 PM on 02/06/2011
Next time some complains about too much regulation ask them this: does communist China have less regulation? And if corporations don't like any regulation then why do they have full-time lobbyist in DC? Why does Bill Gates testify to congress about "labor shortages" and a need for H-1b regulations and for copyright protections if he is against regulation? BTW, the labor shortage is so bad at Microsoft that we keep laying off people. Does that make any sense? And we keep importing workers from India too.

The simple fact is corporations love regulation but they want the regulations to protect them and to hurt YOU. H-1b work visas is a perfect example of how the corporate communist have taken over.
06:33 PM on 02/06/2011
Answers to your rhetorical questions:

Yes, Communist China has much less regulations and it is a shame for us.

Yes, corporations do no like regulations, but DC has so much power, that it can destroy even giant corporations (BP, Microsoft) in a matter of months. DC can crash smaller corporations in a week or two. It is matter of life and death for them to have a lobbying presence in Washington. Also Washington steals so much from private citizens and corporations in taxes, that it is very tempting for some corporations (GE, Citigroup, GM) to get some of the stolen money for themselves without working hard for these money.